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WorksheetsUnit One Review; History, Approaches, Research & Stats
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the young discipline of psychology?
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
John B. Watson
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
William James
2.
Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?
a)
Jean Piaget
b)
Margaret Floy Washburn
c)
Rosalie Rayner
d)
Mary Whiton Calkins
3.
From the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of
a)
genetic influences.
b)
self-esteem.
c)
conscious thoughts and feelings.
d)
observable behavior.
4.
Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious sexual conflicts?
a)
cognitive neuroscience
b)
Freudian psychology
c)
behavior genetics
d)
behaviorism
5.
Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's
a)
childhood memories.
b)
genetic predispositions.
c)
unconscious thought processes.
d)
potential for healthy growth.
6.
In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology renewed interest in the scientific study of
a)
mental processes.
b)
genetic influences.
c)
sexual conflicts.
d)
learned behaviors.
7.
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of
a)
conscious and unconscious mental activity.
b)
observable responses to the environment.
c)
behavior and mental processes.
d)
maladaptive and adaptive behaviors.
8.
Which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?
a)
evolutionary
b)
behavioral
c)
psychodynamic
d)
neuroscience
9.
Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited human traits?
a)
evolutionary
b)
cognitive
c)
behavioral
d)
social-cultural
10.
Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions associated with the emotions of lust and rage are inherited?
a)
cognitive
b)
behavioral
c)
evolutionary
d)
social-cultural
11.
The most notable feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on
a)
natural selection.
b)
brain chemistry.
c)
unconscious conflicts.
d)
learned behaviors.
12.
Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?
a)
evolutionary
b)
neuroscience
c)
behavioral
d)
behavior genetics
13.
The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
a)
feelings are influenced by blood chemistry.
b)
people try to understand their own unconscious drives.
c)
behavior is influenced by environmental conditions.
d)
people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
14.
Clinical psychologists specialize in
a)
constructing surveys.
b)
animal research.
c)
providing therapy to troubled people.
d)
providing drugs to treat behavioral disorders.
15.
The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a
a)
clinical psychologist.
b)
personality psychologist.
c)
developmental psychologist.
d)
psychiatrist.
16.
Type of psychologist who deals with the lifespan of people and how they change/work through it
a)
developmental
b)
counseling
c)
school
d)
clinical
17.
Perspective that focuses on the role society and culture play on behavior and mental processes
a)
psychoanalytic
b)
behavioral
c)
cognitive
d)
sociocultural
18.
statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are
a)
hypothesis
b)
principle
c)
theory
d)
cognitive activity
19.
Which is the CORRECT order psychologists follow in conducting research
a)
hypothesis, form ?, test, analyze, conclude
b)
Form ?, hypothesis, test, analyze, conclude
c)
test, form ?, hypothesis, analyze, conclude
d)
Form ?, hypothesis, test, conclude, analyze
20.
Type of study where only the subjects do not know if they are part of control/experimental group
a)
single blind
b)
double blind
c)
longitudinal
d)
naturalistic
21.
What step is important to verify results?
a)
replication
b)
validation method
c)
analyzing results
d)
asking new ?s
22.
type of observation done over a LONG amount of time looking at same subjects
a)
cross-sectional
b)
naturalistic
c)
longitudinal
d)
laboratory
23.
Type of sample where everyone has equal chance of selection
a)
random
b)
equality based
c)
proportional
d)
stratified
24.
Type of sample that is proportional to the target population
a)
random
b)
equality based
c)
proportional
d)
stratified
25.
This must be obtained from all those who participate in an experiment
a)
Informed Consent
b)
Debriefing
c)
Right to confidentiality
d)
Right to withdraw
26.
Takes place in the environment in which the target behavior normally occurs
a)
Controlled Observation
b)
Naturalistic Observation
c)
Overt Observation
d)
Covert Observation
27.
In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by ______________.
a)
William James
b)
William Tell
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
Sigmund Freud
28.
Participants in research early in psychology’s history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, and texture and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called _________.
a)
hypnosis
b)
objective introspection
c)
psychosurgery
d)
psychoanalysis
29.
What did Sigmund Freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?
a)
free will
b)
brain physiology
c)
the unconscious mind
d)
external consequences
30.
John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of _________.
a)
behavior
b)
the mind
c)
the brain
d)
consciousness
31.
A hypothesis is a(n):
a)
testable prediction that gives direction to research
b)
•way to organize facts.
c)
process of linking facts to deeper principles
d)
set of principles that explains newly discovered facts
32.
Julie appeared not to be surprised when the couple broke up. “I could have predicted that,” she said. Julie is demonstrating:
a)
ESP
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
•overestimation the extent to which others share her opinion.
d)
correlation proves causation
33.
A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing
a)
a placebo effect
b)
catharsis
c)
negative transference
d)
tardive dyskinesia
34.
An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning. Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is
a)
learning
b)
size of group
c)
material studied
d)
presence of music
35.
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the
a)
placebo
b)
control
c)
dependent variable
d)
independent variable
36.
Operational definitions are used for which of the following reasons?
a)
They enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing the variables and how they are used.
b)
They exclude mental processes from being studied, as they are no longer considered part of the scientific study of psychology.
c)
They determine which test of statistical significance will be used to analyze the results of the experiment
d)
They determine whether the experiment is better suited for a laboratory or a field setting
37.
The world's largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology is the
a)
World Psychology Organization
b)
American Psychological Society
c)
American Psychological Association
d)
Psychologist of America
38.
The first two major "schools" of Psychology were
a)
behaviorism and psychoanalysis
b)
functionalism and behaviorism
c)
structuralism and functionalism
d)
psychoanalysis and Gestalt
39.
Which "school" of psychology focused on fundamental components of the conscious experience?
a)
humanism
b)
behaviorism
c)
structuralism
d)
functionalism
40.
The first female president of the APA was?
a)
Leta Hollingworth
b)
Margaret Washburn
c)
Mary Calkins
d)
Anna Freud
41.
The first female Ph.D. in psychology was?
a)
Mary Calkins
b)
Margaret Washburn
c)
Leta Hollingworth
d)
Anna Freud
42.
The school of thought associated with Maslow and Rogers is
a)
cognitive
b)
humanism
c)
structuralism
d)
biological
43.
_______ psychology examines adaptivity over generations in a species.
a)
Clinical
b)
Cognitive
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Physiological
44.
The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chance
a)
statistical significance
b)
experimenter bias
c)
confounding variables
45.
each time a study is repeated, the results are consistent.
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
sample
46.
Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable.
a)
control group
b)
population
c)
confounding variables
47.
The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
confounding variable
48.
The subgroup of the population that participates in the study
a)
sample
b)
assignment
c)
group
49.
A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results.
a)
placebo
b)
case study
c)
experimenter bias
50.
The subgroup of the sample that receives the independent variable.
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
population
51.
Division of the sample into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group or condition.
a)
single blind
b)
double blind
c)
random assignment
d)
random sampling
52.
Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.
a)
single blind study
b)
case study
c)
double blind study
53.
The extent to which an instrument measure what it is supposed to measure.
a)
reliability
b)
validity
c)
standardized
54.
Suggested rules for acting responsible and morally when conducting research.
a)
ethics
b)
guidelines
c)
rules
55.
Measures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set.
a)
median
b)
range
c)
standard deviation
56.
The comparison group, the subgroup of the sample that is similar to the experimental group in every way except for the presence of the independent variable.
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
population
57.
Prediction of how or more factors are likely to be related.
a)
validity
b)
theory
c)
hypothesis
58.
Careful observations of humans or animals in real life situations
a)
case study
b)
survey
c)
naturalistic observation
59.
A medical doctor who specializes in treating psychological problems is a
a)
health psychologist
b)
psychiatrist
c)
developmental psychologist
d)
research psychologist
60.
Science aimed at solving problems or improvement:
a)
Basic Science
b)
Applied Science
c)
Academic Science
d)
Clinical Science
61.
Mr. Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Mr. Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.
a)
biological
b)
psychodynamic
c)
behavioral
d)
cognitive
62.
Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?
a)
personality psychology
b)
biological psychology
c)
clinical psychology
d)
developmental psychology
63.
Which perspective would be most useful when explaining how people from different countries express anger?
a)
Psychodynamic
b)
Behavioral
c)
Social-cultural
d)
Biological
64.
If there is a negative correlation between # of absences students have and grades. What can we conclude from this research finding?
a)
That being absent leads to lower grades
b)
That low grades leads to people being absent
c)
That students that are absent more often are likely to have lower grades
d)
That this is an illusory correlation
65.
Which of the following is a positive correlation?
a)
Gas mileage decreases as vehicle weight increases
b)
As levels of self-esteem decline, levels of depression increase
c)
As study time decreases, students achieve lower grades
d)
People who exercise regularly are less likely to be obese
66.
Descriptive statistics ____, while inferential statistics ____
a)
summarize data, determine if data can be generalized to other populations
b)
indicate the significance of data, summarize the data
c)
describe data from experiments, describe data from case studies and surveys
d)
are measures of central tendency, are measures of variation
67.
Which of the following is the strongest correlation coefficient?
a)
-.80
b)
+.72
c)
-.14
d)
0
68.
Which of the following types of data are most likely to have a normal curve (distribution)?
a)
Test scores in AP Psych
b)
# of car accidents in Iowa the last 20 years
c)
Net financial worth of Americans
d)
Weight
69.
Maddie wants to know how consistent her test score averages are in AP Psychology. Which of the following would be most relevant to her question?
a)
Median
b)
Scatterplot
c)
Standard Deviation
d)
Correlation coefficient
70.
If the results of a study are deemed to be statistically significant, they are
a)
Seen as being important enough to continue studying.
b)
Not likely due to chance.
c)
Proven to be accurate.
d)
Positively correlated
71.
Given a normal distribution of scores, ___% of scores fall within 1 standard deviation, __% fall within 2, and %___ fall within 3.
a)
25, 50, 75
b)
68, 95, 99
c)
34, 68, 99
d)
13.5, 34, 68
72.
If Donald Trump walks into a room full of construction workers, his income would ______ the mean income of the room.
a)
Negatively skew
b)
Positively skew
73.
Given the following data, which is true?
5,5,10,11,13,16
5,5,10,11,13,16
a)
The mean is greater than the median and mode
b)
The median is greater than the mean and mode
c)
The mode is greater than the median and mean
d)
None are true
74.
What do we call the tendency to exaggerate the correctness or accuracy of our beliefs and predictions prior to testing?
a)
Hindsight Bias
b)
Overconfidence
c)
Critical Thinking
d)
Reliability
75.
Independent variable is to dependent variable as _________ is to ____________.
a)
hypothesis | conclusion
b)
effect | cause
c)
cause | effect.
d)
conclusion | hypothesis
76.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
77.
Which answer lists two measures of the spread of data around the mean?
a)
mode and median
b)
standard deviation and range
c)
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics
d)
scattergrams and boxplots
78.
The population in a research study is...
a)
the whole group of research interest.
b)
the smaller group that has been chosen from the group of research interest.
c)
exactly the same as the sample.
d)
always smaller than the sample.
79.
Which of the following questions is best investigated by means of survey?
a)
Is IQ related to grades?
b)
Are violent criminals genetically different from nonviolent criminals
c)
Does extra sleep improve memory?
d)
Are students more likely to be politically liberal or conservative?
80.
An individual with an exceptional memory is identified.She is capable of recalling major events, the weather, and what she did on any given date. What research method is being used if a psychologist conducts an in-depth investigation of this individual including questionnaires,brain scans, and memory tests?
a)
Survey
b)
Interview
c)
Case Study
d)
Naturalistic Observation
81.
An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning. Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is
a)
learning
b)
size of group
c)
material studied
d)
presence of music
82.
In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given
a)
a
high dosage of alcohol
b)
one-half the dosage given the
experimental group
c)
a driving test before and after drinking
alcohol
d)
no alcohol at all
83.
Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of
a)
a.a negative correlation
b)
a zero correlation
c)
a
positive correlation
d)
a
perfect correlation
84.
Five students received the following test scores: 7,11,5,6, and 11. What is the mean and range?
a)
A. 8,6
b)
B. 11,4
c)
C. 8,11
d)
D. 8,7
85.
In a normal distribution, what percentage of the scores in the distribution falls within on standard deviation on either side of the mean?
a)
34 %
b)
40 %
c)
50 %
d)
68 %
86.
Which statistical measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme scores?
a)
Mean
b)
Median
c)
Mode
d)
Skew
87.
A Psychiatrist is a
a)
Therapist
b)
Medical Doctor
c)
A nurse who treats mental illness
88.
I was an early French philosopher who promoted a belief that the mind and body are two separate entities-called interactive dualism.
a)
John Locke
b)
Mary Calkins
c)
Rene Descartes
89.
Carrie is struggling to balance her school, home, and social lives. What type of psychologist would she go to for help?
a)
Clinical
b)
Counseling
c)
Cognitive
d)
Human Factors
90.
Which branch of psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of persons with psychological disabilities?
a)
Counseling
b)
Clinical
c)
Cognitive
d)
Psychoanalysis
91.
Which Harvard professor drafted the first textbook for teaching Psychology?
a)
John Watson
b)
Ivan Pavlov
c)
John Locke
d)
William James
92.
The graph in this image is a representation of which of these variable relationships?
a)
Positive correlation
b)
Negative correlation
c)
No correlation
d)
Causal correlation
93.
The graph in this image is a representation of which of these variable relationships?
a)
Positive correlation
b)
Negative correlation
c)
No correlation
d)
Causal correlation
94.
Which of these is something that correlational research CANNOT do?
a)
show central tendencies
b)
show causation
c)
use surveys
d)
show relationships between variables
95.
Using the measures of central tendency is an example of ___________ statistics.
a)
instinctual
b)
experimental
c)
inferential
d)
descriptive
96.
What is the score in the middle of the data set called?
a)
Mean
b)
Median
c)
Mode
d)
Range
97.
What does this symbol mean?
N
N
a)
Sum of scores
b)
Amount in population
c)
Population Mean
d)
Amount in sample
98.
What does this symbol mean?
n
n
a)
Sum of scores
b)
Amount in population
c)
Population Mean
d)
Amount in sample
99.
What is "applied research"?
a)
Research a psychologist does on their patients to help them.
b)
Research a psychologist does to find a reason for person's behavior.
c)
Research a psychologist does to find solutions to a person's problems.
d)
All of the above.
100.
The brighter the lights in a grocery store, the more money people will spend. Which research method would be best to study if these variables are related?
a)
Survey
b)
Correlational
c)
Case Study
d)
Naturalistic Observation
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