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The Scientific Revolution and The Enlightenment

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 52mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

He stated that the role of gov't was to protect the natural rights of citizens?

a)

John Locke

b)

Baron de Montesquieu

c)

Jean-Jaques Rousseau

d)

Voltaire

2.
Theory that the planets and stars revolve around the earth.
a)
The heliocentric theory
b)
The geocentric theory
c)
The social contract
d)
The scientific method
3.
Theory that the planets and stars revolve around the sun.
a)
The heliocentric theory
b)
The geocentric theory
c)
The social contract
d)
The scientific method
4.

With which idea would an Enlightenment philosopher most likely agree

a)

The right to rule comes from God through a king.

b)

The right to rule comes from God through the people.

c)

A strong military is needed to keep people in line.

d)

Tradition and custom should guide decisions made by a government.

5.
This man developed the idea that gravity acts on objects.
a)
Copernicus
b)
Galileo
c)
Ptolemy
d)
Newton
6.
Select all the characteriestics of absolutism.
a)
Rulers have unlimited power
b)
Divine Right
c)
Seperation of Powers
d)
Citizens have no garanteed rights
7.

Why did the Catholic Church work to silence many philosophers from the Scientific Revolution?

a)

The ideas of the Scientific Revolution were unprovable and dangerous.

b)

The ideas of the Scientific Revolution strengthened the power of absolute monarchs.

c)

The ideas of the Scientific Revolution proved that Islam was the true religion.

d)

The ideas of the Scientific Revolution challenged the power of religion.

8.
Which idea was promoted by both the thinkers of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?
a)
Decisions and actions of governments should be based on past traditions.
b)
People should use reason and logic to understand the world.
c)
A strong military is necessary to keep society peaceful.
d)
Only God can grant an individual the authority to rule over others.
9.
Which Enlightenment philosopher coined the ideology "Life, Liberty, and Property"?
a)
Voltaire
b)
Machiavelli
c)
Hobbes
d)
Locke
10.
Which Enlightenment philosopher developed the idea of religious tolerance?
a)
Galileo
b)
Locke
c)
Voltaire
d)
Hobbes
11.
Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that the government should be seperated into 3 branches?
a)
Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Ptolemy
d)
Newton
12.
Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that there was a social contract between the government and the people?
a)
Copernicus
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Hobbes
13.

He believed that absolute monarchs were a "leviathan" sent to punish evil people.

a)

Locke

b)

Galileo

c)

Voltaire

d)

Hobbes

14.
John Locke's central political value was
a)
the protection of individual rights.
b)
equal distribution of wealth.
c)
designing governments around biblical teachings.
d)
nullified by the exploration of central Africa.
15.
A common theme among Enlightenment thinkers was
a)
there was not a common theme among the enlightenment thinkers
b)
faith in traditional religious beliefs.
c)
a belief in the inherent goodness of humanity.
d)
support for democratic forms of government.
16.
The Catholic Church considered some thinkers of the Scientific Revolution to be heretics because they
a)
loved anatomy
b)
traveled frequently to Africa
c)
questioned claims made in biblical passages.
d)
valued natural resources.
17.
The work of which scientist was most strongly condemned by the church?
a)
Galileo 
b)
Kepler
c)
Lloyd 
d)
John Adams
18.
During the Scientific Revolution, European scientists focused their work on explaining
a)
how government affects the individual.
b)
Life
c)
advanced chemistry
d)
the workings of the natural world
19.
Before the scientific revolution the people believed kings got there power to rule
a)
from Congress / Parliament
b)
from the people (democratic elections)
c)
from the worldwide web
d)
from God (divine right)
20.
Francis Bacon is known for his invention of the
a)
laws of motion
b)
telescope
c)
scientific method
d)
gravity 
21.
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best form of government included a separation of powers.
a)
True
b)
False
22.
John Locke believed that the purpose of government was to protect people’s natural rights.
a)
True
b)
False 
23.
Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were
a)
the Catholic Church and ancient scholars
b)
Muslim scribes
c)
navigators and explorers
d)
Confuscious and Ghandi
24.
This Enlightenment thinker believed that we are all good and pure until we are corrupted by society.
a)
Thomas Hobbes
b)
Galileo
c)
John Locke
d)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
25.
Which Enlightenment thinker said "If women be educated for dependence; that is, to act according to the will of another fallible being, and submit, right or wrong, to power, where are we to stop?"
a)
Mary Wollstonecraft
b)
Mike Jones
c)
Tommy Hobbes
d)
Thomas Jefferson
26.
Thomas Hobbes believed that
a)
the enlightenment thinkers were naturally silly
b)
people are naturally greedy and selfish therefore should only be governed by an absolute monarch (king).
c)
people are for the most part good people but society corrupts us to be bad
d)
in the tabula rasa theory
27.
Which of the following people is NOT considered to be an Enlightenment thinker?
a)
Abraham Lincoln 
b)
John Locke
c)
Voltaire 
d)
Mary Wollstonecraft
28.
Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued  
a)
That heaven did not exist
b)
That Earth revolved around the sun
c)
Against the law of gravity
d)
That the sun revolved around the Earth
29.
What did Galileo Improve?
a)
The astrolabe
b)
the stars
c)
The Telescope
d)
cat food.
30.
John Locke argued that all people had the right to ________________. 
a)
Own slaves
b)
Choose their religious beliefs
c)
Pursuit of happiness
d)
Life, liberty, and property
31.
A period during the 1600s and 1700s when people used reason to guide people's thoughts about society. 
a)
Enlightenment
b)
Captialism
c)
Renaissance
d)
Reformation
32.
Which of the Enlightenment philosophers believed the three branches of government should check the powers of one another?
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Voltaire
c)
Rousseau
d)
Locke
33.
What document did John Locke's ideas influence?
a)
English Bill of Rights
b)
Declaration of Independence
c)
Great Charter
d)
Magna Carter
34.
The Enlightenment centers around what kind of person?
a)
Politician
b)
Philosopher
c)
Clergy
d)
Artist
35.
Enlightenment thinkers and theories inspired
a)
A. the French Revolution
b)
B. the American Revolution
c)
C. other revolutions of the 1800s
d)
D. all of the above
36.
Isaac Newton studied 3 branches of SCIENCE:
a)
Legislative, executive, and judicial
b)
Church, school, factories
c)
Physics, gravity, motion
d)
Calculus, physics, and government
37.
Why did the Roman Catholic Church take so long to embrace the heliocentric theory?
a)
Jesus walked the Earth; therefore Earth must be the most important and at the center.
b)
Ptolemy was a famous priest who donated a lot of money to the Church.
c)
Catholic leaders did not want people questioning what was true because it may lead to people questioning the Church. 
d)
They were angry at Galileo and never wanted to admit he was correct. 
38.
A French philosopher who is considered the father of modern philosophy; "I think therefore I am."
a)
John Locke
b)
Rene Descartes
c)
Adam Smith
d)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
39.
Which French Enlightenment thinker promoted the idea of separation of power? 
a)
Mary Wollstonecraft
b)
Rene Descartes
c)
Charles-Louis Montesquieu
d)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
40.
What was the series of events that led to the birth of modern science known as? 
a)
Enlightenment 
b)
Scientific Revolution
c)
Renaissance
d)
Scientific Method
41.
What is the step-by-step process for performing scientific research?
a)
Scientific Revolution
b)
Newton's Law of Motion
c)
Scientific Method
d)
Heliocentric Theory
42.
Who is the English philosopher that is best known for the promotion of the Scientific Method and use of Inductive Reasoning? 
a)
Galileo
b)
Francis Bacon
c)
Isaac Newton
d)
John Locke
43.
Which English scientist identified how the physical world works; specifically in terms of the Law of Gravity? 
a)
Francis Bacon
b)
Isaac Newton
c)
Rene Descartes
d)
Galileo Galilei
44.
Which of the following did not contribute to the Enlightenment?
a)
The Reformation
b)
The Industrial Revolution
c)
The Scientific Revolution
d)
The Renaissance
45.
What place was the center of the Enlightenment?
a)
Italy 
b)
England 
c)
France 
d)
Spain
46.

What is the philosophy that encouraged individual freedom and expression of logical thought?

a)

Humanism

b)

People-Centralism

c)

Logicalist

d)

Democracy

47.

Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Montesquieu, stated government power should not be held by a single person/small group. Instead, they should be divided into 3 branches, including.... (Select ALL that are correct)

a)

Legislative

b)

Executive

c)

Judicial

d)

Mercantile

48.

Humanism would encourage a person to... (Select ALL that are correct)

a)

Think independently of large groups

b)

Use of logic and reasoning

c)

Use things like the 'Scientific Method' to study/analyze a problem

d)

Accept that the world just "is the way it is"

e)

Avoid or ignore new ideas

49.

Which of the following are Enlightenment thinkers/scientists?

a)

Newton

b)

Galileo

c)

Voltaire

d)

Luther

e)

Columbus

50.
Which of these examples best explains the Scientific Method?
a)
having faith that it will work out
b)
having an observation, hypothesis, test, record
c)
having tests without research
d)
having theories about the earth
51.
This scientist said that the planets are in "free-fall" through his Theory of Gravity and Motion 
a)
Galileo 
b)
Isaac Newton 
c)
Rene' Descartes 
d)
Johann Kepler
52.
How did the Protestant Reformation lead to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
People started to be more religious 
b)
People started to question tradition
c)
People started to reject reason over science
d)
People started to believe in feudalism
53.
Argued that the natural state of mankind is cruel and evil, so they needed a government to keep them “in check.”
a)
Voltaire
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Hobbes
d)
Locke
54.
Believed that the government and religion should be separate bodies to prevent conflict.
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Hobbes
c)
Locke
d)
Voltaire
55.
Argued that there should be a separation of government powers to prevent a single person from becoming too powerful.
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Voltaire
c)
Rousseau
d)
Hobbes
56.
Believed that everyone was born with inalienable rights that the government was responsible for protecting
a)
John Locke
b)
Thomas Hobbes
c)
Sir Isaac Newton
d)
Montesquieu
57.
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar in that they:
a)
strengthened the economy.
b)
led to the Cold War.
c)
rejected civil rights.
d)
encouraged new ideas.
58.
Prior to the Scientific Revolution, what were the two main sources of thinking about the natural world?
a)
The words of Julius Caesar and the teachings of Buddha
b)
The words of Cleopatra and the Mayan calendar
c)
The teachings of Confucius and the U.S. Constitution
d)
The words of the Bible and the teachings of Aristotle
59.
Which of the following is a central idea from the Age of Enlightenment?
a)
People should follow the Church
b)
The government needs to be an absolute monarchy
c)
Government should never be questioned
d)
Reason is the only way to find truth
60.
Mary Wollstonecraft fought for which of the following causes?
a)
American independence
b)
Laissez-Faire economics
c)
Rights for minorities
d)
Rights for women
61.
_________ is credited with saying "I think, therefore I am."  
a)
Rene Descartes
b)
John Locke
c)
Galileo Galilei
d)
Sir Francis Bacon
62.
The Enlightenment is also known as the ______________
a)
Age of Exploration
b)
Age of Reason
c)
Renaissance
d)
Scientific Revolution
63.
What are the three natural rights that everyone is said to be born with?
a)
Life, liberty, and money
b)
Liberty, money, and property
c)
Life, liberty, and property
d)
Cellphones, cars, and clothes
64.
During the Scientific Revolution, scientists did all of the following, EXCEPT:
a)
challenged accepted knowledge.
b)
believed something only if it could be tested and proven.
c)
ran experiments to test accepted knowledge.
d)
accepted tradition and traditional knowledge.
65.

Isaac Newton's Laws of Gravity says ....

a)

Gravity is the force that tries to pull things together

b)

Every particle goes in a circle

c)

Every particle is in motion always

d)

Every force is trying to pull things apart.

66.

Montesquieu' s idea that the American founding fathers, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison used was ....

a)

Absolute monarchy

b)

Democracy

c)

Equality for all

d)

Separation of the powers of Government

67.

One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar is that they

a)

encouraged the spread of new ideas

b)

strengthened traditional institutions

c)

led to the Protestant Reformation

d)

rejected Renaissance individualism

68.

Which period of history had the greatest influence on the Enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason?

a)

Pax Romana

b)

Middle Ages

c)

Age of Exploration

d)

Scientific Revolution

69.

In Two Treatises of Government, John Locke wrote that the purpose of government was to

a)

keep kings in power

b)

regulate the economy

c)

expand territory

d)

protect natural rights

70.

The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers were based on

a)

efforts to achieve salvation

b)

faith in human reason

c)

traditional practices

d)

the inevitability of poverty

71.

The writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, and John Locke were similar in that each supported the principles of

a)

a military dictatorship

b)

an autocracy

c)

a theocratic society

d)

a democratic republic

72.

Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

a)

The factory system was used to mass-produce goods.

b)

Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.

c)

Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.

d)

The Columbian exchange occurred.

73.
Absolutist monarchs were ones who
a)
sought to control all aspects of public and private life.
b)
gathered all power under their personal control.
c)
governed as if the affairs of state should benefit the people.
d)
respect the laws passed by the representative institutions.
74.
Which quotation was most likely made by an absolute monarch?
a)
"The government that governs best, governs least."
b)
"I am the state."
c)
"The government must be based on a sound constitution."
d)
"It is the parliament that must make the laws."
75.

English philosopher and political theorist best known for his book Leviathan (1651), in which he argues that the only way to secure civil society is through universal submission to the absolute authority of a sovereign.

a)

Baron Montesquieu

b)

Rousseau

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Adam Smith

76.

Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, , and others exchanged ideas

a)

rights

b)

Salons

c)

Cafes

d)

Pubs

77.

Who used a telescope to further support the Heliocentric Theory?

a)

Galileo Galilei

b)

Nicolas Copernicus

c)

Johannes Kepler

d)

Rene Descartes

78.

Which one of Thomas Jefferson's documents was influenced by ideas of the Enlightenment?

a)

Articles of Confederation

b)

Constitution of Virginia

c)

Declaration of Independence

d)

Bill of Rights

79.

Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and what other country?

a)

France

b)

England

c)

Russia

d)

China

80.

Define "social contract"

a)

an entire society of Imperial Stormtroopers

b)

The document that allows the people to vote for their kings

c)

an entire society agrees to be governed by its king

d)

The thought that the government doesn't come from the king's divine right but from the will of the people

81.

John Locke believed that there are some rights that cannot be taken away and that people are born with them. what are these laws/rights referred to as?

a)

Cheetos law/rights

b)

Natural laws/rights

c)

Civil laws/rights

d)

Untouchable laws/rights

82.
How did Locke influence the ideas contained in the Declaration of Independence?
a)
he believed that the main goal of society was the pursuit of happiness
b)
he claimed that a dictatorship is the best form of government
c)
he claimed that all people are created equal
d)
he maintained that the people may overthrow a government if it violates their rights
83.
Enlightenment philosopher who believed people were born good, but society corrupted them.  
a)
John Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Rousseau
d)
Voltaire
84.
  • Copernicus’ heliocentric model of the universe
  • Newton’s law of gravitation
  • Descartes’ belief in truth through reason


This set of ideas from the Scientific Revolution gave Europeans a new way to

a)

view humankind’s place in the universe

b)

support the core beliefs of the church

c)

authenticate historical facts

d)

verify civil liberties

85.

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.


… Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.…

—Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws


In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to

a)

an enlightened despotism

b)

a policy of mercantilism

c)

a separation of powers

d)

a social contract

86.

Who helped Europeans study, and learn about the old Greek and Roman ways?

a)

Greeks

b)

Romans

c)

Arabs

d)

Mayans

87.
What did Beccaria believe the purpose of punishment was?
a)
torture
b)
revenge
c)
preserve security 
d)
humiliate enemies 
88.
This philosopher would influence our country to have separation of church and state 
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Voltaire
c)
Locke
d)
Beccaria 
89.
American colonists thought they were justified in declaring their Independence based on what theory?
a)
Heliocentrism 
b)
scientific revolution
c)
rights of anarchy
d)
social contract 
90.

Rene' Descartes' scientific method begins with which step?

a)

conducting a laboratory experiment

b)

basing explanations on traditional sources

c)

presenting theories before a group of experts

d)

doubting an idea rather than accepting it on authority. (questioning)

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