A large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government

a pattern or illegal or immoral activities by government officials

a slow breakdown or failure

Roman emperor who, in 330 C.E., moved the capital to Byzantium and later renamed it Constantinople

A picture made up of small pieces of tile, glass, or colored stone.

a pipe or raised channel built to carry water over a long distance

a person trained to write or copy documents by hand

a popular saying meant to express something wise and true

The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus

The economic and political system of medieval Europe in which people exchanged loyalty and labor for a lord's protection

The leader of the Franks from 768 to 814 C.E. who unified most of Europe into a single empire.

land granted by a lord to a casual in exchange for loyalty and service

A peasant who could not leave the lord's land on which he or she was born and worked

the medieval knights's code of ideal behavior, including bravery, loyalty, and respect for woman

a set of spiritual beliefs, values, and practices

to cause a person to suffer because of his or her beliefs

the Christian Church headed by the pope in Rome.

the body of people, such as priests, who perform the sacred functions of a church

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority

a sacred rite of Christian religion

a journey to a holy site

the concept that there is universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking

A brotherhood or sisterhood of monks, nuns, or friars

a written grant of rights and privileges by a ruler or government to a community, class of people, or organization.

an organization of people in the same craft or trade

A person who works for a master in a trade or craft in return for trading

a body of rulings made by judges or very old traditional laws that become part of a nation's legal system.

a written legal agreement signed in 1215 that limited the English monarch's power

the legal concept that an accused person cannot be jailed indefinitely without being charged with a crime

a governing body created by King Edward I of England that included some commoners, Church Officials, and nobles.

A deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas; also called the Black Death

A series of battles fought between France and England from 1337 to 1453

a person who holds beliefs that are contrary to a set of religious reason

the city on the eastern edge of Europe, which Constantine made the capital of the Roman Empire in 330 C.E.

The name for the Eastern Roman Empire located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia; it lasted from about 500 to 1453 CE

A christian religion that developed out of early Christianity int eh Byzantine Empire

in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the bishop of an important city