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WorksheetsMidterm Game
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 35mins
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, —That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to affect their Safety and Happiness.”
— The Declaration of Independence
How are these words fundamental to the meaning of the Declaration of Independence?
They state that the power to govern comes from the will of the governed, and the governed have the right to change the government.
They state that the government is required to assure that all citizens are safe and happy, and if it fails at this, the people can overthrow it.
They state that all men are equal to the king of England, so the British government cannot impose its political will on North American colonists
They state that since Britain has imposed taxes that prohibited English colonists from pursuing happiness, the colonies are breaking away from British rule.
Why is the Bill of Rights an important part of the U.S. Constitution?
It defines the role of the courts.
It protects Americans’ personal freedoms.
It explains how congressional seats are to be allocated.
It discusses the role the new country will have in international affairs.
Why did Booker T. Washington not devote his energies to overturning Jim Crow laws?
He advocated an aggressive plan with professional careers, college educations, and a demand for political and social rights.
He agreed with W.E.B. Dubois that African Americans needed to pursue a strong education and push for integration at all levels of society.
Washington advised African Americans to develop vocational skills that would eventually lead to economic equality.
Washington suggested gaining skills and then emigrating back to Africa.
Why was the Fifteenth Amendment unable to protect African Americans’ voting rights?
The Fifteenth Amendment applied only to some districts.
States were still able to impose voting restrictions based on literacy or property qualifications.
Some states refused to recognize constitutional amendments.
The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with citizenship, not voting rights.
How did the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson affect both the North and the South?
It supported the Reconstruction amendments.
Segregation on public transportation was ended.
The basis for separate but equal legislation was established.
It dismantled Jim Crow laws.
“The old South rested everything on slavery and agriculture, unconscious that these could neither give nor maintain healthy growth. The new South presents a perfect democracy... and a diversified industry that meets the complex needs of this complex age.”
—Henry Grady, 1866
The author of this quotation would most likely support which of these economic approaches?
Building more textile mills in the South
Planting more cash crops for overseas export
Developing more farm cartels for economies of scale
Shipping more raw materials to the North for processing
The transcontinental railroad helped close the frontier in the late 1900s by —
spurring industrial development
raising the standard of living on the frontier
making it easier for settlers to migrate westward
making it faster and cheaper to ship goods across the country
Under the terms of the Pendleton Civil Service Act, individuals who wanted to work for the government —
had to take an exam to qualify
could not be part of the spoils system
had to cut off ties with political machines
could only hold their jobs for a limited time
"In compliance with your request, I have come to give my views of the present condition of the rebel States—of the proper mode of reorganizing the Government, and the future prospects of the Republic. During the whole progress of the war, I never for a moment felt doubt or despondency. I knew that the loyal North would conquer the rebel despots who sought to destroy freedom. But since that traitorous confederation has been subdued, and we have entered upon the work of "reconstruction" or "restoration,” I cannot deny that my heart has become sad at the gloomy prospects before us.…We especially insist that the property of the chief rebels should be seized and appropriated to the payment of the National debt, caused by the unjust and wicked war which they instigated."
—Representative Thaddeus Stevens, Speech, 1865
In this speech excerpt, which Reconstruction issue does Stevens address?
equal protection under the law
confiscation of Southern land
loyalty oaths for Southern leaders
process of state readmission
"The Freedmen’s Bureau helped reunite families that had been separated by slavery and war. It negotiated fair labor contracts between former slaves and white landowners. By representing African Americans in the courts, the Bureau also established a precedent that black citizens had legal rights. The Freedmen’s Bureau continued its efforts until 1872."
Based on the text, which piece of legislation would eventually extend the legal goals of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Ten Percent Plan
the black codes
Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
"Beginning with the state conventions required by Johnson, southern leaders proceeded to rebuild their prewar world. Many states specifically limited the vote to white men. Some states sent their Confederate officials to the U.S. Congress. All of the states instituted black codes—laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans and keep them as landless workers. The codes required African Americans to work in only a limited number of occupations, most often as servants or farm laborers. Some states prohibited African Americans from owning land, and all set up vagrancy laws. These laws stipulated that any black person who did not have a job could be arrested and sent to work as prison labor."
According to the passage, when African Americans faced vagrancy laws they struggled to earn money because of both limited employment opportunities and
denial of voting rights.
punishment for being out of work.
the renewed threat of slavery.
collapse of the agricultural economy.
“I, [name], do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement, to persons engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I have neither sought nor accepted, nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office whatever, under any authority or pretended authority in hostility to the United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority, power, or constitution, within the United States, hostile or inimical thereto.”
—“Ironclad Test Oath,” 1864
This oath, used by the United States Congress, was primarily intended to eliminate which group from elected office?
northern carpetbaggers
Confederate sympathizers
southern scalawags
Union deserters
“As long as the shadow of the great house falls across you, you ain’t going to feel like no free man and no free woman.”
—African American Minister
This quotation reflects the desire of many newly freed slaves to
punish former slaveholders.
pursue a fresh start in a new place.
turn plantation houses into churches.
invest in educational opportunities.
During Reconstruction, which of the following was a way African American churches worked to develop new leaders in the community?
training women to be nurses
giving jobs to unemployed carpetbaggers
establishing the first public vocational schools
providing a platform for organizing and group planning
“Meanwhile they live in a place of infernal dins. The crash and thunder of the machinery is like the roar of an immense cataract. The room shrieks and blares and bellows. Down in the midst of it sit these tiny urchins, where they earn fifty-five cents a day each. They breathe this atmosphere until their lungs grow heavy and sick with it. But they are uncowed; they continue to swagger. And at the top of the 'breaker' laborers can always be seen dumping the roaring coal down the wide, voracious maw of the creature.”—Stephen Crane, “In the Depths of a Coal Mine,” 1894
Crane describes young coal miners as mistreated but nonetheless
happy
healthy
proud
satisfied
“This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial result for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the sole agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience, and ability to administer—doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves.”
—Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” 1889
What is Carnegie’s message in the text above?
People who are wealthy deserve the money that they have.
It is the responsibility of wealthy people to give back to society.
Regardless of social class, everyone should accept their place in society.
America is a land of opportunity, where anyone can work to make a fortune.
How did business leaders in the late nineteenth century utilize vertical integration?
They maintained control of production and distribution of their products.
They maintained control of the raw materials necessary for their products.
They allowed market forces to dictate how their products were distributed.
They delegated responsibility for production and distribution to subsidiaries.
“All charges made for any service rendered or to be rendered in the transportation of passengers or property as aforesaid, or in connection therewith, or for the receiving, delivering, storage, or handling of such property, shall be reasonable and just; and every unjust and unreasonable charge for such service is prohibited and declared to be unlawful.”
—Interstate Commerce Act, 1887
What did the Interstate Commerce Act do?
It controlled the railroads’ transactions.
It broke up all remaining railroad trusts.
It monitored the rates charged by railroads.
It regulated all railroads in the United States.
“Ten dollars a week was to him a fortune. . . . Indeed, he would have been glad, only the day before, to get a place at three dollars a week. . . . Then he was to be advanced if he deserved it. It was indeed a bright prospect for a boy who, only a year before, could neither read nor write. . . . Dick’s great ambition to “grow up ‘spectable” seemed likely to be accomplished after all.”
—Horatio Alger, 1868
The works of Horatio Alger promoted the idea that--
life in the cities was preferable to rural life
workers were being exploited by industrialists
anyone could become successful with hard work
children in the workforce deserved better treatment
“[Rockefeller’s company] killed its rivals, in brief, by getting the great trunk lines to refuse to give them transportation. Vanderbilt is reported to have said that there was but one man—Rockefeller—who could dictate to him.”
—H. D. Lloyd, The Atlantic, 1881
In this text, Lloyd describes how John D. Rockefeller built an oil--
cartel
corporation
monopoly
trust
“Go into any of the ‘respectable’ tenement neighborhoods . . . you shall come away agreeing [that] . . . life there does not seem worth living. . . . [T]he airshaft. . . . seems always so busy letting out foul stenches . . . that it has no time to earn its name by bringing down fresh air. . . .”
—Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives
In this paragraph, Riis drew attention to the
political conditions in large cities.
economic conditions in large cities.
living conditions of the urban poor.
working conditions of urban workers.
“When Rockefeller founded Standard Oil, kerosene was 30 cents a gallon. Twenty years later, Rockefeller had almost a 90 percent market share and kerosene was only eight cents a gallon. Customers were the real winners here, because Rockefeller’s size allowed him to cut costs. . . .”
—Historian Burton W. Folsom, Jr.
Folsom would be most likely to call John D. Rockefeller a
carpetbagger.
robber baron.
philanthropist.
captain of industry.
One major reason for the growth in urbanization between 1860 and 1900 was that
politicians in major cities demanded fair working conditions for all laborers.
the upper-middle class was prosperous and able to afford city dwellings.
many new immigrants were unable to find work on Midwestern farms.
many factory jobs were located in cities near transportation routes.
What was the main reason for the drop in cotton prices between 1865 and 1890?
Other crops became more popular in the textile industry.
The boll weevil decimated the southern states’ cotton supply.
The southern states could not export as much cotton to the North.
Mills in Europe found cheaper sources for cotton.
What did Alexander Graham Bell's most famous invention contribute to life in the late 1800s?
His invention opened up a new entertainment industry.
His invention were among the first products advertised in catalogs.
His invention created a better way to communicate with transatlantic ocean liners.
His invention helped make communication between households and businesses more efficient.
What was one advantage of urbanization for poor workers who migrated to cities in the late nineteenth century?
They had access to sufficient healthcare.
They had access to electricity and other technologies.
They were better able to provide their children with educational opportunities.
They earned wages that enabled them to have a higher standard of living.
The Knights of Labor was formed with the goal of
broad social reform for laborers.
helping immigrant workers find jobs.
raising money to overthrow large factories.
promoting capitalism among skilled workers.
How did the Haymarket Riot hurt the labor movement?
Key labor leaders were injured in the riot.
Many Americans came to believe that union members were violent anarchists.
Union members became afraid to strike following the violence.
The fires started in the riot destroyed much of Chicago's industrial base.
Naturalist novels
defended the efficiency of big business.
argued for the establishment of national parks and forests.
portrayed human misery and the struggles of common people.
encouraged social reform based on the teachings of the Bible.
Progressives that promoted Americanization efforts
helped immigrants establish ethnic communities.
believed that the temperance movement unfairly targeted immigrants.
believed that assimilating immigrants would make them less loyal.
encouraged immigrants to follow white, middle-class ways of life.
The Urban League
focused on helping poor African American workers.
worked for women’s suffrage.
formed in response to race riots in 1908.
helped middle-class African Americans fight unfair laws.
During the 1902 coal miners’ strike in Pennsylvania, President Roosevelt
remained neutral.
prohibited the miners from forming a union.
ordered the National Guard to stop the strike.
threatened to send federal troops to take control of the mines.
Which of the following describes Thomas Nast?
corrupt politician
political cartoonist
big business owner
writer and social commentator
“Poverty and ignorance have affected the black man just as they affect the white man. They have made him untruthful, intemperate, selfish, caused him to steal, to be cheated, and made the outcast of society, and he has aspired to positions which he was not mentally and morally capable of filling. But the day is breaking, and education will bring the complete light. The scales of prejudice are beginning to drop from the eyes of the dominant classes South, and through their clearer and more intelligent vision they are beginning to see and recognize the mighty truth that wealth, happiness, and permanent prosperity will only come in proportion as the hand, head, and heart of both races are educated and Christianized.”
—Booker T. Washington, “The Educational Outlook in the South,” July 16, 1884
What opinion does Washington express about the equal rights movement for African Americans?
African Americans must demand to receive equal treatment under the law.
African Americans will receive equal treatment when they have earned it.
The equal rights movement for African Americans is vital for everyone’s well being.
The equal rights movement for African Americans has made little hope for progress.
Which problem was the muckraker Upton Sinclair most concerned to expose?
child labor in the oil industry
the personal struggles of African Americans in urban environments
poor and unsanitary working conditions in American factories
political corruption in Congress and the judiciary
What is the name of the political reform that allows voters to reject laws even if they had already been passed by the legislature?
direct primary
initiative
recall
referendum
What was the primary effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?
It led to greater opportunities for minorities.
It legalized segregation in many parts of the country.
It permanently divided the Progressive Party.
It made the sale of alcohol illegal in the United States.
Which of the following did the National Reclamation Act of 1902 led to?
the coal miners’ strike of 1902
the construction of the Hoover Dam
the preservation of Yellowstone National Park
the use of water-sharing systems in the western states
What did W.E.B. Du Bois believe about African Americans and racial relations in the United States?
African Americans should use violence in their fight for civil rights.
African Americans would eventually be granted rights if they waited patiently.
Prejudice against African Americans was equally severe throughout the nation.
African Americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law.
What was one strategy used by the National Women's Party to secure passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?
passage of the 1917 referendum in New York
recruiting wealthy women to gain more publicity
hunger strikes and picketing
newspaper campaigns and letters to the President
During Reconstruction, southern agriculture
thrived.
became diverse.
focused on cotton and tobacco.
expanded dramatically.
Why was the Farmers’ Alliance formed in the 1870s?
to fight foreign competition
to improve agricultural equipment
to negotiate lower prices for supplies
to eradicate the boll weevil
“When we cease to teach the Indian that he is less than a man; when we recognize fully that he is capable in all respects as we are, and that he only needs the opportunities and privileges which we possess to enable him to assert his humanity and manhood; when we act consistently towards him in accordance with that recognition; when we cease to fetter him to conditions which keep him in bondage, surrounded by retrogressive influences; when we allow him the freedom of association and the developing influences of social contact—then the Indian will quickly demonstrate that he can be truly civilized, and he himself will solve the question of what to do with the Indian.”
—Captain Richard H. Pratt, 1892
In this statement, Captain Pratt is most likely advocating which of the following for the Native Americans?
an allotment program for land
a treaty ending violent conflict
involuntary relocation to reservations
assimilation into mainstream culture
What did the gridlock between parties in Congress and the White House in the late 1800s lead to?
Corruption became widespread.
Native Americans were restricted to reservations.
Reconstruction went on for too long.
Little meaningful legislation was passed.
What was the primary effect of Native Americans being confined to reservations?
The conflict between Native Americans and settlers decreased.
Their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted.
They received education and religious teaching from settlers.
They were given access to improved healthcare facilities and schools.
The 1908 riots in Springfield, Illinois,
led reformers to organize the NAACP.
undermined the influence of civil rights reformers.
caused the disintegration of the Niagara Movement.
occurred in response to the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.
The National Consumers League
regulated the interstate food trade.
distributed information about women's health and birth control.
gave special labels to "goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions."
created the first workers' strike fund to help support families who refused to work in unsafe or unfair conditions.
The Nineteenth Amendment, which Congress approved in June 1919,
made it illegal for employers to discriminate against women.
put an end to prohibition.
gave women the right to vote.
forced schools to look at racial background when accepting students.
W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington
differed in their opinions on the rights of African Americans.
differed in the ways in which they thought African Americans should work for recognition of their rights.
both urged African Americans to demand immediately all the rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
both believed vocational education was more important for African Americans than a liberal arts education.
Why did President Theodore Roosevelt push Congress to pass the National Reclamation Act?
to support private claims to natural resources
to protect forestland from the lumber industry
to manage water distribution in western lands
to preserve wilderness lands in untouched condition
The Pendleton Civil Service Act made government hiring dependent on
merit.
party loyalty.
party affiliation.
wealth.
Which of the following started a lifelong crusade against lynching?
Susan B. Anthony
W.E.B. Du Bois
Booker T. Washington
Ida B. Wells
Jim Crow laws were enacted in order to
keep British goods out of American ports.
undermine the rights of Chinese immigrant workers.
limit the amount of money plaintiffs could be awarded in punitive damages.
keep African Americans and whites segregated.
Which of the following took advantage of the fact that African Americans were denied the vote before 1866?
literacy tests
understanding tests
grandfather clauses
poll taxes
The Dawes General Allotment Act of 1887
granted 160-acre farmsteads to Indian families.
forced Indians to live on reservations.
encouraged Indians to live on reservations.
voided all previous treaties between Indians and the U.S. government.
The "Exodusters" were
immigrants from Scandinavia who settled in the dry areas of Texas and Oklahoma.
farmers who used new equipment designed to increase production in the Dust Bowl.
a group of African Americans who founded all-black towns in Kansas and Oklahoma.
a small group of men and women who established churches throughout the southwest.
The transcontinental railroad was completed
using mostly Indian labor.
under harsh conditions for many Chinese and Irish laborers.
before the end of the Civil War.
despite the protests of the U.S. government.
What was a key component of the South becoming more industrialized after the Civil War?
better educated workers than the North
expansion of railroads and transportation
smaller, more diversified farms
the rising price of cotton
Which of the following factors contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching?
railroads
barbed wire
branding
Mining
A mining town that did not diversify and grow became a
rough, lawless place.
county seat.
boomtown.
ghost town.
A series of major and minor events in Texas over the course of one year that led to the defeat of the southern Plains Indians was known as the
Sand Creek Massacre.
Battle of Wounded Knee.
Battle of Little Big Horn.
Red River War.
The Sand Creek Massacre occurred when
members of a Colorado militia killed many peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians.
federal troops mistakenly killed members of a Colorado militia.
Cheyenne Indians slaughtered unarmed Colorado settlers.
Arapaho Indians attacked a dozen stagecoaches near Sand Creek.
Which Native American group lived on land in Idaho and included many individuals who were successful horse and cattle breeders?
Kiowas
Nez Percé
Comanches
Blackfeet
After the Civil War, the southern economy
lagged behind the northern economy.
kept pace with the northern economy.
exceeded the northern economy.
completely collapsed.
The ultimate goal of the Dawes General Allotment Act was the
strengthening of the reservations system.
assimilation of Indians into white culture.
relocation of Indians to the Rocky Mountains.
celebration of traditional Native American cultures.
How did industrialization benefit the food industry?
Protective tariffs encouraged international trade.
New communications technology encouraged more people to farm.
Patent laws discouraged innovation.
Refrigerated train cars made it possible to keep goods fresh over long distances.
Which of the following was a downside of industrialization?
higher wages
more housing
more pollution and waste
fewer jobs
Which of the following is one result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates during the 1858 Senate race in Illinois?
Douglas renounced his support of popular sovereignty.
Lincoln gained national attention.
Illinois citizens voted to ban slavery.
Many northerners abandoned the cause of abolition.
What was one way in which the goals of Radical Reconstruction failed?
Former Confederate leaders failed to regain power.
Segregation became the law in all southern states.
The nation was permanently reunited.
Ulysses S. Grant became President of the United States.
What was the key goal of the Union's Anaconda Plan?
to outlast the Confederate armies
to seize the Confederate capital and other important cities
to cut off the South from resources and starving it into submission
to divide and conquering the two halves of the Confederacy
