The diagram shows a circuit. Solid X makes the lamp light. What is solid X?

Large hydrocarbons can be .….X….. to make smaller, more useful molecules. Small molecules can be …..Y….. to make long molecules.

What are X and Y?

Carbon is used in the extraction of some metals from their ores because

1 carbon forms strong alloys with metals,

2 carbon reacts with oxygen in the ore.

Which of these statements are correct?

Dilute sulphuric acid is added to antacid tablets in the apparatus shown.

The limewater turns milky. What do the antacid tablets contain?

An increase in the world’s population increases the demand for food. Which industrial process helps to increase food production?

A student uses the apparatus shown to find out how many different pigments are in leaves.

What is this separation method called?

Which of the following is a solid fossil fuel?

The diagrams show an investigation into the conditions needed for rusting of iron nails. The nails in tubes 1 and 2 rust within a few days.

Which conditions are required for rusting?

Which ion gives a white precipitate both with aqueous sodium hydroxide and with aqueous ammonia?

An ice cube is gently warmed as shown. Which process is taking place?

A solid has a giant structure. It does not conduct electricity but does so when it is dissolved in water. What could the solid be?

The diagram shows a metal being extracted from its powdered ore. What happens to the ore in this reaction?

Limestone and common salt are important minerals. For which process are both minerals suitable starting materials?

A man spills ink on his polyester shirt. The table shows the solubility of ink and of polyester in four solvents. Which solvent should be used to remove the ink?

The table shows the pH values of four solutions. Which solution produces an exothermic reaction when mixed with a dilute acid?

Nitrogen from the air is used to manufacture the fertiliser ammonium sulphate. Why is a catalyst needed during this process?

Which diagram represents an alloy?

A measuring cylinder is used to measure the volume of a liquid. What is the volume of the liquid?

In an experiment on rusting, pieces of iron were kept under four different conditions. They were weighed at regular intervals.

The diagram shows a sack containing a mixture of three minerals. Which element is not present in the mixture?

Heating a metal compound in a Bunsen flame turns the flame green. Which metal ion is present in the compound?

Which process produces molecules with longer chains?

The diagram shows part of a polymer molecule.

The table shows the name and formula of four metal ores. Which metal ores contain two different metals?

Compound X is an important industrial raw material. Products obtained from the electrolysis of its concentrated aqueous solution include:

• a gas that bleaches damp litmus paper,

• a gas that ignites with a pop,

• an alkali.

What is compound X?

How may the compounds in chlorophyll be separated?

A fuel used for cooking food is the hydrocarbon …X… that burns in an …Y… reaction. Which words correctly complete gaps X and Y?

The table shows the results of adding three metals, X, Y and Z, to water and to dilute hydrochloric acid. What is the order of reactivity of the three metals? Most reactive first.

An element X has a high melting point and its oxide, X₂O₃, is coloured. How are X and X₂O₃ described?