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WorksheetsChapter 18 Review
Total questions: 103
Worksheet time: 52mins
The pressure exerted by the weight of air above.
Air pressure
Mercury barometer
Aneroid barometer
Barograph
Isobars
A device invented by Galileo to measure air pressure.
Air pressure
Mercury barometer
Aneroid barometer
Barograph
Isobars
A device used to measure air pressure that uses a partially evacuated.
Air pressure
Mercury barometer
Aneroid barometer
Barograph
Isobars
An instrument that provides a continuous record of pressure changes with the passage of time.
Air pressure
Mercury barometer
Aneroid barometer
Barograph
Isobars
Lines on a map that connect places of equal air pressure.
Air pressure
Mercury barometer
Aneroid barometer
Barograph
Isobars
When air moves horizontally.
Wind
Pressure gradient
coriolis effect
Geostrophic winds
Jet Stream
The spacing of isobars indicates the amount of pressure change occurring over a given distance and is expressed as the:
Wind
Pressure gradient
coriolis effect
Geostrophic winds
Jet Stream
States that all free-moving objects or fluids are deflected by the Earth’s rotation.
Wind
Pressure gradient
coriolis effect
Geostrophic winds
Jet Stream
Upper-air winds that blow parallel to the isobars.
Wind
Pressure gradient
coriolis effect
Geostrophic winds
Jet Stream
Which of these are standard air pressure measurements at sea level?
998.3 millibars
29.92 inches of mercury
14.7 pounds per square inch
1 kilogram per square centimeter
1 atmosphere
Which units of air pressure will you see in weather reports in the US?
Millibars
Inches of mercury
Pounds per square inch
Atmospheres
How does an aneroid barometer work?
The chamber in the barometer expands when the air pressure decreases, and contracts when the air pressure increases
The mercury is forced up the tube when the air pressure increases, and the mercury falls when air pressure decreases
When the temperature drops, that means the air pressure will drop as well
Air pressure increases with an increase in cloud cover, so the barometer measures the amount of sunlight reaching the instrument
How is a barograph better than an aneroid barometer?
It connects to a computer so the readings are more accurate
It measures changes in air pressure over time, so you can monitor if the pressure is increasing or decreasing
A barograph measures humidity as well as air pressure, so you can tell if precipitation is likely
A barograph will work at any altitude so it is more useful than an aneroid barometer
Use the following air pressures recorded throughout the day to decide what is likely to happen with the weather: 1012 mb at 9am, 1003 mb at 12pm, 998 mb at 3pm, 991 mb at 6pm, 887 mb at 9pm
Most likely clear skies and fair weather are moving in
Most likely warm temperatures are moving in
Most likely clouds and precipitation are moving in
Most likely the weather will be unchanging
What causes wind?
Air flowing from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
Air flowing from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure
Air flowing from areas of high altitude to areas of low altitude because of gravity
Air flowing from areas of low altitude to areas of high altitude because of heat differences in the lower atmosphere verses the higher atmosphere
The ultimate energy source for wind.
The Sun
Geothermal energy
Plutonium
The Moon
Zeus
Which of these are forces that control wind?
The pressure gradient force
The Coriolis Effect
Friction
Ocean currents
The Moon's gravitational pull
If isobars are closely spaced that would create:
Faster winds
Slower winds
Winds that blow toward the North
Winds that blow toward the South
Which way are the winds deflected in the Northern Hemisphere due to the Coriolis Effect?
To the right
To the left
To the North
To the South
If no other force acts on the winds, which way will they flow with respect to isobars?
Perpendicular to the isobars
Parallel to the isobars
At a 45⁰ angle to the isobars
At a 120⁰ angle to the isobars
Why do jet streams tend to move faster than surface winds?
There is very little friction acting on them
They are at higher altitudes so there is less gravity acting on them
Because they are at higher altitudes the temperatures are lower, and colder winds blow faster
The higher layers of atmosphere rotate faster than the lower layers as the Earth spins
Identify Item #1 in the picture below:
Isobars
Isotherms
Contours
Coriolis
Which of the following correctly describes Air #1:
Warm air, less dense, rising and expanding
Cool air, less dense, rising and expanding
Warm air, more dense, sinking and condensing
Cool air, more dense, sinking and condensing
Which of the following correctly describes Air #2:
Warm air, less dense, rising and expanding
Cool air, less dense, rising and expanding
Warm air, more dense, sinking and condensing
Cool air, more dense, sinking and condensing
Which of the following correctly describes the movement of air due to pressure differences:
air will always move from high pressure to low pressure
air will always move from low pressure to high pressure
Air does not move due to differences in pressure
Air will always move from hot areas to cold areas
In the image below, which way will the air be moving?
To the right
To the left
Straight up into space
Down into the water
Jet stream air can reach speeds over:
200 mph
800 mph
1000 mph
1200 mph
Which force cause the air to move to the right in the Northern hemisphere due to Earth's rotation?
Coriolis effect
Pressure gradient
Atmospheric pressure
Surface friction
Which direction do the jet streams flow around the planet Earth?
East to West
West to East
South to North
North to South
The jet stream is stronger:
in winter
in summer
in spring
in fall
In the Northern Hemisphere, the polar front jet tends to be further_____________in the winter.
North
South
East
West
In an effort to save on fuel, Southwest airlines would like utilize which of the following strategies:
Fly in the jet stream when travelling from West to East
Fly in the jet stream when travelling from East to West
Flying at low altitude, in the prevailing winds
Using barometers to find areas of low pressure in which to fly through
Flying in geostrophic winds when travelling from East to West
Hot air rises, creating an area of low pressure. Adjacent areas with higher air pressure will adjust and move air molecules to the low pressure area. What is the primary energy source that drives this cycle?
Ocean currents
The Sun
The Moon
Geothermal energy
Air in the atmosphere continuously moves by convection. At the equator, air rises; at the poles, it sinks. This occurs because:
The Earth's ozone layer is thinner at the equator than at the poles
The Earth's magnetic field is stronger at the poles than at the equator
Warm air can hold less water vapor than can cold air
Warm air is less dense than cold air
Rain is in the forecast for later in the day in Lockport. Which of the following sets of barometric pressure readings would you expect to see:
9 AM: 1010 mb / 10AM: 1000 mb / 11 AM: 990 mb / 12 PM: 980 mb
9 AM: 980 mb / 10AM: 990 mb / 11 AM: 1000 mb / 12 PM: 1010 mb
9 AM: 940 mb / 10AM: 945 mb / 11 AM: 940 mb / 12 PM: 945 mb
9 AM: 1010 mb / 10AM: 1011 mb / 11 AM: 1011 mb / 12 PM: 1012 mb
Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?
At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.
At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.
If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.
If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane.
Based on the barometer, what type of weather would you expect in the next 12 to 24 hours?
Heavy rain
Cloudless, sunny skies
Blizzard
Very hot, humid, and cloudy
During the day, cooler air over water blowing toward land is called a:
Sea breeze
Land breeze
Valley breeze
Mountain breeze
Country breeze
At night, cooler air over the land blowing toward the water is called a:
Sea breeze
Land breeze
Valley breeze
Mountain breeze
Country breeze
During the day, warm air glides up mountains slopes from lower elevations toward the mountain tops. This is called a:
Sea breeze
Land breeze
Valley breeze
Mountain breeze
Country breeze
At night, cooler air slides down mountain slopes toward the valley floor. This is called a:
Sea breeze
Land breeze
Valley breeze
Mountain breeze
Country breeze
A local wind that is associated with cooler air moving toward a city from the surrounding land is called a:
Sea breeze
Land breeze
Valley breeze
Mountain breeze
Country breeze
Warm, dry winds that move down leeward mountain slopes are called:
Chinooks
Santa Ana Wind
Wind vane
Prevailing wind
Cup anemometer
A warm, dry wind moving down a mountain slope in Southern California is called a:
Chinooks
Santa Ana Wind
Wind vane
Prevailing wind
Cup anemometer
The instrument most commonly used to determine wind direction is called a:
Chinooks
Santa Ana Wind
Wind vane
Prevailing wind
Cup anemometer
When the wind consistently blows more often from one direction than from any other, it is called a:
Chinooks
Santa Ana Wind
Wind vane
Prevailing wind
Cup anemometer
Wind speed is commonly measured using a:
Chinooks
Santa Ana Wind
Wind vane
Prevailing wind
Cup anemometer
An event that occurs in the Pacific Ocean where warmer ocean currents replace the more common colder ocean currents is called:
Chinooks
Santa Ana Wind
El Niño
Prevailing wind
La Niña
The seesaw pattern of atmospheric pressure changes between the eastern and western Pacific is called the:
Chinooks
Santa Ana Wind
El Niño
Southern oscillation
La Niña
Stronger than normal ocean currents and atmospheric conditions in the Pacific Ocean is known as:
Chinooks
Santa Ana Wind
El Niño
Southern oscillation
La Niña
Which way does wind generally blow on Earth?
From high pressure to low pressure
From low pressure to high pressure
From east to west
From north to south
How do you name a wind?
Based on where the wind is coming from
Based on where the wind is blowing to
Based on where the wind was created
Based on where the wind will end up
A wind coming from the Northeast and heading Southwest is called a:
Northern wind
Northeast wind
Southwest wind
Southern wind
When do sea breezes occur?
During the day when there is lower pressure over the land
During the day when there is higher pressure over the land
During the night when there is lower pressure over the land
During the night when there is higher pressure over the land
When do valley breezes occur?
During the day when the warmer air moves up the mountains
During the day when colder air moves down the mountains
During the night when warmer air moves up the mountains
During the night when colder air moves down the mountains
What is the major wind belt that affects most of the United States?
Westerlies
Easterlies
Trade winds
Northerlies
Which direction does the warm water current in the Pacific Ocean normally flow?
From South America towards Australia
From Australia towards South America
From the North Pole towards Antarctica
From Antarctica towards the North Pole
Which direction does the warm water current in the Pacific Ocean flow during El Nino?
From South America towards Australia
From Australia towards South America
From the North Pole towards Antarctica
From Antarctica towards the North Pole
Why does the warm water current in the South Pacific switch directions during El Nino?
The Trade Winds weaken in strength and allow the current to reverse direction
The Trade Winds reverse and blow in the opposite direction, causing the current to switch directions
The Jet Stream moves south and forces the current to reverse direction
Cold water off the coast of South America upwells, and forces the warmer water to reverse direction
What type of weather does much of the United States get during El Nino?
Warmer and wetter winter conditions
Colder and drier winter conditions
Colder and wetter winter conditions
Warmer and drier winter conditions
El Nino is a phenomenon that directly affects the surface waters of the_______________ocean.
Atlantic
Pacific
Indian
Arctic
Southern
Cold, deep waters, are drawn up when warm water moves away from the West coast of South America. The process of the cold water rising from the depths is called:
Upwelling
Gyre
Coriolis
El Niño
Southern oscillation
El Nino is a phenomenon that occurs as a result of the weakening of the:
trade winds
polar easterlies
doldrums
westerlies
A situation around a low pressure system where air is spiraling inward is called:
convergence
divergence
inversion
conclusion
Cyclones are associated with:
converging winds and ascending air
diverging winds and ascending air
diverging winds and descending air
converging winds and descending air
Low pressure systems are generally associated with:
"fair" weather
"bad" weather
clear skies and warm temperatures
Anticyclones are associated with:
converging winds and ascending air
converging winds and descending air
diverging winds and ascending air
diverging winds and descending air
High pressure systems are generally associated with:
"bad" weather
"fair" weather
thunderstorms and hail
On a weather map, centers of low air pressure are called ________
cyclones
anticyclones
convergence
divergence
barometric tendency
On a weather map, centers of high air pressure are called ________
cyclones
anticyclones
convergence
divergence
barometric tendency
Friction causes a net inflow of air around a low pressure center called _________.
cyclones
anticyclones
convergence
divergence
barometric tendency
Friction causes a net outflow of air around a high pressure center called _________.
cyclones
anticyclones
convergence
divergence
barometric tendency
Near the equator, the rising air is associated with the pressure zone known as the ________.
equatorial low
subtropical high
trade winds
polar easterlies
subpolar low
The center of subsiding dry air near 30⁰ north and south of the equator is called the ___________ pressure zone
equatorial low
subtropical high
trade winds
polar easterlies
subpolar low
The air belts that travel toward the equator produce the _______.
equatorial low
subtropical high
trade winds
polar easterlies
subpolar low
The air that travels throughout the mid-latitudes toward the poles produces the ________.
equatorial low
subtropical high
trade winds
westerlies
subpolar low
The air that travels from the poles toward the mid-latitudes produces the _________.
equatorial low
polar easterlies
trade winds
westerlies
subpolar low
The pressure zone between the poles and the mid-latitudes is known as the _________.
subpolar low
polar front
polar high
monsoons
polar easterlies
The interaction of warm and cool winds between the poles and the mid-latitudes produce the stormy belt known as the _________.
subpolar low
polar front
polar high
monsoons
polar easterlies
The pressure zone created by cold polar air subsiding is called the ________.
subpolar low
polar front
polar high
monsoons
polar easterlies
Seasonal changes in wind direction are known as the ________.
subpolar low
polar front
polar high
monsoons
polar easterlies
Why do cyclones spin counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere?
The Coriolis Effect deflects the winds to the right, so they rotate around counterclockwise
The Coriolis Effect deflects the winds to the left, so they rotate around counterclockwise
Because the main wind patterns move from west to east across the Northern Hemisphere, the winds of a cyclone spin counterclockwise
Because the main wind patterns move from east to west across the Northern Hemisphere, the winds of a cyclone spin counterclockwise
Why do cyclones spin clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere?
The Coriolis Effect deflects the winds to the right, so they rotate around clockwise
The Coriolis Effect deflects the winds to the left, so they rotate around clockwise
Because the main wind patterns move from west to east across the Southern Hemisphere, the winds of a cyclone spin clockwise
Because the main wind patterns move from east to west across the Southern Hemisphere, the winds of a cyclone spin clockwise
What creates low pressure areas?
Colder, subsiding air sinks and applies more pressure to an area
Warmer, subsiding air sinks and applies more pressure to an area
Colder, rising air creates less pressure over an area
Warmer, rising air creates less pressure over an area
What creates high pressure areas?
Colder, subsiding air sinks and applies more pressure to an area
Warmer, subsiding air sinks and applies more pressure to an area
Colder, rising air creates less pressure over an area
Warmer, rising air creates less pressure over an area
What happens to the air aloft above a high pressure center?
Because the air is sinking directly above a high pressure center, the winds aloft converge to fill the gap
Because the air is sinking directly above a high pressure center, the winds aloft diverge to make room
Because the air is rising directly above a high pressure center, the winds aloft converge to fill the gap
Because the air is rising directly above a high pressure center, the winds aloft diverge to make room
What happens to the air aloft above a low pressure center?
Because the air is sinking directly above a low pressure center, the winds aloft converge to fill the gap
Because the air is sinking directly above a low pressure center, the winds aloft diverge to make room
Because the air is rising directly above a low pressure center, the winds aloft converge to fill the gap
Because the air is rising directly above a low pressure center, the winds aloft diverge to make room
What happens to the surface air near a low pressure center?
Because the air is sinking directly above a low pressure center, the winds at the surface are pushed away
Because the air is sinking directly above a low pressure center, the winds at the surface are drawn in to fill the void
Because the air is rising directly above a low pressure center, the winds at the surface are drawn in to fill the void
Because the air is rising directly above a low pressure center, the winds at the surface are pushed away
What happens to the surface air near a high pressure center?
Because the air is sinking directly above a high pressure center, the winds at the surface are drawn in to fill the void
Because the air is sinking directly above a high pressure center, the winds at the surface are pushed away
Because the air is rising directly above a high pressure center, the winds at the surface are drawn in to fill the void
Because the air is rising directly above a high pressure center, the winds at the surface are pushed away
Identify Item #1
polar high
subpolar low
subtropical high
equatorial low
Identify Item #2
polar high
subpolar low
subtropical high
equatorial low
Identify Item #3
polar high
subpolar low
subtropical high
equatorial low
Identify Item #4
polar high
subpolar low
subtropical high
equatorial low
Identify Item #1
NE trade winds
SE trade winds
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Identify Item #2
NE trade winds
SE trade winds
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Identify Item #3
NE trade winds
SE trade winds
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Identify Item #4
NE trade winds
SE trade winds
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
What is the main factor that creates the different pressure zones on Earth?
The Sun
The ocean currents
Wind Patterns
The gravitational pull of the Moon
Hot, less dense air at the equator __________.
Sinks
Rises
Moves West
Moves East
The convective circulation of air between the equator and 30 degrees latitude are known as:
Hadley cells
Farrell Cells
Warm cells
White cells
Where the air sinks, at around 30 degrees, a __________ forms.
high pressure zone
low pressure zone
heavy precipitation zone
storm zone
Winds that move from the subtropical highs to the equator are called:
trade winds
westerlies
polar easterlies
cyclones
Winds to the North of the Equator curve to the ___________.
Right
Left
East
West
