Society that developed in the eastern Roman Empire after the west fall

Pictures made with pieces of colored stone or glass

Period of history between ancient and modern times that lasted from 500 until 1500

Religious war

style of architecture known for its high pointed ceilings, tall towers, and stained glass windows

System of exchanging land for military services

large estate owned by a noble or a knight

country united under a single strong government

Period of creativity and new ideas that swept Europe from about 1350 through the 1500s.

Italian cities that became rich through trade during and after the crusades

A new way of thinking and learning that emphasized the abilities and accomplishments of human beings

religious reform movement that began with complaints about problems within the Catholic Church

Christians who split from the Catholic Church over religious issues

Series of reforms launched by Catholic Church officials