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Earth Science Weathering and Erosion

Total questions: 17

Worksheet time: 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which process describes the downward sliding of the rock material?

a)

tidal changes

b)

glacial erosion

c)

mass movement

d)

lava flow

2.

The photograph below shows conglomerate composed of pebbles cemented together with calcite. Compared to the ages of the calcite cement and the conglomerate, the relative ages of the pebbles are

a)

younger than both the calcite cement and the conglomerate

b)

younger than the calcite cement, but the same age as the conglomerate

c)

older than both the calcite cement and the conglomerate

d)

older than the calcite cement, but the same age as the conglomerate

3.

At which New York State location can intensely metamorphosed surface bedrock be found?

a)

Rochester

b)

Old Forge

c)

Slide Mountaing

d)

Utica

4.

Which geologic processes are most likely responsible for the banding and alignment of mineral crystals represented in diagram B?

a)

melting and solidification

b)

heating and increasing pressure

c)

compaction and cementation

d)

weathering and erosion

5.

The diagram above represents a naturally occurring geologic process. Which process is best illustrated by the diagram?

a)

cementation

b)

erosion

c)

metamorphism

d)

weathering

6.

The soil shown in time 2 was formed mainly by

a)

compaction and cementing

b)

weathering and biological activity

c)

faulting and tilting of rock strata

d)

mass movement and deposition of particles

7.

Earth has sedimentary bedrock of marine origin

that is four billion years old. Which inference

can be made from this information?

a)

Earth had oceans four billion years ago.

b)

Sedimentary rocks formed from magma when Earth cooled four billion years ago.

c)

Most sedimentary rocks are at least four billion years old.

d)

Life existed on Earth four billion years ago.

8.

The block diagram below represents a landscape

where caverns and sinkholes have gradually

developed over a long period of time.

a)

The bedrock chemically reacted with acidic groundwater.

b)

This type of bedrock contained large amounts of oxygen and silicon.

c)

Glacial deposits altered the shape of the bedrock.

d)

Crustal uplift formed gaps in the bedrock.

9.

The cross section below shows soil layer X, which was formed from underlying bedrock. Which change would most likely cause soil layer X to increase in thickness?

a)

a decrease in slope

b)

a decrease in rainfall

c)

an increase in biologic activity

d)

an increase in air pressure

10.

The cross section below shows layers of soil. Which two processes produced the layer of dark brown to black soil?

a)

melting and solidification of magma

b)

erosion and uplifting

c)

weathering and biologic activity

d)

compaction and cementation

11.

In addition to the ash, solid rock formed on Mt. Hekla from the lava extruded during this eruption. This rock is most likely

a)

light-colored metamorphic

b)

dark-colored metamorphic

c)

fine-grained igneous

d)

coarse-grained igneous

12.

The fine-grained texture of most of the igneous rock formed on the surface of Iceland is due to

a)

rapid cooling of the molten rock

b)

high density of the molten rock

c)

numerous faults in the island's bedrock

d)

high pressure under the island

13.

The diagram below shows granite bedrock with cracks. Water has seeped into the cracks and frozen. The arrows represent the directions in which the cracks have widened due to weathering. Which statement best describes the physical weathering shown by the diagram?

a)

Enlargement of the cracks occurs because water expands when it freezes.

b)

This type of weathering occurs only in bedrock composed of granite.

c)

The cracks become wider because of chemical reactions between water and the rock.

d)

This type of weathering is common in regions of primarily warm and humid climates.

14.

The diagram below shows four magnified block-shaped sandstone samples labeled A, B, C, and D. Each sandstone sample contains quartz grains of different shapes and sizes. The quartz grains are held together by hematite cement. In which sample did the quartz grains undergo the most abrasion during erosional transport?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

15.

The diagrams below represent four different examples of one process that transports sediments. Which process is shown in these diagrams?

a)

chemical weathering

b)

wind action

c)

mass movement

d)

rock abrasion

16.

Which term best identifies the type of weathering represented by A?

a)

physical

b)

biological

c)

chemical

d)

glacial

17.

The two block diagrams below represent the formation of caves. Which types of weathering and erosion are primarily responsible for the formation of caves?

a)

chemical weathering and groundwater flow

b)

chemical weathering and runoff

c)

physical weathering and groundwater flow

d)

physical weathering and runoff