the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information; enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.

information processing guided by higher-level mental process, as when we construct perceptions drawing out our experience and expectation.

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.

the minimum difference or change between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

If the level of a stimulus is so low that it is noticed less than 50% of the time, it is considered to be:

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.

conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses.

the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next.

the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light

the dimension of color that is determined by the amplitude of light

the dimension of sound that is determined by the amplitude

the dimension of sound that is determined by the wavelength

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the color portions of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster

the theory that the retina contains three different colors receptors-one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue-which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color.

the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision; useful for explaining the phenomenon of "after-images"

each frequency of sound waves produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane, each position on the basilar membrane is associated with a particular frequency

The perception of a sound's frequency is due to how often the auditory nerve fires, pitch is the result of times each neuron fires per second, the faster the rate of firing the higher the pitch

hearing loss caused by damage to the (mechanical) middle ear structures that conduct sound waves to the cochlea.

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness.

Coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

System for sensing the position and movement of body parts

The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance, aided by fluid in the inner-ear

Theory that spinal cord has a neurological limit to how much information can be simultaneously transmitted that either allows or blocks pain signals to the brain

Regarding perception, organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

Within gestalt, the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli that have similar characteristics together

Binocular cue for perceiving depth: the difference between the two images. Greater this is, the closer the object

Which of the following is NOT a type of perceptual constancy?

Monocular cue that enables a person to make assumptions about whether one object is larger or smaller than another

Monocular cue that enables a person to make assumptions about the movement of an object based on their own position and movement

Which of the following senses is processed differently from the others - the information enters the brain through a different route!

Which of the following senses is a chemical sense? (more than one answer!)

Which of the following senses involves converting stimuli that travel in wave form into neural messages? (More than one answer!)

Which of the following is NOT an example of sensory interaction?

Which of the following is NOT one of the categories of taste for our tastebuds?

Touch receptors that alert the brain to pain

Touch receptors that alert the brain to different temperatures.

Owls see much better in low lighting than humans. This is probably because they: