term applied to expansion or compression of a gas occurring without a gain or loss of heat

two strips of different metals, such as one of brass and one or iron, welded or riveted together in one strip

the change of phase from liquid to a gas that occur beneath the surface of the liquid. The gas forms bubbles that rise to the surface and escape

unit of heat. One calorie is the heat required to raise one gram of water one Celsius degree

The ideal maximum percentage of input energy that can be converted to work in a heat engine

a temperature scales with 0 as the melt-freeze temperature and 100 as the boil-condense temperature of water at standard pressure

the change of phase of a gas into a liquid; the opposite of evaporation

In heat, energy transfer from particle to particle within certain materials or from one material to another when they are in direct contact

material through which heat can be transferred

a means of heat transfer by movement of the heated substance itself, such as by currents in a fluid

a measure of the amount of disorder in a system

the change from a liquid to gas that takes place at the surface of the liquid

a temperature scales with 32 as the melt-freeze temperature and 212 as the boil-condense temperature of water at standard pressure

heat added to a system is transformed to an equal amount of some other form of energy; a version of the law of conservation of energy

change in phase from a liquid to a solid

the warming effect whose cause is short-wavelength radiant energy from the sun that can enter the atmosphere and can be absorbed by Earth more easily than long-wavelength energy from Earth can leave

energy transfer from one object to another because of temperature difference

a device that changes internal energy to mechanical work

a device that moves heat

a material that is a poor conductor of heat and that delays the transfer of heat

the total energy stored in the atoms and molecules within a substance

SI unit of temperature

a temperature scale whose zero is assigned to the lowest temperature possible. There are no negatives

unit of heat. One kilocalorie equals 1000 calories

the rate of cooling of an object-whether by conduction, convection or radiation-is approximately proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings

one of the four possible forms of matter

energy transmitted by electromagnetic waves

any energy, including heat, light and x-rays, that is transmitted by radiation. It occurs in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

a ratio between how much water vapor is in the air and the maximum amount of water vapor that could be in the air at the same temperature

the phenomenon of ice melting under pressure and freezing again when pressure is reduced

term applied to a substance, such as air, that contains the maximum amount of another substance, such as water vapor, at a given temperature and pressure

heat will never of itself flow from one object to another of higher temperature

the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree Celsius

radiant energy emitted by the stars

the property of a material that tells how warm or cold it is relative to some standard. IN a ideal gas, the molecular kinetic energy per molecule

the state of two or more objects or substances in thermal contact such that is possible for heat to flow from one object to another

the state of two or more objects or substances in thermal contact when they have reached the same temperature

radiant energy emitted by the Earth

the study of heat and its transformation to mechanical energy

a type of valve or switch that responds to changes in temperature and that is used to control the temperature of something