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QLD Unit 4 Obedience (Milgram)

Total questions: 31

Worksheet time: 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was the

a)

highest level of shock supposedly administered

b)

location of the learner

c)

length of the line

d)

number of people in the group.

2.

Stanley Milgram focused his shock experiments on the theme of...

a)

conformity to the group.

b)

obedience to authority.

c)

the influence of ascribed roles on behaviour.

d)

the nature of prosocial behaviour.

3.

The original idea for Milgram's experiment was based on...

a)

an interest in the civil disobedience marches of the 1960s.

b)

the defense of former Nazis during the Nuremberg trials claiming they were just following orders

c)

a desire to show that Americans were not in any way like the Nazis.

d)

a fear that he and other Americans would be conscripted to go to Vietnam.

4.

In Stanley Milgram’s obedience study, what circumstances resulted in the highest levels of obedience?

a)

When commands were given by an authority figure rather than another volunteer

b)

When experiments were done at a prestigious institution

c)

When the authority figure was present in the room with the subject; and the learner was in another room

d)

All answers listed

5.

What is a difference between obedience and conformity?

a)

In conformity, there is a perceived difference in status between the one who conforms and the group.

b)

In obedience, there is a difference in status between the one who obeys and the one who makes the request.

c)

Conformity requires strict adherence to the rules, whereas obedience does not.

d)

Obedience is an indirect request, whereas conformity is a direct request.

e)

Conformity involves agreeing to change in response to a request, whereas obedience involves an indirect request for agreement.

6.
What term means changing one's behavior in response to an authority figure's command?  
a)
Obedience
b)
Conformity 
c)
Peer pressure
d)
Evolution
7.
Which of the following does NOT increase the likelihood of obedience?
a)
Watching others obeying orders
b)
Authority figure who is the same gender as the person receiving the commands 
c)
Having the researcher give commands face-to-face
d)
Belief that the person giving commands will be responsible for any possible consequences
8.
Milgram's studies on obedience to authority showed that
a)
most people were able to resist the experimenter's pressure to shock the 'learner.'
b)
obedience was strongly linked to the subject's personality.
c)
subjects readily imitated aggressive behavior after seeing violent movies.
d)
most 'teachers' delivered the maximum amount of shock to the 'learner.'
9.
In Milgram's study on obedience to authority, what method was used?
a)
People were asked to tell a lie.about themselves.
b)
'Learners' received an electroshock from 'teachers.'
c)
Participants were paid $100 to view a videotape.
d)
A confederate pretended to need help from bystanders.
10.
Because they felt that they could blame the __________, most people went along with the instructions to administer shock in the Milgram experiment.
a)
learner
b)
teacher
c)
experimenter
d)
situation
11.
Based on Milgram's experiment, of the following, you would be most likely to obey a(n):
a)
fellow student.
b)
employer.
c)
politician.
d)
employee.
12.
In the Milgram experiment,
a)
the "teacher" was the only actual participant in the experiment.
b)
the "teacher" and the "learner" were both participants in the study.
c)
the shock machine delivered only low-voltage shocks, regardless of the labels above each switch.
d)
the participants were recruited based on past experiences of harming other individuals.
13.
Milgram's study demonstrated that
a)
people will give clearly incorrect answers to a problem when they believe the experiment is invalid.
b)
destructive obedience is rare; most people will not engage in it.
c)
people will obey commands to harm another person when they believe they are in a legitimate setting.
d)
people will quickly stand up to an authority figure when they are uncomfortable obeying that person's commands.
14.
A panel of psychiatrists surveyed by Stanley Milgram prior to his obedience study stated that they thought fewer than five percent of the research participants would administer the maximum level of shock. How accurate was their prediction?
a)
It was totally inaccurate because 65 percent of the participants administered the highest level of shock.
b)
It was totally inaccurate because 50 percent of the participants administered the highest level of shock.
c)
It was amazingly accurate because slightly over 5 percent of the participants administered the highest level of shock.
d)
It was somewhat inaccurate because 25 percent of the participants administered the highest level of shock.
15.
Which of the following best describes what Milgram claims to have found through his obedience experiments?
a)
Obedience is most likely to occur when people are part of a group.
b)
Obedience is most likely to occur when people no longer regard themselves as responsible for their actions.
c)
Obedience is most likely to occur when people have a flexible self concept.
d)
Obedience is most likely to occur when people lack rigid convictions.
16.
Which of the following best describes the sort of real world phenomena that Milgram’s obedience research potentially tells us about?
a)
Situations in which a majority is exerting influence on a minority.
b)
Situations in which a subordinate is exerting influence on an authority figure.
c)
Situations in which an authority figure is exerting influence on a subordinate.
d)
Situations in which a social role is exerting an influence on the person in that role.
17.
Which of the following features did Milgram suggest contributed to the obedience rate?
a)
The location of the experiment
b)
That the participants were paid
c)
That the participants volunteered
d)
All of the above
18.
The study broke the ethical guidelines of
a)
deception.
b)
the rights of participants to withdraw.
c)
protection of participants.
d)
all of these.
19.
Milgram's study showed that social proximity:
a)
has no bearing on obedience.
b)
was not a valid theory.
c)
had an important influence on obedience.
d)
was important in order for the participant to understand the experiment.
20.
Studies have shown that obedience is more likely if
a)
the person giving the command has a higher status.
b)
the person giving the command is further away.
c)
the person giving the command has no authority.
d)
other people refused to obey the command.
21.

A problem with the agentic state explanation is that:

a)

It can't explain why the proportion of people who obeyed the experimenter in Milgram's study was so high.

b)

It can't explain why some people in Milgram's study did not obey the experimenter.

c)

There is no research support.

d)

It is not useful as legitimacy of authority.

22.

Legitimacy of authority is a good explanation of cultural differences in obedience because:

a)

Some cultures are more traditionally respectful of authority than others.

b)

Some cultures are less traditionally respectful of authority than others.

c)

Cultures differ in the way parents raise children to view authority figures.

d)

All of these.

23.

In Stanley Milgram's original study of power and obedience, ___ of his participants gave what they believed to be electric shocks up till the supposed "severe danger" level.

a)

10%

b)

65%

c)

72%

d)

40%

24.

Which factor increased obedience in later versions of Milgram's study?

a)

Reducing the distance between teacher and learner

b)

Reducing the perceived legitimacy of the authority figure

c)

Having a "rebel" present who refused to follow orders

d)

Having two confederates present who obeyed all orders

25.

Which factor most decreased obedience in later versions of Milgram's study?

a)

The presence of a rebel, who disobeyed the authority figure's instructions

b)

The presence of two obedient confederates, who obeyed the authority figure's instructions

c)

Greater proximity between the "teacher" and the "learner"

d)

Reducing the perceived legitimacy of the authority figure

26.

Both Milgram and Asch did not give their participants an accurate representation of what the research involved. This means that each experiment involved...

a)

a failure to debrief participants.

b)

a significant degree of deception.

c)

a lack of voluntary participation.

d)

genuine physiological harm.

27.
Why can't psychologists recreate Milgram's experiment? 
a)
It's protected under copywrite law
b)
It's unethical 
c)
It's not cost-effective
d)
The procedure has been destroyed 
28.

In Milgram's other experiments, he found that when the learner and teacher were in the same room, the teachers (participants)...

a)

were more obedient (administered electric shocks more).

b)

were less obedient (administered electric shocks less).

c)

showed the same level of obedience as the original study.

d)

only administered the electric shocks if others disobeyed.

29.

When the experimenter was not wearing a white lab coat, the teacher's obedience

a)

decreased.

b)

increased.

c)

remained the same as when they wore a white lab coat.

d)

increased, but only when the experimenter was in the same room.

30.
Explain the weakness in Milgram's (obedience) study. 
a)
The way all the variables were controlled.
b)
The lack of variety in participants.
c)
The way that the verbal prods were used in the same sequence for each subject.
d)
How the same shock machine was used for all the participants and labeled with the same shock increments. 
31.
Explain one reason why obedience is so vital in a functional society. 
a)
People like to obey orders.
b)
Everyone respects each other.
c)
Everyone is terrified of authority.
d)
People do not want unnecessary confrontation.