Uses magnetic fields to measure the density and location of brain material.

Measures how much of a certain chemical (glucose for example) parts of the brain are using. The more used, the higher the activity.

Can show only the 3D structure of the brain, not the functions or the activity of different brain structures.

Hans Seyle's description of human and animal response to stress. Our response to different physical and emotional stress is similar: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.

Misapplication of grammar rules, occurs during language acquisition. Example: "Marky hitted my head so I throwed the truck at him."

Benjamin Whorf theorized that the language we use might control, and in some ways limit our thinking. Many studies demonstrate the effect of labeling on how we think about people, objects, ideas etc.

If the consequences of a behavior are pleasant, the stimulus-response (S-R) connection will be strengthened and likelihood of behavior will increase. The reverse is also true. Edward Thorndike, one of the first people to research operant conditioning, explained this kind of learning.

One of the earliest theories about emotion. Suggests we feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress.

Hinges on the therapist providing the client with unconditional positive regard (blanket acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does) Non-directive, help clients choose the best path. Developed by Carl Rogers.

Suggests that the biological change and the cognitive awareness of the emotional state occur simultaneously.

type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens that can be exchanged for various objects or privileges.

Suggests that both our physical responses and our cognitive labels (our mental interpretations) combine to cause any particular emotional response.

An element of operant conditioning. Anything that make a behavior more likely to occur.

Pairs a habit a person wishes to break with an unpleasant stimulus.

locate cause of psychological problems in the way people think. Involves challenging the irrational thinking patterns of patients.

The ability to learn language rapidly as children. (nativist theory of language acquisition). Noam Chomsky theorized that humans are born with this device.

The capacity for the brain to alter its structure and function.(Dendrites grow throughout our lives and can make new connections)

System of glands That secrete hormones—chemicals the travel through our bloodstream

The most typical example of a particular concept. Ex: if someone says the word "bird" and you think of a robin, then a robin represents your ____________ of a bird.