WorksheetsKidney Review Y13
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 39mins
Peritoneal dialysis patients may do dialysis at home.
True
False
What does dialysis do?
Removes waste, salt and extra water from the body
Helps to control blood pressure
Regulates the body's fluid balance
All of the above
A person usually needs dialysis when kidney function is less than ______
50%
25%
15%
45%
What is the average amount of time spent per HD session at the dialysis clinic?
1-2 hours
30-45 minutes
6-8 hours
3-4 hours
On average, how many times a week do people need HD?
Every day
3 times per week
2 times per week
1 time per week
On average, how many times a week do people need PD?
Every night
3 times per week
2 times per week
1 times per week
How many dialysis treatments can you miss and stay in good health?
None
Two
Five
Ten
I can eat or drink whatever I want on dialysis
True
False
After someone has a kidney transplant, they never need dialysis again
True
False
ADH is released by the pituitary gland when....
The blood is too concentrated
The blood has the same osmolarity as urine
The blood is too dilute
The blood is too weak
more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules
When less ADH is released
When more ADH is released
When more urea is released
When less urea is released
Why is COUNTERCURRENT of blood flow & dialysate important in haemodialysis therapy?
To ensure better flow of blood compartment & dialysate compartment.
To stabilize patient's blood pressure during dialysis.
To reduce infection in pt.
To maintain high concentration gradient between blood & dialysate compartment.
Structure C is known as the...
PCT
Bowman's capsule
Glomerulus
DCT
Structures B and C are the site of...
selective reabsorption
ultrafiltration
water reabsorption
macrofiltration
To enter the Bowman's capsule, fluid from the blood crosses (in the correct order)...
epithelium of Bowman's capsule, basement membrane, capillary endothelium
capillary endothelium, epithelium of Bowman's capsule, basement membrane
arteriole endothelium, basement membrane, epithelium of Bowman's capsule
capillary endothelium, basement membrane, epithelium of Bowman's capsule
Where does selective reabsorption take place?
E
D
B
G
Which part of the following is responsible for the filtration in ultrafiltration?
podocytes
basement membrane
capillary endothelium
epithelium of Bowman's capsule
Which substances are selectively reabsorbed in the PCT?
all glucose and amino acids, most water, some ions
most glucose, amino acids & water plus some ions
all glucose, most amino acids & water, some ions
all glucose, amino acids, ions and some water
Which of these is responsible for establishing the concentration gradient needed for the selective reabsorption of glucose and amino acids?
co transporter protein
osmotic gradient
sodium-potassium pump
sodium-calcium pump
How is the lining of the PCT adapted for selective reabsorption?
thin layer - short diffusion distance
microvilli - large surface area
partially permeable
Where is the Loop of Henle?
F
G
D
E
Which of the following statements is true?
The dscending limb is impermeable to water
The ascending limb is permeable to water
The ascending limb is impermeable to water
The main aim of the Loop of Henle is...
to decrease the water potential in the medulla
to increase the water potential in the medulla
to decrease the water potential in the cortex
to increase the water potential in the cortex
Recall where in the nephron reabsorption of water using a counter current system occurs.
Collecting duct
Bowman's capsule
Loop of Henle
Urethra
Recall which hormone controls the levels of water reabsorbed from the collecting ducts.
Testosterone
Anti-diuretic hormone
Adrenaline
Progesterone
State what urine is a combination of
Faecal matter
Water
Blood
Salts
Urea
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is released by which gland of the endocrine system
Thyroid
Pituitary
Ovaries
Adrenal
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) affects the permeability of which section of the nephron tubules
Proximal (first) convoluted/coiled tubual
Loop of Henle
Distal (second) convoluted/coiled tubual
Collecting duct
Osmoregulation is...
Maintaining a high water potential of the blood, despite changes in the level of water and salt intake
Maintaining a low water potential of the blood, despite changes in the level of water and salt intake
Maintaining a constant water potential of the blood, despite changes in the level of water and salt intake
The function of the Loop of Henle is to...
Create urine which is isotonic to the blood
Create urine which is hypertonic to the blood
Create urine which is hypotonic to the blood
The inner layer of Bowman's capsule is made up of highly specialised cells called...
Renal epithelial cells
Basement membrane cells
Podocytes
The main role of the DCT is to
Make final adjustments to the water and salts that are reabsorbed and to control the pH of the blood
Make final adjustments to the water and salts that are reabsorbed and to control the pH of the blood
Make final adjustments to the water and salts that are reabsorbed and to lower the pH of the blood
During ultrafiltration, glomerular filtrate passes...
through podocyte cells
through the cells lining the outer wall of Bowman's capsule
between podocyte cells
Cells lining the PCT have
Many mitochondria to provide ATP for active transport
Microvilli to provide a large surface area to transfer reabsorbed substances into blood capillaries
infoldings at their bases to give a large surface area to transfer reabsorbed substances into blood capillaries
a high number of lysosomes to break down waste materials
The counter-current multiplier mechansism in the loop of Henle ensures
there is always a water potential gradient drawing water out of the descending limb
there is always a water potential gradient drawing water out of the ascending limb
there is always a water potential gradient drawing water out of the PCT
there is always a water potential gradient drawing water out of the DCT
Water passing out of the collecting duct by osmosis does so through
channel proteins called aquaporins
carrier proteins called aquaporins
In the loop of Henle, counter-current flow means that...
glomerular filtrate in the collecting duct with a lower water potential meets interstitial fluid (tissue fluid in medulla), with an higher water potential
glomerular filtrate in the collecting duct with a lower water potential meets interstitial fluid (tissue fluid in medulla), with an even lower water potential
glomerular filtrate in the collecting duct with a lower water potential meets interstitial fluid (tissue fluid in medulla), with the same water potential
The likely order of the relative length of the LOH from longest to smallest is:
human, beaver, desert rat
beaver, human, desert rat
desert rat, human, beaver
human, desert rat, beaver
The cells in the hypothalamus that detect a fall in water potential (by shrinking) and trigger the release of ADH from the pituitary gland are called
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Osmoreceptors
Target cells for ADH are
Cells of the PCT
Cells of Bowman's Capsule
Cells of the collecting duct
None of the above
Exercising intensely for 30 minutes would cause
More ADH to be secreted into the blood
Less ADH to be secreted into the blood
Why does the concentration of urea in glomerular filtrate increase as it passes through the LOH, DCT and collecting duct?
Urea diffuses into the blood in the PCT
Water is reabsorbed into the blood
Sodium is reabsorbed into the blood
Urea diffuses into glomerular filtrate
The concentration of proteins in a sample of glomerular filtrate is 0.0625% of their concentration in blood plasma. If the concentration of proteins in the blood plasma is 80gdm-3, calculate their concentration in glomerular filtrate
0.005 gdm-1
0.5 gdm-1
0.0005 gdm-1
0.05 gdm-1
