WorksheetsPsychology AS 9990
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing underlying reasons in behaviour.
Case Study
Experiments
Observational
Correlational
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
Experiments
Case Study
Survey
Observational
What is replication?
cloning the scientist who first did an experiment
doing an experiment for the first time
doing an experiment again and getting different results
Doing an experiment again and getting the same results
What is a target population?
the whole group you want to study or describe
the population that is practicing sports
population inside the classroom
part of the group you want to study or describe
What is a sample in research?
the whole target population
a piece of food you get to try
an educated guess
only part of the target population
The Naturalistic-Observation Method takes place...
on a computer
in a house
in the field
in a lab
_______________ _____________ are conducted in the participants natural environment and the researcher has no control over the IV, the IV occurred naturally.
Field exp.
Natural exp.
Lab exp.
Case study
_______________ _________________ are conducted in a real life setting. The researcher manipulates the IV, but the participants are in their natural setting.
Natural exp.
Field exp.
Lab exp.
Case study
___________ _________ is high when confounding variables have been controlled and we are quite certain that it was the change in the IV that caused the change in the DV.
External validity
Population validity
Internal validity
Ecological validity
___________ ___________ __________ involves random allocation of participants into groups and a comparison b/w these groups.
Repeated measures design
Matched pair design
Independent measures design
Correlational measures design
In_____________ _______________you recruit participants that are more easily available.
Self-selected sampling
Opportunity sampling
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
What are two methods of self-reports?
tests and interviews
experiments and questionnaires
interviews and questionnaires
case studies and experiments
_____________ ____________ are variables that can potentially distort the relationship between the IV and the DV.
Target population
Confounding variables
Matching variables
Target variables
In __________ __________ every member of the target population has an equal chance of becoming part of the sample.
Stratified sampling
Random sampling
Opportunity sampling
Self-selected sampling
What type of experiment is carried out in the Canli et al. study?
field experiment
laboratory experiment
natural experiment
quasi experiment
What type of research method does Canli et al. use in this study?
independent measures design
random measures design
repeated measures design
matched pairs design
What is the independent variable in the Canli et al study?
the # of images "remembered", "familiar", or "forgotten"
how emotional the participants rated each image (0-3)
the number of seconds P's spent looking at each image
the # of pixels activated in each P's amygdala in fMRI scan
How many participants in Canli et al.?
9
10
11
14
For how long was each scene viewed in Canli et al.?
1.77 seconds
12.96 seconds
2.88 seconds
14.87 seconds
Prior to the study the scenes were rated in terms of their (Canli et al.)
valence and anger
salience and aggression
salience and arousal
valence and arousal
Three weeks later they were shown (Canli et al.)
96 original scenes + 48 foils
96 new scenes
48 foils
48 original scenes and 96 foils
One of the weaknesses of this study is that (Canli et al.)
there were few controls
it took place in a natural environment
the measures used are difficult to interpret
it lacks mundane realism
What is not an aim of the study (Dement and Kleitman)?
Where the dream recall differs between REM and nREM sleep.
If men have more REM dreams than women.
Whether dreams happen in real time.
If eye movement patterns related to dream content.
Who were the participants of the study (Dement and Kleitman)?
3 men and 6 women
7 women and 2 men.
3 dogs, 2 goats and a kitten.
2 women and 7 men.
What does an EEG measure (Dement and Kleitman)?
Brain activity.
Body movement.
Eye movement and brain activity.
Eye movement and activity.
What were the participants not allowed to have on the day of the experiment (Dement and Kleitman)?
Caffeine.
Caffeine and alcohol.
Alcoholl.
Sugar and dairy products
How were the participants woken up (Dement and Kleitman)?
Alarm clock.
Loud doorbell.
By the experimenter.
Naturally.
What is a weakness of the study (Dement and Kleitman)?
Small sample size.
Two forgot to not have caffeine.
One participant tested positive for drugs in his system.
A pigeon flew into the lab at night.
Describe the sample (Schachter and Singer)
184 male students, from University of Minneapolis
148 male students, from University of Minnesota
184 male students, from University of Minnesota
183 male students, from University of Minnesota
What was the incentive to participate in the study (Schachter and Singer)?
There was none
2 extra credit points given per hour they participated
2 extra credit points given for participation
3 extra credit points given per hour they participated
How many results were excluded and why (Schachter and Singer)?
16 results were excluded
11 were suspicious of stooge 4 had no reaction to the shot
11 had no reaction to the shot 5 were suspicious of stooge
11 were suspicious of stooge 5 had no reaction to the shot
What were participants asked in the self report (Schachter and Singer)
If they knew what the injection was
If they suspected anything
How good or happy they felt
How angry they felt
What was a weakness of the sampling method (Schachter and Singer)
Low generalisability because the sample was all young males
Low generalisability because the sample was small
Low generalisability because the sample was all old males
Low generalisability because the sample was all females
What were the symptoms of epi misinformed (Schachter and Singer)?
itching
headache
numbness in hands
coughing
What experimental method was used in the Andrade (Doodling) study.
Field
Natural
Laboratory
Case Study
What was the Dependent Variable of the Andrade (Doodling) study?
Accuracy of memory recall
Doodling vs No Doodling
Accuracy of shading
Free Doodling vs Doodling Shapes
The tape that the Participant's were asked to listen to lasted for (Andrade)
2.5 seconds
2.5 minutes
25 seconds
25 minutes
When the tape was finished, the researcher took the P's sheet and talked to them for (Andrade)
30 seconds
35 seconds
1 minute
10 minutes
Only _____ Participants suspected a memory test. (Andrade)
3
5
7
10
To ensure boredom for this experiment (Andrade)
the recording was in a monotonous tone
the participants were recruited at the end of another study
the recording was 2.5 minutes and contained a lot of info
all other responses are correct
Names of those who could not attend or names not mentioned in the script were coded as (Andrade)
correct responses
plausible mishearings
false alarms
wrong answer
1 reason why it's impossible to determine if doodling improved memory, or affected attention is (Andrade)
the doodling activity was not absent-minded enough
many control participants also doodled
there was no proper measure of daydreaming
there was a Participant in the doodling condition who did not doodle
Foils was a term used to describe... (Baron-Cohen et al.)
The correct answer in the eyes test
The wrong answers in the eyes test
The word opposite of the correct answer
A word meaning the same as the answer
What methods were used in this experiment (Baron-Cohen et al.)?
Natural experiment/ Questionnaire
Quasi/Psychometrics
Observation/Questionnaire
Cognitive/Survey
What were the sex differences found on the eyes test (Baron-Cohen et al.)?
Women scored lower than men
Men scored higher than women
Women scored higher than men
Women scored higher than AS/HFA
Which type of design was used for the participants (Baron-Cohen et al.)
Matched-Pairs
Repeated Measures
Independent Groups
Single-repeated measures
Which groups took the Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen et al.)?
1, 2 & 4
1, 3 & 4
1, 2 &3
They all took it
A problem with the sample is ... (Laney et al.)
Size is too small, not representative to the wider population
Does not represent both genders
Imbalance proportion of gender representatives
Participants did not give their consent to join the study
Which questionnaire was not done in Experiment 1 (Laney et al.)?
Eating habits questionnaire
Restaurant Questionnaire
Food Preferences Questionnaire
Common Food Slideshow
Which questionnaire was not done in Experiment 2 (Laney et al.)?
Eating habits
Restaurant Questionnaire
Food Preferences Questionnaire
Common Food Slideshow
Identify all questionnaire that were used as a "before" and "after' measurement in experiment 2 (Laney et al.)
FHI
RQ
FCQ
FPQ
MBQ
Characteristics of this sample included (Laney et al.)
Mostly male (72%) with a mean age of 21.9
Mostly female (77%) with a mean age of 20.8.
Mostly male (67%) with a mean age of 20.8.
Mostly female (75%) with a mean age of 21.8.
For the FHI, subjects were instructed to rate
each item on a scale of (Laney et al.)
1 - 5
1 - 6
1 - 8
1 - 10
The Restaurant Questionnaire (RQ) had _____ dishes (Laney et al.)?
25
28
32
35
The number of participants was (Bandura et al.)
12
24
36
72
The age of the Participants was... (Bandura et al.)
2-3 year olds
3-4 year olds
3-5 year olds
4-6 year olds
Which of the following physical acts was not shown against the BoBo doll? (Bandura et al.)
head butt
punch
hit with mallet
sat on
What was in the second testing lab? (Bandura et al.)
A Bobo doll that could be played with
Attractive toys that could not be played with
A Bobo doll that could not be played with
A gun that could be played with
The use of a one way mirror helps to... (Bandura et al.)
increase validity by reducing demand characteristics
increase reliability by reducing demand characteristics
increase generalisability by reducing demand characteristics
increase inter-rater reliability
The fact that one of the observers also played the part of the male model could have led to... (Bandura et al.)
an observer effect
demand characteristics
participant variables
the Hawthorne Effect
What research method is used in this study? (Saavedra and Silverman)
Lab experiment
Independent measures
Case Study
Field Experiment
Naturalistic Observation
The Saavedra and Silverman study took place at
Cambridge University
Yale University
Florida International University
University of Florida
The sample in this study is (Saavedra and Silverman)
47 young adults with a phobia of buttons
A 9 year old Hispanic boy
A 12 year old white girl with fear of buttons
3 children aged 9-12
The DSM-IV diagnosis concluded that he had which type of abnormality? (Saavedra and Silverman)
Specific Phobia
Agoraphobia
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Arachnophobia
One aim of the Saavedra and Silverman (Button Phobia) study was to
Investigate children with phobias in a laboratory setting
Investigate the effectiveness of group therapy on a phobia
Investigate the causes of a button phobia in a child
Attempt to create a phobia of buttons in a child
Which of the following is true of the "Feelings Thermometer" (Saavedra and Silverman)
Included 9 points
Was a scale of disgust
Operationalized the fear of buttons
All other answers are correct
Which of the following was rated the highest by the participant in terms of disgust? (Saavedra and Silverman)
Large denim buttons
Small denim buttons
Large plastic clear buttons
Small plastic clear buttons
What was the primary training technique used? (Pepperberg)
Model/Rival Technique
Evaluative Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
What is the second humans purpose in the training process? (Pepperberg)
To act as a model and also a rival for the trainer's attention.
To act as a trainer to the other.
To get rewards of the correct answers given
To vocalise the words for Alex
The training procedure used in the Pepperberg was based on the concept of ____ by _____. (Pepperberg)
modeling; Bandura
attention; Andrade
false memory; Laney
2 factor theory of emotion; Schachter and Singer
Was Alex given a reward for the correct response and if so, what was the reward? (Pepperberg)
A cork.
A cracker.
No.
The object itself.
What is the aim of Pepperberg?
To investigate whether a parrot uses vocalizations to demonstrate an understanding of the concepts "color" and "shape"
To investigate whether a parrot uses vocalizations to demonstrate an understanding of the concepts "novel" and "familiar"
To investigate whether a parrot uses vocalizations to demonstrate an understanding of the concepts "same" and "different"
To investigate whether a parrot uses vocalizations to demonstrate an understanding of the concepts "texture" and "colors"
Many Psychologists believe that only humans possess ______________ alongside the ability to show a range of ____________ skills. (Pepperberg)
"True language skills" and learning skills
"True learning skills" and cognitive skills
"True language skills" and cognitive skills
"True learning skills" and social skills
The principal trainer was present in each trial, and was not able to see the objects. What did this lower? (Pepperberg)
Participant variables
Generalisability
Demand Characteristics
Ecological Validity
The voltage levels displayed on the shock generator ranged from ___. (Milgram)
15 to 400
10 to 450
15 to 425
15 to 450
Out of 40 subjects, ___ obeyed the orders of the experimenter to the end, proceeding to punish the victim. (Milgram)
26
15
10
31
The dependent variable is (Milgram)
The type of prods used
The type of prods used
The level of shock given to learner
The switches
The number of participants used was (Milgram)
20
30
40
50
What shock was given to participants to suggest it was real? (Milgram)
15 v
30 v
45 v
55 v
How many trials were run (Piliavin)
100
101
102
103
How many seconds, after train departure, did it take for the "victim" to stagger forward and collapse? (Piliavin)
30 seconds
50 seconds
60 seconds
70 seconds
About how many trials were run in a day ? (Piliavin)
5-7
6-8
8-10
2-4
The victim was between the ages of (Piliavin)
26-35
20-35
30-36
27-37
How many trials was the victim sober? (Piliavin)
45
50
55
65
What is the research design of the Yamamoto (Chimpanzee) study?
Independent groups
Repeated measures
Laboratory experiment
Field experiment
In the Yamamoto study, trial begins when the helper chimp had a box of 7 items, trial recorded as ended when
The helper chimp chose an item
The juice was obtained or when 5 minutes passed without success
When the helper chimp handed over the first tool; or 10 minutes had passed
When the helper chimp handed over any object
Which of the following dimensions are correct for the Hole in the booth. - Yamamoto
12.5 x 35 cm and 1 metre above the floor
20.5 x 45 and 2 metres above the floor
13.5 x 25 cm and 3 metres above the floor
30.5 x 15 and 1/2 metre above the floor
What were the names of the chimpanzees?
Marsha, Jan, Peter, Cindy, Greg, Bobby
Ai, Pal, Chloe, Cleo, Pan, Ayumu.
Buffy, Spike, Willow, Xander, Angel, Cordelia
Betty, Veronica, Archie, Jughead, Cheryl, Josie
What was the object that Pan offered the most? - Yamamoto
Stick
Brush
straw
rope
Which is the dependent variable? - Yamamoto
How many chimpanzees offered the correct tool.
How long it took each chimp to offer the correct tool.
How many trials ended with the helper looking through window
All answers are correct.
What is Theory of Mind?
Reading the mind of another person
Understanding the goals of another person without asking
Helping without being asked to do so
A cognitive concept found in chimpanzees in this study
In the Yamamoto (chimpanzee) study, what was the AIM of the study?
Will conspecifics help when asked?
Understand helping behavior
Whether chimpanzees understand the needs of conspecifics and whether they will respond with targeted helping
Can chimpanzees use targeted helping when asked for help?
