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WorksheetsCell Structure and Functions Quiz
Total questions: 44
Worksheet time: 45mins
When biologists wish to study the internal ultra-structure of cells, they most likely would use:
a light microscope
a scanning electron microscope.
a transmission electronic microscope.
Option 1 & 2
Option 2 & 3
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except:
DNA
a Cell Wall
a Plasma Membrane
Ribosomes
an Endoplasmic Reticulum
The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that:
plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells.
plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells.
plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.
animal cells are more spherical, while plant cells are elongated.
the basic functions of plant cells are very different from those of animal cells.
A mycoplasma is an organism with a diameter between 0.1 and 1.0 μm. What does its size tell you about how it might be classified?
It must be a single celled protist.
It must be a single celled fungus.
It could be almost any typical bacterium.
It could be a typical virus.
It could be a very small bacterium.
Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
the evolution of larger cells after the evolution of smaller cells
the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
the evolution of eukaryotes after the evolution of prokaryotes
the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cellʹs function
the observation that longer cells usually have greater cell volume
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
Lipids
Starches
Proteins
Steroids
Glucose
The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most likely consequence?
the loss of all nuclear function
the inability of the cell to withstand enzymatic digestion
a change in the shape of the nucleus
failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information
inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals
Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
ribosome
lysosome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
contractile vacuole
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
Rough ER
Lysosomes
Plasmodesmata
Golgi vesicles
Tight junctions
The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?
Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side.
Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.
The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that:
at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope.
the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system.
the nuclear envelope is physically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope.
nuclear pore complexes contain proteins.
The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by:
the physical separation of most membranes from each other.
the transportation of membrane among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles.
the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components.
the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination.
the synthesis of lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?
chloroplast
lysosome
central vacuole
peroxisome
glyoxysome
Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein disposal from prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to excrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system.
The mechanism of protein excretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes.
Proteins that are excreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell.
Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of proteins out of the cell.
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?
The endoplasmic reticulum
The Golgi apparatus
The lysosome
Mitochondria
Membrane-bound ribosomes
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
rough ER
smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Nuclear envelope
Transport vesicles
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?
lysosome
vacuole
mitochondria
golgi apparatus
peroxisome
Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
lysosome
vacuole
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
peroxisome
Which is one of the main energy transformers of cells?
lysosome
vacuole
mitochondria
golgi apparatus
peroxisome
Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes?
lysosome
vacuole
mitochondria
golgi body
peroxisome
Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in
vacuoles
chloroplasts
mitochondria
lysosome
nuclei
Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include
ribosomes
mitochondria
chloroplasts
B and C only
A, B, and C
The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Where are the corresponding reactions likely to occur in prokaryotic respiration?
cytoplasm
on the inner mitochondrial membrane
on the endoplasmic reticulum
on the inner plasma membrane
on the inner nuclear envelope
A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, while organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,
mitochondria and chloroplasts
chloroplasts and peroxisomes
peroxisomes and chloroplasts
chloroplasts and mitochondria
mitochondria and peroxisomes
Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
chloroplasts
mitochondria
leucoplasts
peroxisomes
Golgi bodies
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ____.
a bacterium
an animal, but not a plant
a plant, but not an animal
a plant or an animal
any kind of organism
The mitochondrion, like the nucleus, has two or more membrane layers. How is the innermost of these layers different from that of the nucleus?
The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded.
The two membranes are biochemically very different.
The space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane is larger.
The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is separated out into thylakoids.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is devoid of nearly all proteins.
The peroxisome gets its name from its interaction with hydrogen peroxide. If a liver cell is detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, it does so by removal of hydrogen from the molecules. What, then, do the enzymes of the peroxisome do?
combine the hydrogen with ATP
use the hydrogen to break down hydrogen peroxide
transfer the harmful substances to the mitochondria
transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules
Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?
sites of energy production in cellular respiration
membrane proteins
ribosomes
cytoskeleton
cellulose fibers in the cell wall
Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton?
the nuclear envelope
mitochondria
microfilaments
lysosomes
nucleoli
Of the following, which cell structure would most likely be visible with a light microscope that has been manufactured to the maximum resolving power possible?
mitochondria
microtubule
ribosome
largest microfilament
nuclear pore
Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules?
cilia
centrioles
flagella
A and C only
A, B, and C
Use the following to answer the questions. All three are involved in maintenance of cell shape. Microtubules (tubulin polymers)- Hollow tubes; wall consists of 13 columns of tubulin molecules-25 nm with 15-nm lumen- Cell motility
Microfilaments (actin filaments)-Two intertwined strands of actin, each a polymer of actin subunits-7 nm-cell motility
Fibrous proteins supercoiled into thicker cables-8-12nm-anchorage.
Tubulin is a dimer, made up of 2 slightly different polypeptides, alpha and beta. Given the structure above, what is the most likely consequence to the structure of the microtubule?
One ʺhalf-pipeʺ side of the tubule must be heavier in alpha and the other in beta subunits.
One end of a microtubule can grow or release dimers at a faster rate than the other
Microtubules grow by adding a complete circular layer at a time rather than spiraling.
Microtubules grow by adding a complete circular layer at a time rather than spiraling.
Microtubules in cilia must never grow or become shorter.
If an individual has abnormal microtubules, due to a hereditary condition, in which organs or tissues would you expect dysfunction?
limbs, hearts, areas with a good deal of contraction
microvilli, alveoli, and glomeruli
all ducts, such as those from salivary or sebaceous glands
sperm, larynx, and trachea
egg cells (ova), uterus, and kidneys
Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following?
ameboid movement
formation of cleavage furrows
contracting of muscle cells
Option 1 & 2 only
Option 1, 2, and 3
All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?
microtubules
microfilaments
plant cell walls
intermediate filaments
nuclear lamina
Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is correct?
cell wall: support, protection
chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respiration
chromosomes: cytoskeleton of the nucleus
ribosomes: secretion
lysosomes: formation of ATP
The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic of all of these extracellular structures?
They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment.
They must permit information transfer between the cellʹs cytoplasm and the nucleus.
They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume.
They are constructed of materials that are largely synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.
They are composed of a mixture of lipids and carbohydrates.
Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes?
Bound ribosomes are enclosed in their own membrane.
Bound and free ribosomes are structurally different.
Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins.
The most common location for bound ribosomes is the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
All of the above.
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
chloroplast
wall made of cellulose
central vacuole
mitochondrion
centriole
BONUS QUESTION #1
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
mitochondrion
ribosome
nuclear envelope
BONUS QUESTION #2
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
muscle cell
nerve cell
phagocytic white blood cell
leaf cell of a plant
bacterial cell
BONUS QUESTION #3
Which structure-function pair is mismatched?
nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits
lysosome; intracellular digestion
ribosome; protein synthesis
Golgi; protein trafficking
microtubule; muscle contraction
BONUS QUESTION #4
To what does this rebus puzzle image interpret to?
(If you can't see the image yet, just wait for it 😄)
(a)
