A semiarid region of Africa that separates the Sahara from wetter regions.

The belief that natural objects have spirits.

A long deep valley formed by the movements of the earth's crust.

A family group that includes father, mother, children, and other close relatives.

An open grassland with scattered trees.

__________ is a densely forested area with heavy rainfall.

West Africans believed that the spirits of their __________ stayed close.

The Nok were the earliest West Africans to make and use weapons and tools make of _________.

__________ is a social organization based on family ties.

A __________ society is where leadership is passed down through the mother's family.

The capital city of Ghana

Money gained

Steps to accomplish a task

Exchanging goods without direct contact

The king of Ghana that ruled at its height

By 800, Ghana was in control of West Africa's __________.

In 1060 the __________ invaded Ghana and were a major factor in Ghana's decline.

The Soninke name for Ghana was __________.

In the CE 200s African traders started using __________ so that they could successfully cross the Sahara Desert.

Ghana became powerful because they learned how to use __________ tools and weapons.

__________ drove the price of salt and gold.

He ruled the Songhai Empire at its height.

He conquered Mali and made Songhai powerful.

He was the son of Mansa Musa, he was a weak leader

He was the founder of Mali.

He spread Mali's fame while on a pilgrimage to Mecca.

Like Ghana, Mali controlled the trade routes along the __________ River.

Morocco was able to defeat the Songhai Empire, in part due to the fact that they had advanced weapons like the early gun called the __________.

Sundiata introduced __________, a valuable new crop to Mali.

Like Mansa Musa, Askia the Great made a __________.

In Mali, __________ held both political and religious power.

__________ was the capital of the Songhai Empire.

Hand-woven, brightly colored West African fabric

A West African storyteller

A long poem about heroes and kingdoms.

A spoken record of past events.

A short saying of wisdom or truth

__________ was an epic poem about the founding of Ghana.

Most of what we know about West Africa was written by __________.

Sculptors made statues of their __________ for religious rituals.

The __________ was an epic poem about the founder of Mali.

West Africans carved __________ out of wood to be worn during special rituals in an attempt to communicate with their ancestors.

__________ was used to celebrate special events of ceremonies such as weddings and funerals.

The results of local African traditions blending with Christianity.

A Bantu kingdom founded in CE 1000.

A blend of African and Arab cultures common in East Africa.

Kingdom formed in East Africa.

Describes 400 different ethnic groups from sub-Saharan Africa.

One of the most important trade goods discovered in East Africa by Muslims was __________.

__________ was the most famous Ethiopian king.

__________ is a metal that was in high demand in Swahili markets.

Great Zimbabwe was founded by the __________ people.

The movement of people from West Africa to South and East Africa is known as the __________.

Small groups of people called __________ lived in East Africa.

__________ was an important mineral that was found in the desert.

__________ was an important mineral that was found in the rainforest.

Invaders called the Almoravids led to the collapse of Ghana because _________.

True of false: Internal rebellion played a part in the fall of Ghana.

The people of Songhai did not support Sunni Baru as king because __________.

All of these visitors wrote about West Africa EXCEPT:

True or False: Muslims thought coffee found in Ethiopia was a medicine because it helped them sleep.