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Earth Science final review 1

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Subsurface ocean currents continually circulate from the warm waters near the equator to the colder waters in other parts of the world. What is the main cause of these currents? 
a)
differences in the topography along the ocean floor 
b)
differences in density of ocean water 
c)
the rotation of Earth on its axis 
d)
movement of the jet stream 
2.
What is most responsible for the presence of groundwater in an area? 
a)
the movement of water from a confined aquifer into surface water 
b)
the movement of surface water and precipitation through soil and rock
c)
the movement of water from streams and rivers to watersheds
d)
the movement of surface water through impermeable rock 
3.
Which is the most common contamination source for freshwater resources? 
a)
runoff 
b)
digging wells
c)
melting of glaciers
d)
lightning
4.
Metamorphic rocks with a layered or banded look are called —
a)
foliated
b)
unfoliated
c)
striated
d)
evaporated
5.
The breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles without a change in composition is
called..
a)
igneous intrusion
b)
chemical precipitation
c)
mechanical weathering
d)
metamorphic foliation
6.
Which layer of the soil profile would be affected the most by weathering and erosion?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
7.
The major disadvantage of using solar panels to generate electricity is that solar panels —
a)
release toxic fumes into the air
b)
cannot convert energy efficiently
c)
are affected by cloud coverage and day length
d)
produce energy that cannot be stored
8.
Which of the following processes will change a sedimentary rock into an igneous rock?
a)
Melting and crystallization
b)
Erosion and deposition
c)
Deformation and deposition
d)
Faulting and fracturing
9.
Which of the following isn’t a factor/force involved with erosion?
a)
gravity
b)
wind
c)
tension
d)
water
10.
The earth has a variety of _________________ , defined by average temperature, precipitation, humidity, air pressure, and wind, over time in a particular place.
a)
climates
b)
weather
c)
forecasts
d)
problems
11.
The cycling of water in and out of the __________________ (lowest layer of the atmosphere) is a significant aspect of the weather patterns on Earth.
a)
ozone layer
b)
mountains
c)
troposphere
d)
toilet
12.
Some returns to the air by evaporation from the ground or by _________________ from plant leaves.
a)
condensation
b)
percolation
c)
infiltration
d)
transpiration
13.
When runoff from the continents returns to the ocean, one turn of the _______ cycle is completed. Other routes are possible. For example, water that evaporates from the ocean can return to the ocean as rain.
a)
water
b)
rock
c)
butterfly
d)
cloud
14.
The water cycle never _________. The salt water of the ocean supplies fresh water to the continents over and over again.
a)
sleeps
b)
ends
c)
slows
d)
speeds up
15.
Weather is studied and predicted by scientists called __________________. To understand and predict the weather, meteorologist must first understand how the atmosphere heats and cools, how clouds form and produce rain, and what makes the wind blow.
a)
Meteorologists
b)
astronomers
c)
biologists
d)
chemists
16.
Which statement describes the motion of Earth around the sun?
a)
The speed of Earth is constant regardless of its distance from the sun.
b)
The speed of Earth is constant because the distance remains the same between Earth and the sun.
c)
Speed Increases the farther Earth is from the sun and decreases the closer it is to the sun.
d)
Speed increases the closer Earth is to the sun and decreases the farther it is from the sun.
17.

This type of plate boundary shows two plates moving away from each other. Which type of plate boundary is this?

a)

Subduction

b)

Divergent

c)

Convergent

d)

Transform

18.

On a seismograph reading, which is the first wave to arrive at the station?

a)

Primary Waves

b)

Surface Waves

c)

Seconday Waves

19.

In the rock cycle, what happens when sedimentary rock changes into metamorphic rock?

a)

Melting and cooling

b)

Heat and pressure

c)

Weathering and Compaction

d)

None of the above

20.

A plate moving along a fault often causes...

a)

an earthquake

b)

a hurricane

c)

a tornado

21.

Which layer of the earth is the thinnest?

a)

Mantle

b)

Outer Core

c)

Inner Core

d)

Crust

22.
What is the word for magma when it is outside the earth?
a)
iron
b)
lava
c)
rock
d)
fire
23.
What is the name of the theory of how the earth's plates move around on Earth?
a)
Plates
b)
Plate Tectonics
c)
volcanoes
24.

A planet's gravity is related to which of the following?

a)

surface area

b)

weight and density

c)

mass and size

d)

orbit

e)

color

25.

Which process leads a star to glow and produce energy?

a)

gravitational pull

b)

protostar development

c)

nuclear fission

d)

nuclear fusion

e)

battery replacement

26.

Which type of galaxy is the Milky Way?

a)

elliptical

b)

irregular

c)

spiral

d)

satellite

e)

chocolate

27.

Helium in the sun is produced by which of the following processes?

a)

chemical reaction

b)

nuclear fusion

c)

nuclear fission

d)

change of hydrogen from liquid to gas

e)

reverse osmosis

28.

Cracks in rocks widen as water in them freezes and thaws. How does this affect the surface of the Earth?

a)

It reduces the rates of soil formation.

b)

It changes the chemical composition of the rocks. .

c)

It exposes rocks to increased rates of erosion and weathering

d)

It limits the exposure of rocks to acid precipitation.

29.

How can urbanization affect a local area?

a)

It can increase the number of invasive species in an area.

b)

It can decrease the risk of water pollution in an area.

c)

It can increase the risk of flooding in an area.

d)

It can decrease the need for natural resources in an area.

30.

Subsurface ocean currents continually circulate from the warm waters near the equator to the colder waters in other parts of the world. What is the main cause of these currents?

a)

differences in the topography along the ocean floor

b)

differences in density of ocean water

c)

the rotation of Earth on its axis

d)

movement of the jet stream

31.

What is most responsible for the presence of groundwater in an area?

a)

the movement of water from a confined aquifer into surface water

b)

the movement of surface water and precipitation through soil and rock

c)

the movement of water from streams and rivers to watersheds

d)

the movement of surface water through impermeable rock

32.

Which is the most common contamination source for freshwater resources

a)

runoff

b)

digging wells

c)

melting of glaciers

d)

lightning

33.

Which natural phenomenon occurs as a result of Earth rotating on its axis?

a)

movement of tectonic plates

b)

deep ocean currents

c)

seasonal changes

d)

day and night

34.

Urban City X has been referred to as an urban heat island because it tends to be warmer than the surrounding rural areas. The report below lists changes that have occurred in one year in Urban City X.

Report for Urban City X:

• Eight roads were repaved.

• The population increased by 20%.

• Public transportation increased by 5%.

• Four new apartment complexes were built.

• Plans were drafted to build a local park.

• A meeting was held about alternative energy sources.

What is the main cause of Urban City X being an urban heat island?

a)

the planting of trees and other vegetation

b)

the building of rooftop gardens

c)

the installation of solar panels

d)

the construction of parking areas and road systems

35.

What long-term impact could the destruction of large areas of forests have on Earth?

a)

decreased rates of erosion

b)

increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

c)

decreased amounts of acid rain

d)

increased atmospheric oxygen levels

36.

How does the tilt of the Earth’s axis affect the seasons?

a)

by changing the amount of direct solar energy reaching the surface of Earth

b)

by influencing the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the atmosphere

c)

by deflecting the harmful rays of radiation emitted by the sun

d)

by changing the speed of the rotation of Earth

37.

How could the introduction of a nonnative species of plant affect an ecosystem in North Carolina?

a)

It could pollinate the native plant species, producing a disease-resistant species.

b)

It could reduce the competition for space and light with native plant species.

c)

It could take over the habitats of the native plant species.

d)

It could cause some insect species to destroy native plant species.

38.

Which change would best aid a farmer in making the transition from conventional farming techniques to more sustainable farming techniques?

a)

reduce the ratio of essential elements in the fertilizer

b)

irrigate crops using well water

c)

rotate the types of crops grown

d)

plant only genetically modified crops

39.

Which is an effect of lower levels of solar radiation striking Earth?

a)

increased incidences of skin cancer

b)

decreased rates of photosynthesis

c)

increased phytoplankton activity

d)

decreased carbon dioxide levels

40.

Which will most likely occur before a volcanic eruption?

a)

an increase in acid rain production

b)

an increase in earthquake activity

c)

an increase in lava flow

d)

an increase in mud flow

41.

Which statement best describes the ozone layer of Earth?

a)

It helps reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of Earth.

b)

It prevents the formation of severe storms in the stratosphere of Earth.

c)

It increases the amount of nitrogen in the troposphere of Earth.

d)

t forms a magnetic field in the mesosphere of Earth.

42.

How can oil and natural gas be extracted from the earth?

a)

by digging in areas of volcanoes

b)

by drilling deep beneath the ground

c)

by strip-mining in mountainous areas

d)

by removing limestone deposits from the ground

43.
Why are there high and low tides on Earth?
a)
They are due to changes in the moon’s tilt on its axis.
b)
They are due to the gravitational pull between Earth and the moon. 
c)
They are due to the magnetic force between Earth and the moon. 
d)
They are due to changes in the moon’s speed every month. 
44.

Cracks in rocks widen as water in them freezes and thaws. How does this affect the surface of the Earth?

a)

It reduces the rates of soil formation

b)

It changes the chemical composition of the rocks

c)

It exposes rocks to increased rates of erosion and weathering

d)

It limits the exposure of rocks to acid precipitation

45.

How can urbanization affect a local area?

a)

It can increase the number of invasive species in an area

b)

It can decrease the risk of water pollution in an area

c)

It can increase the risk of flooding in an area

d)

It can decrease the need for natural resources in an area

46.

Which is a farming technique that could improve the soil and the environment?

a)

Using fueled machines that will turn the soil continuously

b)

Creating undisturbed layers of mulch in the soil

c)

Placing inorganic chemical fertilizers in the soil

d)

Irrigating the soil with salty water

47.

Subsurface ocean currents continually circulate from the warm waters near the equator to the colder waters in other parts of the world. What is the main cause of these currents?

a)

Differences in the topography along the ocean floor

b)

Differences in density of ocean water

c)

The rotation of Earth on its axis

d)

Movement of the jet stream

48.

What is most responsible for the presence of groundwater in an area?

a)

The movement of water from a confined aquifer into surface water

b)

The movement of surface water and precipitation through soil and rock

c)

The movement of water from streams and rivers to watersheds

d)

The movement of surface water through impermeable rock

49.

A community decides to upgrade its water purification and management systems. What lasting impact could this have on available freshwater?

a)

It could cause a decrease in water demand

b)

It could cause a decrease in the water levels

c)

It could cause an increase in waterborne diseases

d)

It could cause an increase in the freshwater supply

50.

Which storm most likely develops as air masses interact with the warm water in the northwest Pacific Ocean?

a)

Typhoon

b)

Tornado

c)

Blizzard

d)

Monsoon

51.

Which is associated with an increase of chlorofluorocarbons in the environment?

a)

An increase in health risks associated with UV radiation

b)

An increase in levels of methane gas in the atmosphere

c)

An increase in ozone levels in the upper atmosphere

d)

An increase in acid precipitation

52.

Why is it important to conserve the biodiversity of Earth?

a)

To decrease the amount of global predator populations

b)

To decrease the stability of major global ocean currents

c)

To increase the stability of ecosystems during environmental changes

d)

To increase the amount of nonrenewable resources located in the lithosphere

53.

Which change would best aid a farmer in making the transition from conventional farming techniques to more sustainable farming techniques?

a)

Reduce the ratio of essential elements in the fertilizer

b)

Irrigate crops using well water

c)

Rotate the types of crops grown

d)

Plant only genetically modified crops

54.

Which is an effect of lower levels of solar radiation striking Earth?

a)

Increased incidences of skin cancer

b)

Decreased rates of photosynthesis

c)

Increased phytoplankton activity

d)

Decreased carbon dioxide levels

55.

Which is the best way to conserve worldwide freshwater resources?

a)

Build more roads and highways for cars and trucks

b)

Increase the amount of land used to raise cattle

c)

Develop more modern coal-powered plants

d)

Use more efficient irrigation techniques