WorksheetsWestern Midterm Review
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 45mins
Choose all that apply: Which of the following is true about the geography of Ancient Greece?
access to the sea allowed for trade
mountains made communities develop independently from one another
rich farmland and fertile soil made Ancient Greece wealthy
the mild climate promoted outdoor activities
Who was Homer?
the most powerful Mycenaean king
the leader of the Greek gods
a poet who composed ancient epics
the greatest of the ancient heroes of Greek mythology
What did the Greeks believe about their gods?
they had little impact on human life
they always appeared in the form of animals
they considered humans to be worthless slaves
they possessed human qualities and weaknesses
Who has the power in a monarchy?
wealthy merchants
religious leaders
a heredity king
the people
What was a tyrant?
wealthy landowners who used land and money to hold power
dictators who seized power and were supported by the military
powerful individuals who gained control by appealing to the poor
small groups of wealthy merchants who used trade to gain power
A democracy is ruled by:
hereditary monarchs
the citizens
a small group of wealthy merchants
military officers
Why did the Persians invade Greece, starting the Persian Wars?
Athenians helped Greek colonies revolt against Persia
Spartans insulted the Persian king
Persians feared the growing power of the Greeks
Persians wanted access to the vast natural resources in Greece
Athens was different from Sparta because Athens:
emphasized military skill and discipline
depended on slave labor, whereas Sparta had no slaves
emphasized creativity and imagination
had a limited democracy while Sparta was a direct democracy
How did the Delian League affect ancient Greece?
as treasurer, Athens was given power over the League's money
other city-states feared the way that the League increased Sparta's power
the League was full of Persian spies, who helped bring down the alliance
the League created a permanent alliance between Athens and Sparta
Why could comedies have only been produced in a democracy?
citizens had to vote on which plays would be performed
plays were co-authored by members of the government
citizens in a democracy had the freedom to mock and criticize their leaders
most tyrants preferred tragedies
The philosopher Socrates believed:
people should question their lives and beliefs
there was no universal version of truth
the ideal society would be ruled by a philosopher
in logic and the modern scientific method
What was Alexander the Great's legacy in the ancient world?
the Persian empire was reborn as a major military force
he created a unified Macedonian empire and started a long period of peace
Athens and Sparta reached new heights of success and prosperity
the spread of Greek culture throughout Asia and Africa
What was Hellenistic culture?
a blend of Greek and Chinese ideas and beliefs that emerged as a result of trade along the Silk Road
blending of Greek, Persian, Indian and Egyptian culture that spread throughout the Middle East as a result of Alexander's conquests
a new culture of Greek city-states that formed after Greek's gained independence from Alexander's forces
mix of Indian and Egyptian religious beliefs that became popular in Greece after Alexander's death
Who rules in a republic?
citizens elect representatives
a small minority with the support of the military
the upper classes rule based on wealth
a powerful military dictator
Why did Romans believe that they had a "balanced" government?
the gov. had the best parts of a monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy
the gov. was ruled by a powerful king with absolute authority
the common people of Rome had great power when making political decisions
the military force of the city ran the government
The setup of the Roman Republic was designed to:
wipe out Christianity
make Julius Caesar king of the Romans
make it easy for one man to have all the power
make it impossible for one man to have all the power
What was the language of the Romans?
Roman
Etruscan
Romulan
Latin
Why was Caesar assassinated?
his policies took rights away from the poor
many nobles and senators feared his growing power
he launched unsuccessful campaigns in Gaul
all of the above
Why is Octavian important?
he was the adopted heir of Julius Caesar who became the first Roman emperor
he was a member of the 2nd Triumvirate who fell in love with Cleopatra of Egypt
he was a former ally of Caesar who helped assassinate him
he was the leader of the senators who assassinated Caesar
What does "augustus" mean?
friendship
holiness
exalted one
happy ruler
During the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire:
endured repeated invasions by barbarians
enjoyed a long period of peace
suffered from social, political and economic turmoil
shrank in size and wealth
Choose all that apply: How did Roman culture spread throughout the Empire?
Rome's trade network fostered the exchange of goods and ideas
Rome's excellent system of roads made travel easy
the Roman army employed people from conquered land to build cities
Roman soldiers forced conquered territories to adopt their cultures
The Roman Empire lasted so long in spite of occasional bad emperors because it was:
united by a single religious system that every Roman was required to follow
safe from attack by enemies who lived outside of the empire
largely run by an efficient and well-organized bureaucracy
a center of science, learning, music and impressive artwork
Civil war and crisis were possible every time a Roman emperor died because:
there was no clear law of succession, so powerful people could fight for control of the empire
it would take a long time for a new emperor to be elected by the people
foreign armies would take the opportunity to attack Rome
trade would slow down, leading to poverty
Choose all that apply: Why was Christianity appealing to people in the Roman Empire?
it gave hope to the weak and powerless
it offered a personal relationship with a loving God
it promised eternal life after death in God's heavenly kingdom
it excluded the poor and slaves
Choose all that apply: What factors contributed to the decline of the Roman empire?
loss of gold and silver as well as high taxes
military weakness due to reliance on mercenaries (hired soldiers)
overused and exhausted farmland, which led to food shortages
a dramatic increase in population
What kind of political problems contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire?
constant elections of consuls meant nothing could get done
constant assassinations of emperors and frequent civil war
constant bickering between political factions in the Senate
constant vetoing by the tribunes of all legislation
What is a concept upon which Roman law was based?
a person is guilty until proven innocent
the power of the government over its citizens is absolute
there should be very severe punishments for even minor crimes
the law should guarantee that all citizens be treated equally
What were the major legacies of the Roman Empire?
developments in philosophy, drama and architecture
developments in philosophy, art, and poetry
developments in engineering, law and language
developments in fine art, religion and drama
The eastern half of the Roman empire was different from the west because the eastern half:
spoke Greek and had more cities and wealth than the west
was covered in mountains and forests, while the west was mostly desert
was smaller in population and had no cities or centers of population
was ruled by the Church rather than politicians or generals
The Byzantine Empire was responsible for preserving:
the learning and discoveries of Greeks and Romans
the Viking alphabet
the Christian religion
the Russian alphabet
During which years did Europe experience the Middle Ages (aka medieval period, aka Dark Ages)?
the birth of Jesus to the fall of Rome
500 CE - 1500 CE
500 BCE - 500 CE
fall of Byzantine empire to Industrial Revolution
Choose all that apply: Which was a result of the Germanic invasions of Europe after the fall of Rome?
the disruption of trade
a decline in learning
the establishment of a common language
the migration of the population away from cities to rural areas
What does secular mean?
spiritual & religious
worldly, non-religious
related to the military
artistic or creative
What held feudal society together during the Middle Ages?
mutual obligations between social classes and loyalty to the Church
loyalty to country and strong central governments
a strong connection to the heritage of ancient Rome and a thriving economy
the laws of Rome and trade with Muslim communities
What was feudalism based on?
ownership of land
a complex banking system
international trade
supply and demand
Choose all that apply: Feudalism accomplished which of the following?
it helped create order within medieval society
it forced soldiers to pledge loyalty to a lord, keeping them under control
it provided a system of defense against invaders such as Vikings
it strengthened kings' authority over their subjects
Chivalry was:
a set of rules for behavior that knights were expected to follow
the rules that governed tournaments between knights
the procedure for attacking a fortified castle
the style of poetry favored by court musicians
What role did the Church play in the Middle Ages?
it led to isolation among people as they withdrew into monasteries
it served as a unifying force in a time of warfare and division
it helped to unify all of Western Europe under a powerful military leader
it had very little effect on the daily lives of most people
Canon law was:
the rules that members of the Catholic Church had to follow
banishment from the Church
a set of important religious ceremonies
the ability of a king to appoint bishops
How did Gothic cathedrals differ from Romanesque churches?
Gothic cathedrals were taller and brighter
Gothic cathedrals were built by kings while the Church built Romanesque churches
Gothic cathedrals were much less expensive to build than Romanesque churches
Gothic cathedrals were built mainly in England
Choose all that apply: What were significant problems in the Catholic church during the Middle Ages?
simony (selling church positions)
marriage of priests
lay investiture
the dispersal of Jews from Judea
Choose all that apply: What were the causes of the Crusades?
lords wanted to send away quarrelsome knights
knights wanted to gain land and property abroad
the Byzantine Empire asked the Christian kingdoms of Europe for help fighting the Muslim Turks
Muslim armies invaded France and captured Paris
What was the goal of the Crusades?
spread Christianity in Asia
improve trade between Europe and Asia
to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks
force the Byzantines to adopt Roman customs
What was an effect of the Crusades?
new technology and knowledge of Greece and Rome was brought back to Europe from the Middle East
kings became weaker as the power of the nobles increased
the power and prestige of the pope increased due to the success of the Crusades
trade between Europe and Asia declined
What were the effects of increased food production in Europe during the late Middle Ages?
the population increased
people ate more varied and nutritious foods
people were better able to resist disease
all of the above
What were towns in medieval Europe like?
they reinforced the feudal class system in Europe
they were built according to careful plans and guidelines
they became the largest and most populated places in the world
though small, they became a focus for trade and challenged the feudal class system
Excommunication is:
a set of rules and regulations for believers in the Catholic Church
banishment from the Church
a set of important religious ceremonies
the ability of a king to appoint bishops
What is the significance of the Magna Carta?
it reinforced the idea that a king has absolute power over his subjects
it limited the power of the king and guaranteed certain political rights to citizens
it increased the amount of military service nobles owed to their king
it exempted the Catholic Church from paying taxes to the king
Choose all that apply: What were effects of the plague?
falling populations meant fewer workers were available
the manor system crumbled because peasants wanted higher wages
people developed a pessimistic view of the world
trade increased and prices decreased
What effect did the Crusades have on Italian city-states?
the military defeats weakened these cities
these cities got rich selling supplies and providing transportation for Crusaders
most city-states were burned to the ground during the conflict
all were captured by Muslim forces
Renaissance means:
rebuilding
rebirth
later period
awakening
What was revived during the Renaissance?
art and learning
Christianity
persecution of heretics
chivalry and tournaments
The art of the Renaissance emphasized:
Greco-Roman mythology
Christian subject matter
humanist themes
all of the above
What was significant about Aristarchus, Eratosthenes, and Archimedes?
they were scientists that developed their theories in Ancient Greece
all proved that math could help draw conclusions about the physical world
many of their ideas were disregarded or forgotten during the medieval era
all of the above
What did the First and Second Triumvirates have in common?
they were alliances between influential political figures in Ancient Rome
they crumbled due to competition for power among their members
they each had a member that ascended to power and became dictator
all of the above
Why was Jesus executed?
he encouraged open rebellion against the emperor
to be Christian was illegal in the early Roman empire
he set up his own kingdom and declared himself ruler
his teachings challenged the gods and the authority of the emperor
Why was Diocletian important?
he split the Roman Empire in half in order to slow the decline
he created a law code that protected the rights of the poor
he legalized Christianity and stopped the persecution of Christians
he was the first Pope
Choose all that apply: What do Americans use Latin for today?
legal language
medical and anatomical terms
scientific classifications of plants and animals
traffic terms
What effect did the Great Schism, the Bubonic Plague, and the 100 Years War have on medieval Europe?
they decreased the power of the Church
they led to the break-up of the Catholic Church
they increase the power of the Church
they led to the Crusades
Choose all that apply: How did the 100 Years War mark the end of the medieval period?
weapons like longbows went against the rules of chivalry
nationalism increased as people fought for their countries
the war increased the population
the war prevented the spread of the bubonic plague
The philosophy that focused on people and their potential is called:
secularism
perspective
classicism
humanism
What was a Renaissance man?
someone who enjoyed worldly pleasures
someone who excelled in many areas of study
someone who specialized in a particular field of study
someone who did not allow science to interfere with religious belief
How did Renaissance art differ from medieval art?
Renaissance art was more realistic
Renaissance art focused exclusively on medieval themes
medieval art was more realistic
medieval art used religious themes, but Renaissance art did not
What was the artistic technique known as Classicism?
focus on ancient Greek and Roman subject matter
portraying objects and people at the appropriate size in a painting
focus on small details in paintings
portraying an anatomically correct version of the human body
In art, what is perspective used for?
creating hilarious plays
creating sculptures that will stand on their own
creating the appearance of three dimensions in a two dimensional painting
creating accurate poetic sonnets
Choose all that apply: What were Renaissance women expected to do?
be witty and charming
inspire art with their beauty
seek fame and power
know their history and the classics
Michelangelo was:
a ruler of Florence who patronized artists
an explorer who brought Chinese technology back to Europe
the painter of "The School of Athens"
the painter who painted the inside of the Sistine Chapel
Why is Leonardo da Vinci described as the ideal Renaissance man?
he was a soldier, king, and patron of the arts
he was a painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist
he lived in Italy in the 1700s
he used perspective in all his drawings and paintings
How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance?
in the North, they focused more on religious themes
in the North, they focused less on religious themes
in the north there was a greater focus on Greek and Roman myths
in the north, many patrons were Church officials
Choose all that apply: How did Shakespeare show Renaissance influences in his work?
he wrote in Latin
he wrote in the vernacular
his characters express a high (positive) view of human nature
he wrote stories about Greek and Roman history
Johann Gutenburg:
invented the printing press
brought Chinese printing technology to Europe
was a German prince who patronized artists
was the greatest German Renaissance playwright
Choose all that apply: What was an effect of the printing press?
people began to read the Bible for themselves and became more critical of the Church
books became cheap enough that many people could buy them
an increase in literacy and writing in local languages
renewed interest in the study of Greek or Latin
What caused Martin Luther to write the 95 Theses?
outrage over illiteracy among Church officials
belief that he must challenge the domination of the church by the pope
anger over the sale of indulgences
concerns about the exploitation of the poor by the Church
What is NOT one of Martin Luther's beliefs?
only faith in God can get a person into Heaven, not good behavior
all Church teachings should be based on what is in the Bible
the pope is the supreme ruler over all Christians
people of the faith were equal and did not need priests to speak to God on their behalf
What is the term for a pardon that excuses someone from the penalties for committing a sin?
annul
indulgence
recant
construe
Who founded (created) the Jesuits?
Matthew Zell
Ignatius of Loyola
St. Bartholomew
Marguerite of Navarre
Why did English king Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church?
he opposed the Church's sale of indulgences
he no longer wished to pay taxes to the Church
he was upset by how the Church treated Martin Luther
he needed a male heir, but the Pope refused to grant him a divorce from his wife
Calvin, Luther and Henry VIII all"
were rulers of European nations
rejected the authority of the Catholic Church
fought wars against the Ottoman Turks
founded important universities in Europe
What was the goal of the Catholic Reformation?
to educate people in the Catholic faith and recruit them back into the Church
to build roads, canals and other economic improvements in Italy
to convert non-Christians to Protestantism
to stop the spread of Catholicism in Europe
Choose all that apply: What was the legacy of the Reformation?
it ended religious unity in Europe
it led to an expansion of literacy and education
it strengthened national monarchs who benefited from a decline in Church power
it dramatically improved the status of women in Europe
The Scientific Revolution was a period of time in which:
people began to create new political theories
people developed new forms of the Christian religion
people questioned the natural world and established beliefs
people began to try new techniques in creating art and architecture
Copernicus:
developed the theory of gravity
was the father of analytical geometry
invented the telescope
theorized that the earth revolved around the sun
The geocentric theory says:
the earth revolves around the sun
the sun revolves around the earth
the sun is 200 times larger than the earth
the earth is flat
What do Galileo, Copernicus and Newton have in common?
they proposed theories that turned out to be incorrect
they argued that people should focus on religious explanations for natural occurrences
they challenged accepted beliefs about the natural world
they were arrested by church officials for teaching against the church
What do the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment have in common?
they challenged established belief systems
they led to sweeping social changes
they occurred within roughly the same centuries
all of the above
Choose all that apply: Which is a true statement about Thomas Hobbes and John Locke?
they both used the idea of human nature to analyze human societies
they both viewed humans as naturally good
they both believed that the ideal type of government was a direct democracy
they both were influenced by political events in England
Choose all that apply: What were the effects of the Enlightenment?
belief in progress and the ability of mankind to improve itself
increased religious faith
the American and French revolutions
increased emphasis on the importance of the individual
Why did the middle class like Enlightenment ideas?
Enlightenment ideas about government would give them more rights
they wanted to increase the influence of religion on government
they wanted to divide their riches among the poor
they were supporters of absolute monarchies
Montesquieu was best known for:
suggesting that humans were naturally nasty
suggesting that checks and balances and separation of power made a more effective government
arguing for the elimination of torture and the death penalty
creating the idea of a "social contract" in which people trade freedom for security
