is a condition characterized by a sense of mis-match, which eludes precise definition, between what is perceived to be actuality and what is perceived might become actuality

the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.

defined as any situation in which a gap is perceived to exist between what is and what should be

is the gap between the present situation and a more desirable one

Objective Finding - Fact Finding - Problem Finding - Idea Finding - Acceptance Finding - Solution Finding

Objective Finding - Problem Finding - Fact Finding - Idea Finding - Acceptance Finding - Solution Finding

Fact Finding - Objective Finding - Problem Finding - Idea Finding - Solution Finding - Acceptance Finding

Objective Finding - Fact Finding - Problem Finding - Idea Finding - Solution Finding - Acceptance Finding

Ill-defined: information about such is ambiguous and incomplete

Well structure: straightforward, familiar to decision maker, and the goal is clear

Troubleshooting: A reactive process of rapidly fixing abnormal conditions by returning things to immediately known standards.

Programmed: decisions are repetitive handled by routine approach

Gap from goal or standard

System below the surface, bringing about the problem

Results or outcome of the problem

Not obvious

DEANNES ISYNUWARDHANA

RATRI WAHYUNINGTYAS

NORA AMELDA RIZAL

ELVIRA AZIS

Analyze the identified causes to determine the most likely root causes.

Identify the main categories of causes of the problem and write them on branches emanating from the large arrow

Brainstorm and write all possible causes in the applicable area(s) of the chart. Write causes that belong under more than one category in all relevant positions

Draw the problem at the right end of a large arrow. Allow space for the causes to be generated.

Draw the problem at the right end of a large arrow. Allow space for the causes to be generated.

Clearly describe the problem for which causes are sought.

Identify the main categories of causes of the problem and write them on branches emanating from the large arrow

Brainstorm and write all possible causes in the applicable area(s) of the chart. Write causes that belong under more than one category in all relevant positions

Be realistic about your problem

Think of as many ideas as you can

Push to diverge as much as possible

Look for ways to modify or otherwise combine ideas

Allow ideas to incubate

Avoid the “killer instinct”

Be systematic

Clarify and make known your evaluation criteria

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