powers granted by the government, the people, or a document

the rule that precedent must be followed

-it's the fundamental process that makes Supreme Court's decisions to apply to all courts in the US

courts that listen to testimony, consider evidence, and decide the facts in a case

assumed powers because of tradition and common law

-in this case the Tribe has the power to regulate family relationships, membership in the tribe, and law and order

an opinion written by a judge that doesn't agree with the majority opinion

removing any juror who isn't able to give a fair and impartial verdict

in a civil case, the person that files the lawsuit and sues

In the case, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that state courts are required to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys (6th amendment)

a 1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional

requests from lower courts to send cases to the Supreme Court → removal for cause

the judge is active in questioning witnesses and controlling the court process, including gathering and presenting evidence → inquisitional system

a mistake by the judge on the application of the law → error of law

Indian tribal groups that govern reservations → tribal courts

court decision on a legal question that guides future cases with similar questions → voir dire