The __, located on the northern border of modern-day Italy, it seals off the peninsula from the rest of Europe during winter.

Between 616 and 509 BCE, a group of people known as the Etruscans ruled Rome.

Rich volcanic soil made the _____ and _______ ideally suited for agriculture.

Rome benefited from its position at the center of the Mediterranean Sea for trade reason.

Roman society was divided into two classes, _______and _______.

Upper-class citizens, called ________, came from a small group of wealthy landowners.

Lower-class citizens, called ____, were mostly peasants, laborers, craftspeople, and shopkeepers. 95% of the population.

In 509 BCE, a group of ___ rebelled. They drove out the last Etruscan king. Then created a republic.

The ____ was a group of 300 men that the patricians elected. They ___ served for life.

_________ was known as the Conflict of the Orders, or conflict between the classes.

Patricians elected the Tribunes of the Plebs. The tribunes spoke for the plebeians to the Senate and the consuls.

The Romans created laws that were written down on tablets called the_____

Christianity, originally a Jewish religious sect, emerged in Rome in the first century CE.

Christianity became officially tolerated by ______, and in 380 CE as the Empire's official religion (Theodosius I).

_____ used gravity to transport water; freed Roman cities from a reliance on nearby water supplies.

Roman structures like the Pantheon, the Colosseum and the Roman Forum are still standing today because of

The first usage of these numbers dates back to somewhere between 900 and 800 BCE. Did not have zero.

Romans wrote in science, religion and law in Greek.

Roman boys received instruction from their mothers in the art of homemaking skills like spinning, weaving, and sewing.

________ represents the pinnacle of Roman epic poetry.

Rome exchanged goods from all parts of the world such as

Romans imported raw materials and finished products like grain, olive oil, and wine.

"Pax Romana," "Roman peace," refers to the time period from 27 BC to 180 CE in the Roman Empire. 207-year period.

The Romans originally followed many gods, similar to the Greeks. Each emperor was also made a god.

The old Jewish kingdom of ________ was a Roman province. It was called Judaea.

This Jewish political group wanted to cooperate with the Romans.

The _____ thought that closely following religious law would protect Jews from Roman influences.

Was the first emperor to begin to persecute the Christians, because they didn’t follow the state worship (beliefs).

Emperor who adopted Christianity as the official religion of Rome.

Performed the last big persecution and realized Christianity would not go away by force.

The 1st commandment of God was“Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.

Was a highly educated Jewish Roman citizen. He took the message of Jesus to Gentiles (non-Jews) as well as to Jews

The Sassanid Persians invaded Roman territory in the east.

To fight inflation, _______ set wage and price controls for the entire empire.

Constantinople was built on the site of the Greek city of Byzantium by

Constantinople would become the center of the Eastern Roman Empire and one of the great cities of the world.

The event that is normally used to mark the fall of the Western Roman Empire is

The capital of the Western Roman Empire was Rome.

Rome and the Carthaginians collided on Sicily during the 1st Punic War

The Carthaginians marched from Spain into Rome, following the general

He crossed the Alps in the winter with elaphants and cold to rebuild his army in Italy and immediately fights the Romans, who are ambushed