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Soils Review

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 2hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of these particles in soil has the most water retention?
a)
clay
b)
gravel
c)
silt
d)
sand
2.
How does nutrients necessary for plant growth get in the soil?
a)
Soil absorbs sunlight.
b)
Soil is exposed to oxygen.
c)
Organic matter is decayed in the soil
d)
Water flows through the soil.
3.
The texture of soil depends on the:
a)
mass
b)
water in the soil
c)
plants growing in the soil
d)
composition of the soil
4.
Some plants need to be in an environment where water drained easily. What type of soil would benefit these plants?
a)
sand
b)
shale
c)
clay
d)
silt
5.
The finest grain soil is richest in:
a)
clay
b)
humus
c)
sand
d)
iron
6.
In order to increase water retention, you should add the following to soil:
a)
organic matter
b)
loose gravel
c)
nitrogen pellets
d)
coarse sand
7.
What is the source of the organic matter needed for most fertile soils?
a)
moving water
b)
eroded sand
c)
decaying plants
d)
weathered bedrock
8.
Which animal would best help the soil hold water?
a)
earthworms making tunnels under the surface
b)
cattle making depressions with their hooves
c)
horses making trenches when the gallop
d)
sheep pulling up plants by their roots
9.
Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has:
a)
low PH level
b)
low sand content
c)
high organic matter level
d)
high parent rock material level
10.
Which type of soil has the least capacity for holding water?
a)
silt
b)
sand
c)
humus
d)
clay
11.
Which type of soil has the least capacity for holding water?
a)
silt
b)
sand
c)
humus
d)
clay
12.
What is a good indication that soil contains nutrients?
a)
texture
b)
color
c)
amount of sand
d)
amount of clay
13.

Which soil horizon is called the Topsoil?

a)

O

b)

A

c)

E

d)

B

14.

Which soil horizon is called the subsoil?

a)

O

b)

A

c)

R

d)

B

15.

Which layer of soil is made of organic material?

a)

O

b)

A

c)

R

d)

B

16.

The color of the A horizon is most often...

a)

dark (black)

b)

white / gray

c)

red

d)

yellow

17.

What is the Texture for Silt Based on the Texture: SILTY CLAY:


5% SAND

50% CLAY

a)

45%

b)

38%

c)

36%

d)

55%

18.

Mineral matter is inorganic material, meaning it didn't originate as a plant or animal. Mineral matter began as a ____________ .

a)

solid

b)

gas

c)

rock

d)

tree

19.

This soil particle feels gritty to the touch

a)

sand

b)

silt

c)

clay

20.

This soil particle feels like flour when dry and smooth like velvet when moist.

a)

sand

b)

silt

c)

clay

21.

This soil particle forms hard clumps when it's dry and is sticky when it's wet

a)

sand

b)

silt

c)

clay

22.

The proportions of the three soil types determines the soil ____________ .

a)

density

b)

texture

c)

horizon

d)

imaging

23.

the accumulation of decayed or partially decayd plants and animals. Most of this is from plant leaves, roots, and stems.

a)

mineral matter

b)

water holding ability

c)

infiltration

d)

organic matter

24.

The downward movement of water through the soil is known as ________________ .

a)

precipitation

b)

percolation

c)

persperation

d)

particles

25.

Plants perform best when there is a balance between air and water in the soil

a)

True

b)

False

26.

the process in which the climate literally causes rocks to break into small pieces

a)

erosion

b)

watering

c)

climate control

d)

weathering

27.

Which of the following is not a way that soil particles are transported as they break off from the parent rocks?

a)

water

b)

the wind

c)

glaciers

d)

birds

28.

A soil profile is a view of a cross section of soil, this view reveals the layers of soil known as _____________ .

a)

profiles

b)

structures

c)

horizons

d)

aggregates

29.

This layer of soil contains parent material, there is no organic matter or root development in this horizon

a)

A Horizon

b)

B Horizon

c)

C Horizon

d)

D or R Horizon

30.

The ideal soil is a ___________ soil.

a)

silty

b)

sandy

c)

loamy

d)

heavy

31.
There is an unlimited supply of fertile soil.
a)
True
b)
False
32.
Soil's one of the Earth’s most valuable resources. Everything on Earth depends on soil somehow.
a)
True
b)
False
33.
Soil layers are called horizons because...
a)
The layers are all different
b)
The layers are vertical
c)
The layers are horizontal
d)
The layers are above one another
34.
Soil layers are called horizons because...
a)
The layers are all different
b)
The layers are vertical
c)
The layers are horizontal
d)
The layers are above one another
35.
The non-decomposed organic material that lies on top of the A Horizon is called...
a)
Trash
b)
Stuff
c)
Litter
d)
Dog poop
36.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three layers of soil?
a)
topsoil
b)
undersoil
c)
subsoil
d)
bedrock
37.
Humus is.....
a)
the dead parts of plants and animals in soil.
b)
A food we eat with pretzels.
c)
The tiny particles inside of soil
d)
The roots that come off of a plant and live in soil.
38.
Ellen grabs a topsoil sample in her hand. She rolls it into a ball. The soil feels gritty and the ball falls apart. What part of the topsoil most likely made the topsoil feel gritty?
a)
clay
b)
sand
c)
silt
d)
humus
39.
When there are not enough plants to hold topsoil in place, water and  _______ carry the topsoil away, leaving the subsoil exposed
a)
sunlight
b)
birds
c)
magnetic fields
d)
wind
40.
Many plants cannot grow in clay soil. Why is this true?
a)
Clay soil does not have many nutrients.
b)
Roots cannot easily push through clay soil.
c)
Water doesn't drain well through clay.
d)
All of these choices.
41.

This type of erosion is what was seen in the dust bowl era.

a)

Water Erosion

b)

Human Erosion

c)

Wind Erosion

d)

Natural Erosion

42.
What would be the best soil texture for growing crops, such as corn and vegetables?
a)
Loam
b)
Sand
c)
Sandy clay
d)
Silty Loam
43.
Which of the following is the best reason soil texture is important?
a)
it affects ability for soil to hold water
b)
it affects ability for soil to hold nutrients
c)
it affects soils chance of erosion
d)
All of the above
44.
Many plants cannot grow in sandy soil. Why is this true?
a)
Sandy soil does not hold enough water.
b)
Air cannot pass through sandy soil.
c)
Roots cannot easily push through sandy soil.
d)
Sandy soil has too many nutrients.
45.
Soil is made of
a)
weathered rocks and minerals
b)
dead plants and animals
c)
air and water
d)
all of the above
46.

This is not one of the primary nutrients in fertilizer

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Potassium

d)

Calcium

47.

Which of the following is the correct order of the soil horizons?

a)

A-B-C-O-R

b)

R-A-B-C-O

c)

O-A-B-C-R

d)

C-B-R-O-A

48.

Which soil horizon do farmers want a good layer of?

a)

O

b)

A

c)

C

d)

B

49.

Which layer of soil is solid rock?

a)

E

b)

B

c)

C

d)

R

50.

Which layer of soil is lighter in color because of lost minerals?

a)

E

b)

B

c)

C

d)

R

51.

The color of the A horizon is most often...

a)

dark (black)

b)

white / gray

c)

red

d)

yellow

52.

Which layer is the C horizon?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

53.

Which substance is a mixture of organic matter & weathered rock?

a)

Schist

b)

Soil

c)

Limestone

d)

Granite

54.

What is located beneath soil layers?

a)

Bedrock

b)

Humus

c)

Lava

d)

Tundra

55.

Which layer of soil has the most humus?

a)

A horizon

b)

Bedrock

c)

Subsoil

d)

Regolith

56.

Which layer in a soil profile would be most affected by weathering & erosion

a)

C horizon

b)

B horizon

c)

R horizon

d)

A horizon

57.

The 2 types of weathering are _________

a)

alpha & beta

b)

physical & conventional

c)

conduction & convection

d)

chemical & physical

58.
The growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in ________________.
a)
erosion
b)
mechanical weathering
c)
chemical weathering
d)
abrasion
59.
The definition of weathering is _______________________.
a)
the carrying away of rock
b)
the leaching of rock
c)
the breaking down of rock
d)
the permeability of rock
60.
What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rock to change?
a)
mechanical weathering
b)
permeable weathering
c)
chemical weathering
d)
general weathering
61.
In the fall, Winston noticed a small crack on a boulder where he played in his backyard. The following spring, he saw that the small crack was much larger than he remembered. What most likely caused the change?
a)
gravity had caused the rock to shift
b)
acid rain had caused the crack to erode
c)
winds had caused the rock to break down
d)
water had frozen and thawed inside the rocks
62.
What is the relationship between wind erosion and plant cover?
a)
More plants means less erosion
b)
More plants means more erosion
c)
There is no relationship
d)
Less plant cover means less erosion
63.
When plants, animals, and other organisms die, they break down and become part of the soil. What is this part of the soil called?
a)
sand
b)
silt
c)
clay
d)
humus
64.
Which layer of soil has more dead things in it?
a)
Top Soil
b)
Sub soil
c)
Parent materials
d)
Bed rock
65.
What layer has lots of rocks?
a)
Top soil
b)
sub soil
c)
Parent materials
d)
Bed rock
66.
Layers of soil are also known as:
a)
Soil Profiles
b)
Soil Horizons
c)
Soil sheets
d)
Soil cores
67.
What is plowing in curved rows that follow the shape of the land?
a)
contour plowing
b)
soil
c)
subsoil
d)
terrace farming
68.
Substances that fill the spaces between soil particles are...
a)
water and air
b)
humus and weathered rock
c)
sand and clay
d)
moss and lichens
69.
Which of the following improves the fertility of soil by breaking down once living matter and adding oxygen to the soil.
a)
plant roots
b)
rock particles
c)
sunlight 
d)
worms
70.
Sinkholes are caused by...
a)
rainwater dissolving rock under the ground.
b)
plants and animals.
c)
the wind.
71.
If wind, water, or ice move sediment from one place to another, it is called...
a)
erosion.
b)
weathering.
c)
a sinkhole.
72.
Which of the following is NOT be found in topsoil?
a)
humus
b)
minerals
c)
sediment
d)
bedrock
73.
Which of the following can cause weathering?
a)
fertilizing the land
b)
minerals and humus
c)
water, wind, plants, and animals
74.
Which horizon of soil is closest to the surface?
a)
bedrock
b)
topsoil
c)
subsoil
75.
If a soil sample is dark, it was probably from...
a)
the desert.
b)
a forest.
c)
bedrock
76.
What is sediment?
a)
the process of rocks being broken down and carried away
b)
bits of rock, sand, and silt caused by the weathering of rocks
c)
the top layer of the soil
d)
decaying plant or animal material 
77.

Which of these is an example of erosion?

a)

Light shinning onto a mountain

b)

Rain breaking down rock

c)

Wind blowing away sediment

d)

All of the above

78.
Rain washing away soil from a hillside
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
79.
A small stream or other source of flowing water cannot form a canyon?
a)
True
b)
False
80.
Glaciers shape and carve away the land beneath them and can drastically reshape the landscape over hundreds or even thousands of years.
a)
True
b)
False
81.

What is a major cause of soil erosion?

a)

Running Water

b)

Overgrazing

c)

Agricultural Activities

82.

What does soil erosion affect?

a)

Water ways

b)

Animals

c)

Humans

83.
What is groundwater?
a)
any form of liquid water
b)
water that is not moving
c)
water on Earth's surface
d)
water below Earth's surface
84.
What is the place where land and a body of water meet?
a)
delta
b)
shoreline
c)
groundwater
d)
alluvial fan
85.
What would a beach look like that has been affected by storms and rough waves?
a)
there's a sea stack
b)
the beach is rocky
c)
there were sandbars
d)
the beach was sandy
86.
What force is responsible for erosion and deposition in landslides?
a)
gravity
b)
ice
c)
wind
d)
temperature
87.
What triggers mudslides?
a)
ice
b)
rain
c)
wind
d)
temperature
88.
Which type of sediment will be dropped first as the wind slows?
a)
biggest
b)
smallest
c)
heaviest
d)
lightest
89.

What thing causes the most soil erosion

a)

Human activities

b)

Nature

c)

Animals

d)

Water & Wind

90.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of soil?
a)
clay
b)
sand
c)
silt
d)
mud
91.
_______ is the type of soil used most often with plants. It is a mixture of clay, sand, and silt.
a)
loam
b)
humus
c)
mud
d)
dirt
92.
Ellen grabs a topsoil sample in her hand. She rolls it into a ball. The soil feels gritty and the ball falls apart. What part of the topsoil most likely made the topsoil feel gritty?
a)
clay
b)
sand
c)
silt
d)
humus
93.
When there are not enough plants to hold topsoil in place, water and  _______ carry the topsoil away, leaving the subsoil exposed
a)
sunlight
b)
birds
c)
magnetic fields
d)
wind
94.
What is a soil problem all farmers face?
a)
soil hardening
b)
soil erosion
c)
soil spoiling
d)
soil pollution
95.
How would you describe the texture of "sandy" soil?
a)
sticky
b)
gritty
c)
smooth
d)
slimy
96.
Where does most of the water go when it rains?
a)
in the ocean
b)
in the rivers
c)
in the gutters
d)
it absorbs into the soil

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