Which of the following is closet in meaning to the word “qualms” (line 2)?

What is the topic of the text above ?

It is implied in the text that Martin Luther King, Jr . . .

Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Montgomery Bus Boycott?

In which lines of the text does the author mention the purposes of black activism during the 1960’s?

What does the word “he” (line 21) refers to ?

The word “subsequent” in (line 25) is closest in the meaning to . . .

What is the text primarily concerned with ?

How is the information in the last paragraph organized?

Which of the following statements about soldier ants is NOT True?

The author's purpose of writing the text is to . . .

In which lines of the text does the author mention the sight of army ants?

The phrase "happen upon" (line 22) is closest in meaning to . . .

It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the author tell us to ignore lions, tigers, and bears because . . .

Researchers have devised a simple way to monitor wide paths of the landscape without breaking a sweat: by listening to the “Conversation” honeybees have with each other. The scientifics’ analyses of the honeybee waggle dances reported in a journal Current Biology suggest that costly measure to set aside agricultural lands and let the windflowers grow can be very benefical to bees. “In the pas two decades, the European Union has spent 41 billion on agri-environment schemes to improve the rural landscape health and are required for all EU-member states, “says Margaret Couvillon at the University of Sussex. “However, there is little evidence evaluating these schemes. Our work uses a novel source of data – the honeybee, an organism that itself can benefit from healthly rural landscape – to evaluate not only environment, but also the schemes used to manage that environment.”

Couvillon and her colleagues recorded and decoded the waggle dances of bees in three hives over two year period. Bees dance to tell their fellow bees where to find the good stuff: the best nectar and pollen. The angle of their dances conveys information about the direction of resources while the duration conveys distance. Researchers can measure those dance characteristic in a matter of minutes with a protractor and timer.

In all, researchers “eavesdropped” on 5,484 dances to find that the best food within the 94 km² of mixed urban-rural landscape included in the study – as fas as bees and, by extension other insect pollinators are concerned – is a place called Castle Hill , which is the only National Nature Reserve in the area. More broadly, High Level agri-environment schemes were the best places for bees.

The researchers were surprised to find that Organic Entry level agri-environment schemes were the least frequented by bees. According to Couvillon, it may be that regular mowing required initially to discourage certain plants from growing in those plots mights leave few wildflowers for bees.

The study shows that honeybees can serve as bioindicators to monitor large land areas and provide information relevant to better environment to better environmental management. It also gives new meaning to them “worker bee.” “Imagine the time manpower, and cost to survey such an area on foot – to monitor nectar sources for quality and quantity of production, to count the number of the other flower – visiting insects to account for competition, and then to do this over and over for two foraging years, “Couvillon says. “Instead, we have let the honeybees do the hard work of surveying the landscape and the integrating all relevant costs and the providing, through their dance communication, this biologically relevant information about landscape quality.

In the last part of paragraph 5, the Couvillon holds the belief that . . .

Researchers have devised a simple way to monitor wide paths of the landscape without breaking a sweat: by listening to the “Conversation” honeybees have with each other. The scientifics’ analyses of the honeybee waggle dances reported in a journal Current Biology suggest that costly measure to set aside agricultural lands and let the windflowers grow can be very benefical to bees. “In the pas two decades, the European Union has spent 41 billion on agri-environment schemes to improve the rural landscape health and are required for all EU-member states, “says Margaret Couvillon at the University of Sussex. “However, there is little evidence evaluating these schemes. Our work uses a novel source of data – the honeybee, an organism that itself can benefit from healthly rural landscape – to evaluate not only environment, but also the schemes used to manage that environment.”

Couvillon and her colleagues recorded and decoded the waggle dances of bees in three hives over two year period. Bees dance to tell their fellow bees where to find the good stuff: the best nectar and pollen. The angle of their dances conveys information about the direction of resources while the duration conveys distance. Researchers can measure those dance characteristic in a matter of minutes with a protractor and timer.

In all, researchers “eavesdropped” on 5,484 dances to find that the best food within the 94 km² of mixed urban-rural landscape included in the study – as fas as bees and, by extension other insect pollinators are concerned – is a place called Castle Hill , which is the only National Nature Reserve in the area. More broadly, High Level agri-environment schemes were the best places for bees.

The researchers were surprised to find that Organic Entry level agri-environment schemes were the least frequented by bees. According to Couvillon, it may be that regular mowing required initially to discourage certain plants from growing in those plots mights leave few wildflowers for bees.

The study shows that honeybees can serve as bioindicators to monitor large land areas and provide information relevant to better environment to better environmental management. It also gives new meaning to them “worker bee.” “Imagine the time manpower, and cost to survey such an area on foot – to monitor nectar sources for quality and quantity of production, to count the number of the other flower – visiting insects to account for competition, and then to do this over and over for two foraging years, “Couvillon says. “Instead, we have let the honeybees do the hard work of surveying the landscape and the integrating all relevant costs and the providing, through their dance communication, this biologically relevant information about landscape quality.

In organizing the ideas in the passage, the author starts by . . .

Researchers have devised a simple way to monitor wide paths of the landscape without breaking a sweat: by listening to the “Conversation” honeybees have with each other. The scientifics’ analyses of the honeybee waggle dances reported in a journal Current Biology suggest that costly measure to set aside agricultural lands and let the windflowers grow can be very benefical to bees. “In the pas two decades, the European Union has spent 41 billion on agri-environment schemes to improve the rural landscape health and are required for all EU-member states, “says Margaret Couvillon at the University of Sussex. “However, there is little evidence evaluating these schemes. Our work uses a novel source of data – the honeybee, an organism that itself can benefit from healthly rural landscape – to evaluate not only environment, but also the schemes used to manage that environment.”

Couvillon and her colleagues recorded and decoded the waggle dances of bees in three hives over two year period. Bees dance to tell their fellow bees where to find the good stuff: the best nectar and pollen. The angle of their dances conveys information about the direction of resources while the duration conveys distance. Researchers can measure those dance characteristic in a matter of minutes with a protractor and timer.

In all, researchers “eavesdropped” on 5,484 dances to find that the best food within the 94 km² of mixed urban-rural landscape included in the study – as fas as bees and, by extension other insect pollinators are concerned – is a place called Castle Hill , which is the only National Nature Reserve in the area. More broadly, High Level agri-environment schemes were the best places for bees.

The researchers were surprised to find that Organic Entry level agri-environment schemes were the least frequented by bees. According to Couvillon, it may be that regular mowing required initially to discourage certain plants from growing in those plots mights leave few wildflowers for bees.

The study shows that honeybees can serve as bioindicators to monitor large land areas and provide information relevant to better environment to better environmental management. It also gives new meaning to them “worker bee.” “Imagine the time manpower, and cost to survey such an area on foot – to monitor nectar sources for quality and quantity of production, to count the number of the other flower – visiting insects to account for competition, and then to do this over and over for two foraging years, “Couvillon says. “Instead, we have let the honeybees do the hard work of surveying the landscape and the integrating all relevant costs and the providing, through their dance communication, this biologically relevant information about landscape quality.

Which reflects the author’s attitude towards the topic presented in the first paragraph of the passage ?

Researchers have devised a simple way to monitor wide paths of the landscape without breaking a sweat: by listening to the “Conversation” honeybees have with each other. The scientifics’ analyses of the honeybee waggle dances reported in a journal Current Biology suggest that costly measure to set aside agricultural lands and let the windflowers grow can be very benefical to bees. “In the pas two decades, the European Union has spent 41 billion on agri-environment schemes to improve the rural landscape health and are required for all EU-member states, “says Margaret Couvillon at the University of Sussex. “However, there is little evidence evaluating these schemes. Our work uses a novel source of data – the honeybee, an organism that itself can benefit from healthly rural landscape – to evaluate not only environment, but also the schemes used to manage that environment.”

Couvillon and her colleagues recorded and decoded the waggle dances of bees in three hives over two year period. Bees dance to tell their fellow bees where to find the good stuff: the best nectar and pollen. The angle of their dances conveys information about the direction of resources while the duration conveys distance. Researchers can measure those dance characteristic in a matter of minutes with a protractor and timer.

In all, researchers “eavesdropped” on 5,484 dances to find that the best food within the 94 km² of mixed urban-rural landscape included in the study – as fas as bees and, by extension other insect pollinators are concerned – is a place called Castle Hill , which is the only National Nature Reserve in the area. More broadly, High Level agri-environment schemes were the best places for bees.

The researchers were surprised to find that Organic Entry level agri-environment schemes were the least frequented by bees. According to Couvillon, it may be that regular mowing required initially to discourage certain plants from growing in those plots mights leave few wildflowers for bees.

The study shows that honeybees can serve as bioindicators to monitor large land areas and provide information relevant to better environment to better environmental management. It also gives new meaning to them “worker bee.” “Imagine the time manpower, and cost to survey such an area on foot – to monitor nectar sources for quality and quantity of production, to count the number of the other flower – visiting insects to account for competition, and then to do this over and over for two foraging years, “Couvillon says. “Instead, we have let the honeybees do the hard work of surveying the landscape and the integrating all relevant costs and the providing, through their dance communication, this biologically relevant information about landscape quality.

The paragraph following the passage most likey deals with . . .

Researchers have devised a simple way to monitor wide paths of the landscape without breaking a sweat: by listening to the “Conversation” honeybees have with each other. The scientifics’ analyses of the honeybee waggle dances reported in a journal Current Biology suggest that costly measure to set aside agricultural lands and let the windflowers grow can be very benefical to bees. “In the pas two decades, the European Union has spent 41 billion on agri-environment schemes to improve the rural landscape health and are required for all EU-member states, “says Margaret Couvillon at the University of Sussex. “However, there is little evidence evaluating these schemes. Our work uses a novel source of data – the honeybee, an organism that itself can benefit from healthly rural landscape – to evaluate not only environment, but also the schemes used to manage that environment.”

Couvillon and her colleagues recorded and decoded the waggle dances of bees in three hives over two year period. Bees dance to tell their fellow bees where to find the good stuff: the best nectar and pollen. The angle of their dances conveys information about the direction of resources while the duration conveys distance. Researchers can measure those dance characteristic in a matter of minutes with a protractor and timer.

In all, researchers “eavesdropped” on 5,484 dances to find that the best food within the 94 km² of mixed urban-rural landscape included in the study – as fas as bees and, by extension other insect pollinators are concerned – is a place called Castle Hill , which is the only National Nature Reserve in the area. More broadly, High Level agri-environment schemes were the best places for bees.

The researchers were surprised to find that Organic Entry level agri-environment schemes were the least frequented by bees. According to Couvillon, it may be that regular mowing required initially to discourage certain plants from growing in those plots mights leave few wildflowers for bees.

The study shows that honeybees can serve as bioindicators to monitor large land areas and provide information relevant to better environment to better environmental management. It also gives new meaning to them “worker bee.” “Imagine the time manpower, and cost to survey such an area on foot – to monitor nectar sources for quality and quantity of production, to count the number of the other flower – visiting insects to account for competition, and then to do this over and over for two foraging years, “Couvillon says. “Instead, we have let the honeybees do the hard work of surveying the landscape and the integrating all relevant costs and the providing, through their dance communication, this biologically relevant information about landscape quality.

Ideas in the second paragraph may be best summarized as . . .

Researchers have devised a simple way to monitor wide paths of the landscape without breaking a sweat: by listening to the “Conversation” honeybees have with each other. The scientifics’ analyses of the honeybee waggle dances reported in a journal Current Biology suggest that costly measure to set aside agricultural lands and let the windflowers grow can be very benefical to bees. “In the pas two decades, the European Union has spent 41 billion on agri-environment schemes to improve the rural landscape health and are required for all EU-member states, “says Margaret Couvillon at the University of Sussex. “However, there is little evidence evaluating these schemes. Our work uses a novel source of data – the honeybee, an organism that itself can benefit from healthly rural landscape – to evaluate not only environment, but also the schemes used to manage that environment.”

Couvillon and her colleagues recorded and decoded the waggle dances of bees in three hives over two year period. Bees dance to tell their fellow bees where to find the good stuff: the best nectar and pollen. The angle of their dances conveys information about the direction of resources while the duration conveys distance. Researchers can measure those dance characteristic in a matter of minutes with a protractor and timer.

In all, researchers “eavesdropped” on 5,484 dances to find that the best food within the 94 km² of mixed urban-rural landscape included in the study – as fas as bees and, by extension other insect pollinators are concerned – is a place called Castle Hill , which is the only National Nature Reserve in the area. More broadly, High Level agri-environment schemes were the best places for bees.

The researchers were surprised to find that Organic Entry level agri-environment schemes were the least frequented by bees. According to Couvillon, it may be that regular mowing required initially to discourage certain plants from growing in those plots mights leave few wildflowers for bees.

The study shows that honeybees can serve as bioindicators to monitor large land areas and provide information relevant to better environment to better environmental management. It also gives new meaning to them “worker bee.” “Imagine the time manpower, and cost to survey such an area on foot – to monitor nectar sources for quality and quantity of production, to count the number of the other flower – visiting insects to account for competition, and then to do this over and over for two foraging years, “Couvillon says. “Instead, we have let the honeybees do the hard work of surveying the landscape and the integrating all relevant costs and the providing, through their dance communication, this biologically relevant information about landscape quality.

Based on the passage, honeybees will do their job optimally to monitor rural environment . . .

The present study sought to document the word reading and comprehension levels attained by children who were implanted by 5 year of age. It was hypothesized that the improved speech perception abilities acquired with cochlear implantation would promote phonological coding skills. (1) . . .

Three subtests of diagnostic reading assessment battries standardized on hearing children were of administreted to 181 children between 8 year 0 month and 9 year 11 month of age who had 4 to 6 years of implant experience. (2) . . . It included a lexical decision task, rhyme task, and the digit span substest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

Over half of the children scored within the average range for their age compared with the normative data for hearing children. (3) . . . They were higher nonverbal intelligence, higher family socio-economicstatus, and later onset of deafness between birth and 36 months.

Which option best completes (1) ?

The present study sought to document the word reading and comprehension levels attained by children who were implanted by 5 year of age. It was hypothesized that the improved speech perception abilities acquired with cochlear implantation would promote phonological coding skills. (1) . . .

Three subtests of diagnostic reading assessment battries standardized on hearing children were of administreted to 181 children between 8 year 0 month and 9 year 11 month of age who had 4 to 6 years of implant experience. (2) . . . It included a lexical decision task, rhyme task, and the digit span substest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

Over half of the children scored within the average range for their age compared with the normative data for hearing children. (3) . . . They were higher nonverbal intelligence, higher family socio-economicstatus, and later onset of deafness between birth and 36 months.

Which option best completes (2) ?

The present study sought to document the word reading and comprehension levels attained by children who were implanted by 5 year of age. It was hypothesized that the improved speech perception abilities acquired with cochlear implantation would promote phonological coding skills. (1) . . .

Three subtests of diagnostic reading assessment battries standardized on hearing children were of administreted to 181 children between 8 year 0 month and 9 year 11 month of age who had 4 to 6 years of implant experience. (2) . . . It included a lexical decision task, rhyme task, and the digit span substest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

Over half of the children scored within the average range for their age compared with the normative data for hearing children. (3) . . . They were higher nonverbal intelligence, higher family socio-economicstatus, and later onset of deafness between birth and 36 months.

Which option best completes (3) ?

The food stimulating a suspicion on course for inspiring even more wonder from medical standpoint as scientists have reported the latest evidence that chili peppers are a heart-healty food with potential to protect against the no. I cause of death in the developed world. The report was part of the 243^rd National Meeting and Exposition of the AmericaChemical Society (ACS).

The study focused on capsaicin and its fiery-hot relatives, a spicy family of substances termed “capsaicinoids”. As the stuff that gives cayennes, jalapenos, habaneros and other chili pepper their heat, forms pain. Past research suggest that spicing food with chilies can lower blood pressure in people with that condition, reduce blood cholesterol, and ease the tendency for dangerous blood clots to form.

“Our research has reinforced and expanded knowledge about how these substances in chillies work in improving heart health, “said Zhen-Yu Chen, who presented the study. “We now have a clearer and more detailed portrait of their innermost effects on genes and other mechanisms that influence cholesterol and the health of vlood vessels/ it is among the research to provide that information. “Then team found, for instance that capsaicin and close chemical relative boost heart health in two days. Hey lower cholesterol levels by reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the body and increasing its breakdown and excreation in the faces. They also block action of gene that makes arteries contact, restricting the flow of blood the heart and other organs. The blocking action allows more blood to flow through blood vessels.

“We conclude that capsaicinoid were benefical in improving a range of factors related to heart and blood vessel health, “said Chen, a professor of food and nutritional science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. “But, we certainly do not recommend that people start consuming chilies to an excess. A good diet is a matter of balance. And remember, chilies are no substitute for the prescription foe medications proven to be benefical. The may be anice supplement, however, for people who find the hot flavor pleasant”.

Chen and his colleagues turned to hamsters for the study, animals that serve as stand-ins for humans in research that cannot be performed in people. They gave the hamsters high-cholesterol diets, divided them into two groups, and supplemented each group’s food with either no capsaicinoids in the control groups or various amounts of capsaicinoids. The scientists then analyzed the effects.

In addition to reducing total cholesterol level in blood, capsaicinoids reduced level of the so-called “bad” cholesterol which deposits into blood vessles, but did not affect level of so c-called “good” cholesterol. The team found indications that capsaicinoids may reduce the size of deposits that already have formed in blood vessels, narrowing arteries in ways that can lead to heart attacks of strokes.

Capsaicinoids also blocked the activity of gene that produces cycloxygenease-2 a substance that makes the muscle around blood vessels tighten. By blocking it muscles can relaxe and widen, allowing more blood to flow.

In relation to paragraph 2, what does paragraph 3 inform ?

The food stimulating a suspicion on course for inspiring even more wonder from medical standpoint as scientists have reported the latest evidence that chili peppers are a heart-healty food with potential to protect against the no. I cause of death in the developed world. The report was part of the 243^rd National Meeting and Exposition of the AmericaChemical Society (ACS).

The study focused on capsaicin and its fiery-hot relatives, a spicy family of substances termed “capsaicinoids”. As the stuff that gives cayennes, jalapenos, habaneros and other chili pepper their heat, forms pain. Past research suggest that spicing food with chilies can lower blood pressure in people with that condition, reduce blood cholesterol, and ease the tendency for dangerous blood clots to form.

“Our research has reinforced and expanded knowledge about how these substances in chillies work in improving heart health, “said Zhen-Yu Chen, who presented the study. “We now have a clearer and more detailed portrait of their innermost effects on genes and other mechanisms that influence cholesterol and the health of vlood vessels/ it is among the research to provide that information. “Then team found, for instance that capsaicin and close chemical relative boost heart health in two days. Hey lower cholesterol levels by reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the body and increasing its breakdown and excreation in the faces. They also block action of gene that makes arteries contact, restricting the flow of blood the heart and other organs. The blocking action allows more blood to flow through blood vessels.

“We conclude that capsaicinoid were benefical in improving a range of factors related to heart and blood vessel health, “said Chen, a professor of food and nutritional science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. “But, we certainly do not recommend that people start consuming chilies to an excess. A good diet is a matter of balance. And remember, chilies are no substitute for the prescription foe medications proven to be benefical. The may be anice supplement, however, for people who find the hot flavor pleasant”.

Chen and his colleagues turned to hamsters for the study, animals that serve as stand-ins for humans in research that cannot be performed in people. They gave the hamsters high-cholesterol diets, divided them into two groups, and supplemented each group’s food with either no capsaicinoids in the control groups or various amounts of capsaicinoids. The scientists then analyzed the effects.

In addition to reducing total cholesterol level in blood, capsaicinoids reduced level of the so-called “bad” cholesterol which deposits into blood vessles, but did not affect level of so c-called “good” cholesterol. The team found indications that capsaicinoids may reduce the size of deposits that already have formed in blood vessels, narrowing arteries in ways that can lead to heart attacks of strokes.

Capsaicinoids also blocked the activity of gene that produces cycloxygenease-2 a substance that makes the muscle around blood vessels tighten. By blocking it muscles can relaxe and widen, allowing more blood to flow.

Based on the passage,the relationships between capsaicinoids and artery disorders is analogous with which of the following ?

The food stimulating a suspicion on course for inspiring even more wonder from medical standpoint as scientists have reported the latest evidence that chili peppers are a heart-healty food with potential to protect against the no. I cause of death in the developed world. The report was part of the 243^rd National Meeting and Exposition of the AmericaChemical Society (ACS).

The study focused on capsaicin and its fiery-hot relatives, a spicy family of substances termed “capsaicinoids”. As the stuff that gives cayennes, jalapenos, habaneros and other chili pepper their heat, forms pain. Past research suggest that spicing food with chilies can lower blood pressure in people with that condition, reduce blood cholesterol, and ease the tendency for dangerous blood clots to form.

“Our research has reinforced and expanded knowledge about how these substances in chillies work in improving heart health, “said Zhen-Yu Chen, who presented the study. “We now have a clearer and more detailed portrait of their innermost effects on genes and other mechanisms that influence cholesterol and the health of vlood vessels/ it is among the research to provide that information. “Then team found, for instance that capsaicin and close chemical relative boost heart health in two days. Hey lower cholesterol levels by reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the body and increasing its breakdown and excreation in the faces. They also block action of gene that makes arteries contact, restricting the flow of blood the heart and other organs. The blocking action allows more blood to flow through blood vessels.

“We conclude that capsaicinoid were benefical in improving a range of factors related to heart and blood vessel health, “said Chen, a professor of food and nutritional science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. “But, we certainly do not recommend that people start consuming chilies to an excess. A good diet is a matter of balance. And remember, chilies are no substitute for the prescription foe medications proven to be benefical. The may be anice supplement, however, for people who find the hot flavor pleasant”.

Chen and his colleagues turned to hamsters for the study, animals that serve as stand-ins for humans in research that cannot be performed in people. They gave the hamsters high-cholesterol diets, divided them into two groups, and supplemented each group’s food with either no capsaicinoids in the control groups or various amounts of capsaicinoids. The scientists then analyzed the effects.

In addition to reducing total cholesterol level in blood, capsaicinoids reduced level of the so-called “bad” cholesterol which deposits into blood vessles, but did not affect level of so c-called “good” cholesterol. The team found indications that capsaicinoids may reduce the size of deposits that already have formed in blood vessels, narrowing arteries in ways that can lead to heart attacks of strokes.

Capsaicinoids also blocked the activity of gene that produces cycloxygenease-2 a substance that makes the muscle around blood vessels tighten. By blocking it muscles can relaxe and widen, allowing more blood to flow.

With reference to capsaicinoids describes in the passage, the author Prof. Chen believe that . . .

The food stimulating a suspicion on course for inspiring even more wonder from medical standpoint as scientists have reported the latest evidence that chili peppers are a heart-healty food with potential to protect against the no. I cause of death in the developed world. The report was part of the 243^rd National Meeting and Exposition of the AmericaChemical Society (ACS).

The study focused on capsaicin and its fiery-hot relatives, a spicy family of substances termed “capsaicinoids”. As the stuff that gives cayennes, jalapenos, habaneros and other chili pepper their heat, forms pain. Past research suggest that spicing food with chilies can lower blood pressure in people with that condition, reduce blood cholesterol, and ease the tendency for dangerous blood clots to form.

“Our research has reinforced and expanded knowledge about how these substances in chillies work in improving heart health, “said Zhen-Yu Chen, who presented the study. “We now have a clearer and more detailed portrait of their innermost effects on genes and other mechanisms that influence cholesterol and the health of vlood vessels/ it is among the research to provide that information. “Then team found, for instance that capsaicin and close chemical relative boost heart health in two days. Hey lower cholesterol levels by reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the body and increasing its breakdown and excreation in the faces. They also block action of gene that makes arteries contact, restricting the flow of blood the heart and other organs. The blocking action allows more blood to flow through blood vessels.

“We conclude that capsaicinoid were benefical in improving a range of factors related to heart and blood vessel health, “said Chen, a professor of food and nutritional science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. “But, we certainly do not recommend that people start consuming chilies to an excess. A good diet is a matter of balance. And remember, chilies are no substitute for the prescription foe medications proven to be benefical. The may be anice supplement, however, for people who find the hot flavor pleasant”.

Chen and his colleagues turned to hamsters for the study, animals that serve as stand-ins for humans in research that cannot be performed in people. They gave the hamsters high-cholesterol diets, divided them into two groups, and supplemented each group’s food with either no capsaicinoids in the control groups or various amounts of capsaicinoids. The scientists then analyzed the effects.

In addition to reducing total cholesterol level in blood, capsaicinoids reduced level of the so-called “bad” cholesterol which deposits into blood vessles, but did not affect level of so c-called “good” cholesterol. The team found indications that capsaicinoids may reduce the size of deposits that already have formed in blood vessels, narrowing arteries in ways that can lead to heart attacks of strokes.

Capsaicinoids also blocked the activity of gene that produces cycloxygenease-2 a substance that makes the muscle around blood vessels tighten. By blocking it muscles can relaxe and widen, allowing more blood to flow.

Which paragraphs of the passage most effectively illustrate the curing power of capsaicinoids?

The food stimulating a suspicion on course for inspiring even more wonder from medical standpoint as scientists have reported the latest evidence that chili peppers are a heart-healty food with potential to protect against the no. I cause of death in the developed world. The report was part of the 243^rd National Meeting and Exposition of the AmericaChemical Society (ACS).

The study focused on capsaicin and its fiery-hot relatives, a spicy family of substances termed “capsaicinoids”. As the stuff that gives cayennes, jalapenos, habaneros and other chili pepper their heat, forms pain. Past research suggest that spicing food with chilies can lower blood pressure in people with that condition, reduce blood cholesterol, and ease the tendency for dangerous blood clots to form.

“Our research has reinforced and expanded knowledge about how these substances in chillies work in improving heart health, “said Zhen-Yu Chen, who presented the study. “We now have a clearer and more detailed portrait of their innermost effects on genes and other mechanisms that influence cholesterol and the health of vlood vessels/ it is among the research to provide that information. “Then team found, for instance that capsaicin and close chemical relative boost heart health in two days. Hey lower cholesterol levels by reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the body and increasing its breakdown and excreation in the faces. They also block action of gene that makes arteries contact, restricting the flow of blood the heart and other organs. The blocking action allows more blood to flow through blood vessels.

“We conclude that capsaicinoid were benefical in improving a range of factors related to heart and blood vessel health, “said Chen, a professor of food and nutritional science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. “But, we certainly do not recommend that people start consuming chilies to an excess. A good diet is a matter of balance. And remember, chilies are no substitute for the prescription foe medications proven to be benefical. The may be anice supplement, however, for people who find the hot flavor pleasant”.

Chen and his colleagues turned to hamsters for the study, animals that serve as stand-ins for humans in research that cannot be performed in people. They gave the hamsters high-cholesterol diets, divided them into two groups, and supplemented each group’s food with either no capsaicinoids in the control groups or various amounts of capsaicinoids. The scientists then analyzed the effects.

In addition to reducing total cholesterol level in blood, capsaicinoids reduced level of the so-called “bad” cholesterol which deposits into blood vessles, but did not affect level of so c-called “good” cholesterol. The team found indications that capsaicinoids may reduce the size of deposits that already have formed in blood vessels, narrowing arteries in ways that can lead to heart attacks of strokes.

Capsaicinoids also blocked the activity of gene that produces cycloxygenease-2 a substance that makes the muscle around blood vessels tighten. By blocking it muscles can relaxe and widen, allowing more blood to flow.

The author of he passage implies that . . .

The food stimulating a suspicion on course for inspiring even more wonder from medical standpoint as scientists have reported the latest evidence that chili peppers are a heart-healty food with potential to protect against the no. I cause of death in the developed world. The report was part of the 243^rd National Meeting and Exposition of the AmericaChemical Society (ACS).

The study focused on capsaicin and its fiery-hot relatives, a spicy family of substances termed “capsaicinoids”. As the stuff that gives cayennes, jalapenos, habaneros and other chili pepper their heat, forms pain. Past research suggest that spicing food with chilies can lower blood pressure in people with that condition, reduce blood cholesterol, and ease the tendency for dangerous blood clots to form.

“Our research has reinforced and expanded knowledge about how these substances in chillies work in improving heart health, “said Zhen-Yu Chen, who presented the study. “We now have a clearer and more detailed portrait of their innermost effects on genes and other mechanisms that influence cholesterol and the health of vlood vessels/ it is among the research to provide that information. “Then team found, for instance that capsaicin and close chemical relative boost heart health in two days. Hey lower cholesterol levels by reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the body and increasing its breakdown and excreation in the faces. They also block action of gene that makes arteries contact, restricting the flow of blood the heart and other organs. The blocking action allows more blood to flow through blood vessels.

“We conclude that capsaicinoid were benefical in improving a range of factors related to heart and blood vessel health, “said Chen, a professor of food and nutritional science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. “But, we certainly do not recommend that people start consuming chilies to an excess. A good diet is a matter of balance. And remember, chilies are no substitute for the prescription foe medications proven to be benefical. The may be anice supplement, however, for people who find the hot flavor pleasant”.

Chen and his colleagues turned to hamsters for the study, animals that serve as stand-ins for humans in research that cannot be performed in people. They gave the hamsters high-cholesterol diets, divided them into two groups, and supplemented each group’s food with either no capsaicinoids in the control groups or various amounts of capsaicinoids. The scientists then analyzed the effects.

In addition to reducing total cholesterol level in blood, capsaicinoids reduced level of the so-called “bad” cholesterol which deposits into blood vessles, but did not affect level of so c-called “good” cholesterol. The team found indications that capsaicinoids may reduce the size of deposits that already have formed in blood vessels, narrowing arteries in ways that can lead to heart attacks of strokes.

Capsaicinoids also blocked the activity of gene that produces cycloxygenease-2 a substance that makes the muscle around blood vessels tighten. By blocking it muscles can relaxe and widen, allowing more blood to flow.

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