The time and space or the physical and social contexts where a story takes place.

The mood or general feeling evoked by the setting.

The narrator is the person or persona who is telling the story. The narrator knows and reveals everything , including what's in the mind of the characters.

The narrator gives his/her comments or opinions, in contrast to an objective narrator who does not.

The narrator cannot be trusted for some reasons like lying, mad, prejudiced et. He/She tells the story using the first, third, or in rare instances, second person.

The feeling hovering over the story is not only created by the setting, but also by the narrator's attitude toward the characters or story that he/she is telling.

A narrative perspective and refers to the "eyepiece" or angle from which readers witness the events as told by the narrator.

It is an object that is literally present and serves a literal purpose in the story but also seems to have a deeper, layered, or figurative meaning.

This kind of irony occurs when the opposite of what is expected to happen is what actually happens.

This refers to the story's critical point, its unique insight about its chosen topic.