Smaller & not randomly selected

Study of the whole, not variables

Numbers and statistics

data such as open - ended responses, interviews, participant observations, field notes, & reflections

Researcher & their biases are not known to participants in the study, & participant characteristics are deliberately hidden from the researcher (double blind studies)

Generalizable findings that can be applied to other populations

Narrative report with contextual description & direct quotations from research participants

Quantities ¤ Scales ¤ Trends

¤ Explore, explain, understand ¤ Narrative ¤ Particular ¤ Mainly inductive reasoning: conclusions can be drawn from the evidence no matter how incomplete