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WHS INT SCI- Unit 05 Practice Test - Shaping of the Earth

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The earth is ______________of years old

a)

Hundreds

b)

Millions

c)

Billions

d)

Trillions

2.

Mammals are a dominant group in which era?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Cambrianozoic

3.

What era did the formation of the earth occur?

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Precambrian

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Cambrian

4.

How old do Paleontologists believe the Earth is?

a)

2019 years old

b)

3.6 billion years old

c)

4.6 billion years old

d)

4.6 million years old

5.

What type of event usually marks the end of an Era

a)

A Mass Extinction

b)

A Quinceanera

c)

An earthquake

d)

A Volcanic Eruption

6.

What are the four eras in order from OLDEST to NEWEST?

a)

Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

b)

Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic

c)

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-Cambrian

d)

Mesozoic, Pre-Cambrian, Cenozoic, Paleozoic

7.

What era did trilobites, fishes, and other marine organisms dominate?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

8.

Which era is the most recent, the one that we are currently in?

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Precambrian

9.

Scientists chose where units of geologic time began and ended based on the appearance or disappearance of life.

a)

true

b)

false

10.

The dinosaurs and reptiles were dominant in which Era?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Cenozoic

11.

90% of Earth’s history occurred during which era?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

12.

At the end of this era, multi-cellular organisms like sponges, jellyfish and worms filled the oceans.

a)

Precambrian Era

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

13.

When did the first birds appear?

a)

Cambrian

b)

Permian

c)

Cretaceous & Triassic

d)

Mesozoic and Jurassic

14.

The period of geologic time when the biodiversity of life on the planet increased dramatically was

a)

Jurassic

b)

Triassic

c)

Permian

d)

Cambrian

15.
How do most fossils form?
a)
A living thing dies and is buried under sediment
b)
The sediment is compressed and compacted 
c)
They are formed in sedimentary rock
d)
All of these answers
16.
What is a trail, track or burrow left behind by an animal that later fossilized?
a)
A trace fossil
b)
A carbon film
c)
A petrified fossil
d)
An extrusion
17.
What is a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found?
a)
a petrified fossil
b)
a trace fossil
c)
a cast fossil
d)
an index fossil
18.
What is the Law of Superposition?
a)
The oldest rocks are at the top of the sequence and the youngest are at the bottom
b)
The rocks at the bottom of the sequence must be super strong to support those above
c)
The youngest rocks are at the top of the sequence and the oldest are at the bottom
d)
The forcing of molten rock into an earlier formation
19.
What things can fossils reveal about Earth?
a)
How life has changed over time
b)
All of these answers
c)
How Earth's climate has changed over time
d)
How Earth's features have changed over time
20.
What is relative age?
a)
The geologic age of a fossil, rock or geologic feature defined relative to other fossils, rocks or features
b)
The geologic age of a fossil based on when the relatives of that fossil died
c)
The geologic age of a fossil, or geologic event expressed in units of time
d)
How old your mom is
21.
This palm tree fossil was found in Alaska. What can you conclude?
a)
Alaska used to be under water
b)
Alaska once had a much warmer climate
c)
Alaska was once an island
d)
This fossil washed up on the Alaskan shore
22.
Which of the following orders the rock layers accurately from youngest to oldest?
a)
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b)
5, 4, 3, 2, 1
c)
2, 3, 4, 5, 1
d)
1, 2, 3, 5, 4
23.

The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?

a)

The absolute age of rock layers

b)

The age of fossils

c)

The relative age of rock layers

d)

the super powers of squirrels

24.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
25.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
26.

Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?

a)

A, B, C, D, E

b)

E, B, C, D, A

c)

E, D, C, B, A

d)

C, B, A, D, E

27.
What is the oldest layer in the outcrop?
a)
B
b)
C
c)
D
d)
E
28.
What is the oldest layer in the outcrop?
a)
B
b)
C
c)
D
d)
E
29.
What is the youngest layer in the outcrop?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
30.
Which rock layer most likely contains fossils of the most recently evolved organisms?
a)
4
b)
3
c)
1
d)
2
31.
A rock formed from fragments of other rocks is a(n)
a)
Metamorphic Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Extrusive Rock
d)
Igneous Rock
32.
An igneous rock containing large crystals is most likely a(n)
a)
Chemical Rock
b)
Foliated Rock
c)
Extrusive Rock
d)
Intrusive Rock
33.
If heat and pressure inside the Earth cause a rock to melt, the material that formed would be
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Magma
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Igneous
34.
As lava cools and crystallizes, what type of rock will form?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Extrusive Igneous
d)
Intrusive Igneous
35.
Fossils are only found in
a)
Sedimentary rocks
b)
Foliated Metamorphic rocks
c)
Igneous Rocks
d)
Nonfoliated Metamorphic rocks
36.

Which is the process that breaks up rock on Earth’s surface?

a)

deposition

b)

melting

c)

compaction

d)

weathering

37.

Geologists have classified rocks into three major groups of rocks which are:

a)

inorganic, organic and chemical rocks

b)

igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

c)

metamorphic, chemical and non chemical rocks

d)

sedimentary, inorganic and igneous rocks

38.

Streak is the color of a mineral’s

a)

fracture

b)

luster

c)

powder

d)

cleavage

39.

Any rock that forms from another rock as a result of changes in heat or pressure (or both) is a:

a)

chemical rock

b)

igneous rock

c)

sedimentary rock

d)

metamorphic rock

40.

What kind of igneous rock usually contains large crystals?

a)

clastic

b)

extrusive

c)

organic

d)

intrusive

41.

You find a deposit of organic limestone. In what type of rock setting did it probably form?

a)

the ocean

b)

a volcano

c)

a swamp

d)

sand dunes

42.

A rock that forms from many small fragments of other rocks is a(n)

a)

igneous rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

sedimentary rock

d)

extrusive rock

43.

Which rock cycle process causes many sedimentary rocks to have visible layers?

a)

eruption

b)

intrusion

c)

crystallization

d)

deposition

44.

If heat and pressure inside Earth cause the texture and crystal structure of a rock to change, what new material is formed?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

chemical rock

45.

A substance that flows and whose shape can change, but

not its volume is a:

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

volume

d)

matter

46.

An element is a substance composed of

a)

many particles

b)

a single kind of atom

c)

a crystal arrangement

d)

many layers

47.
Sometimes sediments move from one place to another and can settle in layers.  This process is called
a)
Weathering 
b)
Erosion
c)
Expansion
d)
Sedimentary layering
48.
Sediments under great heat and pressure over millions of years form this type of rock.
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Igneous
49.
Hawaii was formed from volcanoes which means most of its land and rock is igneous rock.
a)
True
b)
False
50.
The process of breaking down rock is 
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Plucking
d)
Abrasion
51.
Wind, rain, chemicals and pressure are 4 ways that rocks can be broken down into smaller pieces.  These smaller pieces are called
a)
Pebbles
b)
Sand
c)
Sediments
d)
Granules
52.
Choose the list of sediments that is listed from smallest particle size to greatest particle size.
a)
Sand, gravel, silt, clay
b)
Gravel, sand, clay, silt
c)
Clay, gravel, sand, silt
d)
Clay, silt, sand, gravel
53.
Hot molten rock inside the Earth can reach Earth's surface during a volcanic eruption.  The term for this melted rock is
a)
Lava 
b)
Magma
c)
Magma when it reaches Earth's surface and Lava when it is below Earth's surface
d)
Lava when it reaches Earth's surface and Magma before it reaches Earth's surface
54.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Hot lava cools.
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
55.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Great pressure and heat.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
56.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Great heat from the center of the Earth causes melting.
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
57.
As we looked at the different properties of rocks we looked at their hardness.  The scale we compared it to was called
a)
Hardness Scale
b)
Mohs Scale of Harness
c)
Roks Scale of Hardness
d)
Compressed Scale of Hardness
58.
These are formed by natural processes and are the building blocks of rocks.
a)
Gems
b)
Dirt
c)
Minerals
d)
Diamonds
59.
What is the study of past life as rocks or fossils?
a)
Paleontology
b)
Archeology
c)
Fossilology
60.
What is the idea that geologic processes are occurring now are the same as those that occurred in the past?
a)
Unconformities
b)
Uniformitarianism
c)
Epicism
61.
What is the science that combines uniformitarianism and catastrophism?
a)
Modern geology
b)
Paleontology
c)
Archeology
d)
Ancient geography
62.
 What is the idea that geologic change occurs suddenly?
a)
Uniformitinarianism
b)
Geologic Breakdown
c)
Catastrophism
d)
Geologic Purge
63.
What is it called when a fossilized mark is found in soft sediment that was formed by the movement of an animal?
a)
Index fossil
b)
Trace fossil
c)
Sludge
d)
Geologic Time
64.
What forms when sediment fills in a cavity left by a dead organism?
a)
Cast
b)
Index
c)
Trace
d)
Geology
65.
What type of dating indicates an approximate age of a fossil in relationship to other layers of rock in an area?
a)
Relative dating
b)
Absolute Dating
66.
What type of daiting indicates a specific age of a rock by using methods such as carbon dating or radioactive decay?
a)
Relative Dating
b)
Absolute Dating
67.
What is the largest division of time?
a)
Eon
b)
Epic
c)
Era
d)
Period
68.
These  cause missing layers in rock they are caused by movement of the earth. They form by erosion.
a)
unconformities
b)
mold fossil
c)
tracks
d)
underwater
69.
What is the most accurate method to date old rocks?
a)
uranium-lead method
b)
carbon 14 dating
c)
relative dating
d)
potasium-carbon dating
70.
How far back in time can geologists study the history of the earth?
a)
1.6 billion years
b)
46 million years
c)
4.6 billion years
d)
160 billion years
71.
What is the breakdown of unstable isotopes into stable isotopes of other elements called?
a)
uncomformities
b)
Relative dating
c)
Carbon-14
d)
Radioactive decay
72.
What states that younger rocks are found above older rocks?
a)
Theory of Plate Tectonics
b)
Law of Superposition
73.
The principle that a fault or body of rock is younger than any other body of rock that it cuts through is known as what?
a)
relative age
b)
law of crosscutting relationships
c)
varve
d)
law of super position
74.
The time required for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope is called what?
a)
uniformitarianism
b)
relative age
c)
half-life
d)
radioactive dating
75.
The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
a)
varve
b)
index fossil
c)
trace fossil
d)
fossil
76.
Which of the following is a method of determining the absolute age of an object by comparing the relative percentages of a radioactive (parent) isotope and a stable (daughter) isotope?
a)
radiometric dating
b)
uniformitarionism
c)
law of superposition
d)
paleontology
77.
A principle that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes is called...
a)
paleontology
b)
law of superposition
c)
relative age
d)
uniformitarianism
78.
The age of an object in relation to the ages of other objects is known as what?
a)
relative age
b)
absolute age
c)
half-life
d)
unconformity
79.
The principle that a sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above it and younger than the layers below it if the layers are not disturbed is called ...
a)
unconformity
b)
law of crosscutting relationship
c)
law of superposition
d)
varve
80.
A break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time is called what?
a)
law of crosscutting relationships
b)
unconformity
c)
radiometric dating
d)
varve
81.
The numeric age of an object or event, often stated in years before the present, as established by an absolute-dating process such as radiometric dating is known as what?
a)
half-life
b)
varve
c)
relative age
d)
absolute age
82.

Identify two processes labeled in this rock cycle that must occur in order to change any rock into an igneous rock.

a)

heat and/or pressure

b)

weathering and erosion

c)

melting and solidification

d)

deposition and cememtation

83.

Identify two processes labeled in this rock cycle that change igneous rock into sediments.

a)

heat and/or pressure

b)

melting and solidification

c)

deposition and cementation

d)

weathering and erosion

84.

Identify two processes required for the formation of a sedimentary rock.

a)

heat and/or pressure

b)

melting and solidification

c)

deposition and cementation

d)

weathering and erosion

85.

What type of rock forms directly from magma?

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

86.

What type of rock forms directly from heat and/or pressure?

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

87.

What type of rock forms directly from Deposition, Compaction, and Cementation?

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

88.

Which rock layer in this figure is the oldest?

a)

Rock layer F

b)

Rock layer B

c)

Rock layer R

89.
Hardened tree sap is called
a)
diamonds
b)
amber
c)
tar
d)
syrup
90.
These fossils are distinguishable from other fossils because they were scattered over a large region, very common, and lived during a short span of geologic time
a)
trace
b)
index
c)
permineralized
d)
mold and cast
91.
A is older than layer C
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
92.

Which rock layer in this figure is the youngest?

a)

Rock layer F

b)

Rock layer I

c)

Rock layer R

93.

Two organisms commonly used as index fossils are __________________.

a)

trilobites and uranium

b)

uranium and graptolites

c)

trilobites and graptolites

94.

How many layers is fossil 'A' found in?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

95.

How many of each fossil is found in layer 5?

a)

2 of fossil C and 3 of fossil D

b)

1 of fossil B and 3 of fossil D

c)

2 of fossil B and 2 of fossil D

d)

3 of fossil C and 2 of fossil D

96.

What are the oldest fossils and why?

a)

B, C- because they are closest to the top

b)

A, B- because they are closest to the bottom

c)

They are all the same age- because they are all found on layer 2

d)

A, B- because they are found closest to the top

97.

When did fossil A become extinct?

a)

Layer 1

b)

Layer 2

c)

Layer 3

d)

Layer 4

98.

Fossil A is an ancient mollusk, an organism that needs water to survive. Why do you think that the mollusk went extinct in this particular sample of the fossil record?

a)

When the ocean levels rose in layer 4, the mollusk went extinct because they cannot live in water

b)

For some reason, the ocean disappeared causing the mollusk to thrive

c)

For some reason, the ocean disappeared causing the mollusk to go extinct

d)

When the ocean level rose in layer 4, the mollusk thrived because they need water

99.

In which layer did fossil C come into existence? How do you know this?

a)

Layer 1-Because that is the layer it is first seen

b)

Layer 1- Because that is the last layer it is seen in

c)

Layer 2- Because that is the layer it is first seen

d)

Layer 2- Because that is the last layer it is seen in

100.

Do no rush, examine the diagram. How has life evolved starting with the oldest fossils?

a)

Life started in the ocean and over time organism became to appear with no common ancestors. Fish evolved first, then reptiles, then mammals and finally birds.

b)

Life started in the ocean then slowly evolved through natural selection to life on land. Fish evolved first, then reptiles, then mammals and finally birds.

c)

Life started on land and over time humans began to evolve into fish, then reptiles, and birds.

d)

Life started in the ocean as four-legged amphibians which then evolved to palm trees, then to dinosaurs, and eventually into humans.

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