WorksheetsChapter 3- Alkenes and alkynes
Total questions: 47
Worksheet time: 24mins
hydrocarbons only contain
N and H atoms
O and H atoms
P and O atoms
C and H atoms
Alkenes have how many bonds
single
double
triple
alkynes have how many bonds?
single
double
triple
A double bond consists of :
1 sigma bond
1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond
1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds
a triple bonds consists of:
1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond
1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds
1 sigma bond and 3 pi bonds
Which two are also unsaturated as they contain pi bonds and are also known as olefins?
alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
alkane formula?
CnH2n+2
CnH2n-2
CnH2n
alkenes formula?
CnH2n-2
CnH2n
CnHm
alkynes formula?
CnH2n-2
CnH2n+2
CnHm
Every pi bond results in?
gain of electrons
loss of pair of H atoms
loss of electrons
Can give an idea of the possible structures based on the ratio of C to H?
Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD)
Index of Hydrogen gain
Index of Carbons gained
HID is the
Hydrogen loss
count of the number of H2 molecules needed to obtain the corresponding saturated acyclic structure
count of the number of H2 molecules needed to obtain the corresponding saturated cyclic structure
IHD is?
is also equal to the number of rings and pi bonds in the molecule
is also equal to the number of rings and sigma bonds in the molecule
What possible arrangements arise with multiple double or triple bonds?
cumulated
conjugated
isolated
conjoined
What arrangement is especially important for pi bonds to interact?
isolated
conjugated
cumulated
conjoined
Type of arrangement exhibited by: C=C=C
conjugated
isolated
cumulated
Type of arrangement exhibited by:
C=C-C=C
Conjugated
Cumulated
Isolated
Type of arrangement exhibited by:
C=C-C-C=C
Conjugated
Cumulated
Isolated
Alenes are ?
sp3 hybridized
sp hybridized
sp2 hybridized
What is trigonal planar bond angle?
100
180
120
145
alkenes are
trigonal planar bond angle of 120
trigonal planar bond angle of 180
have 3 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond or 2 single and 1 double
C=C ~120 degrees
pi bond lock the geometry to the planar arrangement
What arrangement is this?
trigonal square
trigonal planar
trigonal triangle
the double bond in an alkene is what? which makes it not rotate freely...
strong
rigid
loose
concreate
Because the double bond of cis trans isomerism of alkenes is so rigid, the substituents on the carbon atoms will
produce a geometric isomer the same as on the cycloalkane ring
produce a geometric isomer the same as on the alkene ring
If two non-hydrogen atoms or groups are on the same side of the double bond they are?
trans-arrangement
cis arrangement
equal arrangement
If two non-hydrogen atoms or groups are on the opposite side of the double bond they are?
cis arrangement
trans arrangement
unequal arrangement
Cis and trans arrangement have different physical properties because
their dipole moments are different
their dipole moments are the same
under the normal conditions the two isomers will not interconvert since you would have to break the what bonds?
sigma
pi
double
triple
Using light or heat it is possible to interconvert ?
one isomer
two isomer
half an isomer
What is happening in the image?
interconverting two isomers
interconverting half an isomer
none of these
chemical reactivity of alkenes arises from the ?
sigma electrons
pi electrons
orbital electrons
is the pi bond weaker than the sigma bond where the electrons reacts first
true
false
the reagent will add across the double bond so these are called?
addition reactions
negative reactions
equal reactions
What reaction is this?
addition reactions
combination reaction
additive reaction
what are electron deficient and have an empty p orbital (sp2 hybridized)
carbon copies
carboanions
carbocations
Are all carbocations created equal? If so are there predictable patterns for which ones with form?
yes
no
Carbocations have order of stability from 3 sources:
deductive electron donation
inductive electron donation
hyper-conjugation
resonance
the electrons in C-C σ bonds will be pulled closer to the C+ helping to minimize the charge. Note: this does not work for C-H bonds.
deductive electron donation
inductive electron donation
hyper-conjugation
resonance
this is a orbital interaction between adjacent C-H bonds that can overlap the empty p orbital of the C+, this again helps to minimize the charge on the C+
hyperconjagation
resonance
inductive electron donation
a carbocation immediately adjacent to a π system (double bond, triple bond or aromatic ring) can be stabilized by resonance. This lowers the energy by spreading the charge over more atoms, i.e.
inductive electron donation
Resonance
hyperconjugation
Carbocations are susceptible to 1,2-hydride shifts, where an adjacent H atom (and its bonding electrons) shift to the C+ to produce a more stable carbocation, i.e
misuse
rearrangement
sharing
what is also possible for methyl groups. They are shifts that are common when a tertiary, allylic or benzylic carbocation is produced.
arrangements
rearrangements
shifts
What is the addition of Cl2 and Br2, across a double bond to product 1,2 dihalide alkane
hologenation
carbonation
bromation
chloronation
What is usually dissolved in chloroform or carbon tetrachloride?
bromine
chlorine
calcium
halogens
what reaction is rapid at room temperatures?
hologenation
bromoation
chloronation
Addition of ???? is a common chemical test for the presence of double bonds as the red colored ???? solution turns colorless when it reacts with an alkene
bromine
chlorine
calcium
A halogenation reaction relies on the polarizability of the ?
chlorine bonds
calcium bonds
halogen bonds
