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Unit II Research Methods AP Psychology Baxer

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

a)

Correlational

b)

Survey

c)

Observational

d)

Case Study

e)

Experiments

2.
This research method is a technique for ascertaining the self – reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
3.

This is a method of research where the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interfering

a)

Survey

b)

Correlational

c)

Experiments

d)

Case Study

e)

Observational

4.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
5.
Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest relationship between variables?
a)
-0.78
b)
0.67
c)
0.85
d)
-0.87
6.

In a study of the effect of a driver training program on driving skill, a possible operational definition of the dependent variable would be...

a)

driving quality

b)

number of accidents

c)

hours spent training

d)

amount of traffic

7.
Independent variable is to dependent variable as _________ is to ____________.
a)
hypothesis | conclusion
b)
effect | cause
c)
cause | effect.
d)
conclusion | hypothesis
8.
Which kind of study can establish a cause-effect relationship between variables, assuming that the research is appropriate and well conceived?
a)
survey
b)
case study
c)
correlational study
d)
experiment
9.
Which answer lists two measures of the spread of data around the mean?
a)
mode and median
b)
standard deviation and range
c)
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics
d)
scattergrams and boxplots
10.

What is replication?

a)

cloning the scientist who first did an experiment

b)

doing an experiment for the first time

c)

doing an experiment again and getting different results

d)

Doing an experiment again and getting the same results

11.

What are two methods of surveying?

a)

tests and interviews

b)

experiments and questionnaires

c)

interviews and questionnaires

d)

case studies and experiments

12.

What does it mean to generalize results?

a)

to let the General make decisions about the results

b)

to reinforce stereotypes

c)

to create a trope

d)

to apply findings based on a sample to a larger group

13.

What is bias?

a)

a predisposition to a certain point of view despite what the facts suggest

b)

believing the facts, despite one's opinion

c)

listening to opinions of politicians

d)

believing in childhood myths

14.

A ___________ is the group of individuals taking part in the research study.

a)

Population

b)

Sample

c)

Variable

d)

Control

15.

_____________ ____________ are variables that can potentially distort the relationship between the IV and the DV.

a)

Target population

b)

Lurking variables

c)

Matching variables

d)

Target variables

16.

The thing that the researcher deliberately changes or manipulates in an experiment is called the

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Extraneous Variable

c)

Random Variable

d)

Independent Variable

17.

Every person in the population has an equal chance of being selected -which sampling method

a)

Systematic sampling

b)

Quota sampling

c)

Volunteer sampling

d)

Random sampling

18.

in Psychological research, Ethics are about ensuring

a)

the protection of all participants

b)

all ethnic groups are considered

c)

experiments are well planned

d)

the results are clear

19.

Which is not a measure of Central tendency

a)

Mean

b)

Median

c)

Range

d)

Mode

20.
"Monday Morning Quarterback" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games.  This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle?
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Intuition
d)
Illusory Correlation
21.
Which of the following demonstrates the need for psychological science?
a)
Psychology's methods are unlike those of any other science
b)
Psychological experiments are less valuable without psychological science
c)
Out intuitions about human thinking and behavior are not always accurate
d)
Intuitions does not provide correct answers unless it is applied through the scientific method
22.
Which of the following is a potential problem for a case study?
a)
They provide too much detail and the researcher is likely to lose track of the most important facts.
b)
They are generally  too expensive to economical
c)
They may be misleading because they don't fairly represent other cases
d)
The dependent variable is difficult to operationally define in a case study
23.
A testable prediction is called (a/an):
a)
operational definition
b)
theory
c)
replication
d)
hypothesis
24.
Mary watches several different species of birds to discover how they feed their young in their habitat, without being intrusive. This would be an example of what type of study?
a)
Case study
b)
Naturalistic observation
c)
Survey
d)
Experiment
25.

Operational Definition

a)

Clear and detailed statements about how you will measure the data collected about the variables.

b)

The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.

c)

A sample that has characteristics that are similar to those in the population.

d)

A measure of the relationship between two variables.

26.

Representative Sample

a)

A sample that has characteristics that are similar to those in the population.

b)

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and may receive a placebo treatment.

c)

The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.

d)

Study in which the subject do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

27.

Experimental Group

a)

The group to which the researchers manipulate the independent variable.

b)

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and may receive a placebo treatment.

c)

Study in which the subject do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

d)

Study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experimental or the control group.

28.

Control Group

a)

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and may receive a placebo treatment.

b)

The group to which the researchers manipulate the independent variable.

c)

Study in which the subject do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

d)

Study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experimental or the control group.

29.

Single-Blind Study

a)

Study in which the subject do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

b)

Study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experimental or the control group.

c)

A measure of the relationship between two variables.

d)

The observation of human or animal behavior in its natural setting.

30.

Correlation

a)

A measure of the relationship between two variables.

b)

The observation of human or animal behavior in its natural setting.

c)

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and may receive a placebo treatment.

d)

The group to which the researchers manipulate the independent variable.

31.
Descriptive research where one person or group is studied in depth; baby albert
a)
naturalistic observation
b)
experiment
c)
correlational study
d)
case study
32.
When people have the tendency to think they know more than they do
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
33.
Good attendance in lessons is related to high grades is a:
a)
Positive correlation
b)
Zero correlation
c)
Negative correlation
d)
Accidental correlation
34.
A field experiment:
a)
Controls extraneous variables well
b)
Has no DV
c)
Does not have standardised procedures
d)
Takes place in a natural setting
35.

Your psychology teacher wants you to organize and summarize the scores on the first psychology test; which type of statistics is your professor most likely to use?

a)

descriptive statistics

b)

inferential statistics

c)

correlational statistics

d)

significant statistics

36.

Your psychology teacher wants you to find the average score on your first psychology test. Which measure of central tendency is your professor most likely to use?

a)

mean

b)

median

c)

mode

d)

harmonic mean

37.
The symmetric, bell shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many human characteristics are dispersed in the population is known as
a)
scatter plot
b)
normal distribution
c)
frequency polygon
d)
histogram
38.
Julia has an IQ of 130.  If the mean for IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 15, what percentage of the population has an IQ greater that Julia's (assume a normal distribution)?
a)
0 percent
b)
2.5 percent
c)
32 percent
d)
50 percent
39.
If a researcher wants to be able to predict if two variables are related to each other they would use
a)
experimental research
b)
correlational research
c)
case study
d)
illusory research
40.
What is a double blind procedure?
a)
Participants don't know which group they're in
b)
Researchers don't know which group the participants are in
c)
Neither participants nor researcher knows who is in which group
d)
Both researcher and participants know who is in each group
41.
The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that you knew it all along is the definition of...
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Perceiving order in random events
d)
Critical thinking
42.
Which of the following shows a negative correlation?
a)
As the temperature goes up, the amount of ice cream sales increases
b)
The more absences Henry has, the lower his grades are
c)
The taller you are, the more candy you eat
d)
When you eat more food, your weight increases
43.
It is commonly believed that going outside when the weather is cold and rainy, you will get a cold. This is not true. This is an example of a(n) __.
a)
Illusory correlation
b)
placebo effect
c)
random assignment
d)
experiment
44.
A corelation coefficient __.
a)
tells what is being compared
b)
shows the factor being manipulated
c)
is the expirament
d)
describes the strength and direction of the relationship of two variables
45.
The study over a long period of time using the same group of people is called what?
a)
Longitudinal study
b)
Case study
c)
Survey
d)
Cross sectional study
46.
A graphed cluster of dots that represent the value of 2 variables is called what?
a)
Correlation
b)
Random shaping
c)
Sampling bias
d)
Scatter plot
47.
Which correlation coefficient demonstrates the highest correlation?
a)
0.92
b)
-0.38
c)
-0.11
d)
0.67
48.

Debrief

a)

Researchers must explain deception used to the participants at the end of the study.

b)

Typically, participants are assigned a code or number to protect their anonymity for the duration of the study.

c)

A group that must meet to review any study to determine if the proposal is ethical or if it poses risks to those involved; ensures the safety of those participating in research studies, and a study cannot begin until they have approved it.

d)

Study of one individual in great detail.

49.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

a)

An inexpensive and quick method of gaining information about people’s opinions, attitudes, and perceptions.

b)

Typically, participants are assigned a code or number to protect their anonymity for the duration of the study.

c)

A group that must meet to review any study to determine if the proposal is ethical or if it poses risks to those involved; ensures the safety of those participating in research studies, and a study cannot begin until they have approved it.

d)

Process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly, so that each subject has an equal chance of being in either group.

50.

Confidentiality

a)

Researchers must explain deception used to the participants at the end of the study.

b)

Typically, participants are assigned a code or number to protect their anonymity for the duration of the study.

c)

A group that must meet to review any study to determine if the proposal is ethical or if it poses risks to those involved; ensures the safety of those participating in research studies, and a study cannot begin until they have approved it.

d)

An inexpensive and quick method of gaining information about people’s opinions, attitudes, and perceptions.

51.

Involves studying different age groups at the same time to see changes that occur over the lifespan.

a)

Cross-sectional method

b)

Longitudinal method

c)

Survey

d)

Naturalistic observation

52.

Hypothesis: the louder a classroom environment is, the lower test scores will be. What is the independent variable?

a)

Test scores

b)

Level of noise in the classroom

c)

Type of class

d)

Seating arrangement in the classroom

53.

The number of hours a person has driven and the number of miles driven.

a)

Negatively correlated

b)

Positively correlated

c)

No correlation

d)

Weak correlation

54.

Refers to making something clear, specific, and measurable.

a)

Operationalize

b)

Replication

c)

Random assignment

d)

Double-blind

55.

Which of the following is the best design to test a causal relationship?

a)

Case Study

b)

Correlational Study

c)

Experiment

d)

Quasi-experiment

56.

How to calculate median with this numbers ?

a)

1+2+3+4+5 = 15... 15/5 = 3

b)

5-1 = 4

c)

1,2,3,4,5... 3

d)

the one that appears the most, which in this case, is non of them

57.

What is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data?

a)

Algebra

b)

Calculus

c)

Statistics

d)

Geometry

58.

It is sometimes called "central location" or just "center". It is a way to describe what's typical for a set of data. It is called

a)

Middle destination

b)

Center fold

c)

Central Tendency

d)

Mid frequency

59.

Are used to determine if results are statistically significant and can be generalized to a larger population.

a)

Inferential statistics

b)

Descriptive statistics

c)

Nominal statistics

d)

Correlation statistics

60.

It is a measure which tells you how much your data is spread out (dispersement) in statistics.

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Spreadsheet data

c)

Equal distribution

d)

Deviation supply

61.
Which of the following is the most frequently occurring score in a distribution?
a)
Mean
b)
Range
c)
Mode
d)
Median
62.
Which statistical measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme scores?
a)
Mode 
b)
Mean
c)
Range
d)
Median
63.

In normal distribution, what percentage of scores are one standard deviation + or - of the mean?

a)

34%

b)

50%

c)

60%

d)

68%

64.
When a distribution of scores is skewed, which most represents a measure of central tendency? 
a)
Median
b)
Range
c)
Standard Deviation
d)
Mean
65.
A scientist's willingness to admit she is wrong is an example of?
a)
Curiosity
b)
Skepticism
c)
Humility
d)
Cynisism
66.
The more years of schooling you have a higher income.
a)
Positive Correlation
b)
Negative Correlation
67.
Why is an operational definition necessary when reporting research findings? 
a)
It allows others to replicate the procedure
b)
Uses more scientific language than the dictionary definition
c)
It provides more context and many exampls of the concept
d)
Easier to translate in multiple languages than a definition 
68.

When participants guess the hypothesis of a study and then act accordingly.

a)

Participant variability

b)

Demand characteristics

c)

Researcher bias

d)

All of the above

69.

To be considered statistically significant the researchers must be _______ % certain that the results did not occur by chance or luck.

a)

10

b)

75

c)

95

d)

100

70.

Julia has an IQ of 130. If the mean for IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 15, what would be her z-score?

a)

0

b)

+2

c)

-2

d)

30

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