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WorksheetsEnglish Language U3AoS2 - Formal Language
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 45mins
If a person has 'gravitas' they...
are considered charismatic and entertaining.
are considered serious and respected.
are considered drab and unintelligent.
are considered insipid and uninspiring.
__________ __________ accents are regularly used in formal speech to gain in-group membership and solidarity.
Cultivated Australian accent
Culminated Australian accent
Prosodics in formal language tends to take a more free approach, with more inappropriate volume, pitch and intonation.
True
False
(Select all that apply) Generalised pronouns aid a speaker in achieving...
Greater distance between them and the listener/s.
Obfuscation and ambiguity
A reduced social distance between them and the listener/s.
Their everlasting quest for never-ending mint slice.
Why would the collective pronoun 'we' be inappropriate for formalised rules and regulation documents?
It may lack authority.
It shouldn't be used at all in these types of documents.
(Select all that apply) Typical syntactic elements of formal language include...
Passive or cleft constructions
Simple sentences
compound and complex sentences
Nominalisations
(Select all that apply) The statement 'Jane and me went to the shops' would anger a...
Descriptivist
Prescriptivist
Grammar Pendant
Taking a verb and turning it into a noun like - for instance: 'utilise > 'utilisation' and 'prepare > 'preparation' is called...
(a)
The status and influence a speaker may have over their audience, impacts the level of formality.
True
False
(Select all that apply) As formal language is typically used for an explicit purpose, the following features or purposes are NOT 'usually' found...
Deictic Speech and Non-Fluency features
Salutations and Vocatives
A fostering and establishing of relationships between the speaker and audience.
Giving and taking back the floor.
In regards to coherence and cohesion features, clear demarcations for openings and closings prevent ______ from occurring.
Overlapping Speech
Ethos
Public Speech
(Select all that apply) Formal language allows speakers greater freedom in semantic patterning through the use of metaphors to ...
Reinforce relationship hierarchies
Navigate taboos
Obfuscate an accusation upon them.
Provide greater understanding on the one idea.
(Select all that apply) Some ways to describe how a speaker tries to obfuscate in an interaction could include the intention to garble, befog, baffle and ...
Mystify
Obscure
Clarify
bewilder
Unambiguate
(Select all that apply) Kevin Rudd's apology for the 'Stolen Generation' has social purposes of...
Assert authority
Maintain sensitivity on a solemn or difficult circumstance in society.
Promote social harmony
Establish expertise
What are the three components making up contextual factors?
Situational Context
Circumstantial evidence
Cultural context
Social Understanding
Relationships between participants
Three factors we consider when analysing the relationships between participants are...
Social Distance
Coercion
Hierarchy
Solidarity
Penelope _____ & Stephen________ studied Positive and Negative Face Needs.
Brawn and Levinston
Brown and Levitate
Brown and Levinson
Brown and Levinston
"I'm sorry to be asking you this but..." is meeting what 'face need'...
Positive
Negative
"Let's go guys!" is meeting what 'face need'...
Positive
Negative
(Select all that apply) Politeness strategy aims to...
Build rapport between interlocutors
Encourage solidarity
Increase social distance
Create a sense of intimacy and inclusiveness
(a) is a language variety that is particular to any trade, occupation, hobby or group. It can build in-group solidarity, group membership and promotes authority and expertise of its members whilst simultaneously excluding those who do not belong to the group.
Jargon in the semantic domain/field of__________ include terms like scanner, trolley key, Replenishment, Stocktake, register.
Australian football
Film and Television
Classic Literature
Supermarkets
What two norms are regularly exploited by members of society to gain power and prestige?
Convict and Onvict norms
Convert and Overt norms
Covert and Overt norms
Ingham is a legend norms
A new faculty member of a school in their opening address states that "Improved academic results are a direct result of focused formative and summative tasks and consistent and guaranteed curriculum". Are they achieving covert or overt prestige?
Covert
Overt
A teenager at a party converses with someone they have just met by exclaiming, "F*&K, where's the tunes? This party sucks! I'm going to bail in 10". Are they achieving covert or overt prestige?
Covert
Overt
"Ingham's making us write again!" Is the speaker achieving covert or overt prestige?
Covert
Overt
Overt norms can often reflect the individual's high socio-economic status; or present them in a well-educated or upper class position, as they utilise standard English that suits that image.
True
False
(Select all that apply) Those aiming to flout covert norms usually speak with the aid of ...
Slang and rhyming slang
Jargon
Initialisms
Standard word order (SVO)
The phrase 'Bleeding- heart' is a form of (a) language.
The phrase 'Correctional facility' is a form of (a) language.
The phrase 'passed on' is a form of (a) language.
The phrase 'Au Naturel' is a form of (a) language.
The phrase 'Snail mail' is a form of (a) language.
A word or a topic can count as taboo and is related to behaviour we deem socially unacceptable in some contexts.
True
False
(Select all that apply) Taboo topics could include...
Sex
Genitalia
Bodily functions/bodily effluvia
Disease and Death
Disability
The 'Euphemism Treadmill' refers to...
The idea that euphemistic language is used too often in society.
The idea that euphemisms have contributed to the world being unable to express themselves properly.
The idea that humans have a tendency to reuse the same euphemisms.
The idea that euphemism turn into taboos over time, lending to the notion that euphemisms are subsequently pointless.
Surprise Metalanguage! - Paralinguistic features include...
Vocal effects: Whispering, creaky voice, laughter.
Pitch and intonation
Heavy intakes of breath
Body language: shrugging, nodding, winks and smiles
Surprise Metalanguage! - Adjacency Pairs DO NOT include...
Openings and Closings, Questions and Answers.
Greetings and Responses, Complaints and excuses
Compliments and acknowledgments, Apology and Acceptance
Phatic comments and Responses, Thank you and Response
Criticisms and ignoring, Passing the floor and Holding the floor
'Political Correctness' is defined as...
A style of language that is designed to reduce of avoid potential offence or exclusion.
A style of language that is designed to increase potential offence or exclusion.
(Select all that apply) Political Correctness is a style of language that is designed to...
Cause offence and incite aggression.
Avoid potential offence
Prevent bullying and offensive behaviour by using impartial language.
Reduce free speech and muffle those with questionable attitudes.
(Select all that apply) Public Language is found regularly in these fields...
Politics
Sporting Academies and Clubs
Media
Law
Bureaucracy
(Select all that apply) Characteristics of Public Language involve...
Tends to be relatively informal
Aims to achieve connection and familiarity with the audience
Adhering to language standards of the relevant field
Shows greater levels of planning
'Bureaucratese' also referred to as 'officialese' would typically be used by...
Government and officials
General public
Bored 8 year old children
(Select all that apply) Double-speak involves using indirect language and ambiguity to deliberately mislead, confuse or obscure meaning. Some examples include...
'Ethnic cleansing' to describe racially motivated genocide.
'Collateral Damage' to describe war casualties.
'Interesting' to describe a night out in Melbourne.
'Howzitgoin?' an opening to a conversation.
The Socratic RHETORIC strategies are...
Rationalos
Pathos
Logos
Ethos
Empathos
A speaker using the following rhetoric.. "Surely you wouldn't allow this injustice to continue, innocent lives are being taken away from families - we must not sit back and wait" - is appealing to which Rhetorical strategy?
Pathos
Ethos
Logos
Avada Kedavra
A speaker using the following rhetoric.. "It is simple - we move the date of the exam to the next week to serve the concerns of both students and parents and we have an extra week of marking" - is appealing to which Rhetorical strategy?
Egglos
Logos
Ethos
Pathos
A speaker using the following rhetoric.. "Understandably, it is an incredibly heartbreaking situation for this family and we urge you to consider others in a similar circumstance." - is appealing to which Rhetorical strategy?
Pathos
Logos
Ethos
Retaining Wall-os
The theory of linguistic relativity suggests that...
language is a tool for how people communicate but has no relationship with how we think.
language is not merely a tool for expressing human thought but plays a role in influencing the way people think.
Which one is considered a stronger theory? Linguistic relativism or linguistic determinism?
Determinism
Relativism
(Select all that apply) Cognitive Scientist and Language Professor Lera Boroditsky suggests that...
Language does in fact shape the way we think.
Language does not shape the way we think.
Some language communities shape how they engender inanimate objects due to their language use.
All language communities use the same gendered perceptions for inanimate objects.
The following represents 'systemic discrimination'...
Immigration favouring Europeans for most of the 19th century.
'Running like a girl'
Statistics indicating that women are less present in the corporate, IT, upper management and military settings.
'Jewish people are tight with money'
The following represents 'stereotypes' in society...
Indigenous Australians counted as among flora and fauna before 1967.
People with disabilities are heroes.
Youth of today are incapable of respect.
The five general topics where discriminatory language exists include:
Race, Interests, Religion, Sex & Occupation
Intelligence, Sex, Ability, LGBTQI+ and Ethnicity.
Race, Sex, Ability, LGBTQI+ and Religion
There are four typical uses for coarse language. They are...
Expletives for emotional reaction (frustration, undesirable situation)
Abuse and insult (things speakers wish to disparage, humiliate or degrade)
Social Solidarity (in-group solidarity marker for shared colloquial style)
Stylistic Choice (Create vividness and memory through greater description)
Generalisations (If you made it this far, you must know that all the other answers are correct and this one is not)
Write out 5 common Australian swear words...
(Select all that apply) Bureaucratic language involves...
Wordiness
Slang and Colloquial terms
Circumlocutions
Euphemisms
Jargon
Metalanguage! What would be the most accurate way to describe this... 'We'
Third person reflexive pronoun
Second person possessive pronoun
First person subject pronoun
Metalanguage! what would be the best way to describe this... 'them'
1st person object pronoun
3rd person object pronoun
2nd person subject pronoun
In the following sentence, identify the underlined verb.
"I was congratulated"
Present tense, auxiliary verb.
Past tense, modal verb.
Past tense, auxiliary verb.
Present tense, modal verb.
In the following sentence, identify the type of verb underlined.
"She may be home"
Present tense, Modal verb
Past tense, auxiliary verb.
Modal auxiliary
