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Psychology Ch. 1

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In 1879, in psychology’s first experiment, ____________ and his students measured the time lag between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a key.

a)

B. F. Skinner

b)

Sigmund Freud

c)

Wilhelm Wundt

d)

William James

2.

William James would be considered a(n) _________. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener would be considered ___________.

a)

Functionalist; structuralists

b)

Structuralist; functionalists

c)

Evolutionary theorist; structuralists

d)

Functionalist; evolutionary theorists

3.

In the early twentieth century, ___________ redefined psychology as “the science of observable behavior.”

a)

John B. Watson

b)

Abraham Maslow

c)

William James

d)

Sigmund Freud

4.

Nature is to nurture as

a)

Personality is to intelligence.

b)

Biology is to experience.

c)

Intelligence is to biology.

d)

Psychological traits are to behaviors.

5.

A psychologist treating emotionally troubled adolescents at a local mental health agency is most likely to be a(n)

a)

research psychologist.

b)

Psychiatrist.

c)

Industrial-organizational psychologist.

d)

Clinical psychologist.

6.

A mental health professional with a medical degree who can prescribe medication is a _____________.

a)

Research psychologist

b)

Psychiatrist

c)

Industrial-organizational psychologist

d)

Clinical psychologist

7.

A psychologist conducting basic research to expand psychology’s knowledge base would be most likely to

a)

Design a computer screen with limited glare and assess the effect on computer operators’ eyes after a day’s work.

b)

Treat older people who are overcome by depression.

c)

Observe 3- and 6-year-olds solving puzzles and analyze differences in their abilities.

d)

Interview children with behavioral problems and suggest treatments.

8.

__________________ refers to our tendency to perceive events as obvious or inevitable after the fact.

a)

intuition

b)

confidence

c)

hindsight bias

d)

theory

9.

As scientists, psychologists

a)

do not disclose their methods, so as to avoid other scientists' replicating their research.

b)

assume the truth of articles published in leading scientific journals.

c)

discount evidence that competes with established assumptions.

d)

are willing to ask questions and to reject claims that cannot be verified by research.

10.

Which of the following is NOT one of the descriptive methods psychologist use to observe and describe behavior?

a)

a case study

b)

Naturalistic observation

c)

Correlational research

d)

a phone survey

11.

You wish to survey a group of people who truly represent the country's adult population. The best way to ensure this is to question a ______________ sample of the population, in which each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

a)

Representative

b)

Random

c)

Theory

d)

Population

12.

Theory-based predictions are called

a)

hypothesis

b)

theory

c)

data

d)

correlation

13.

A study finds that the more childbirth training classes women attend, the less pain medication they require during childbirth. This finding can be stated as a (a)   (positive/negative) correlation.

14.

knowing that two events are correlated provides

a)

a basis for prediction.

b)

an explanation of why the events are related.

c)

proof that as one increases, the other also increases.

d)

an indication that an underlying third factor is at work.

15.

To explain behaviors and clarify cause and effect, psychologists use __________________.

a)

experiments

b)

research

c)

data

d)

case studies

16.

To test the effect of a new drug on depression, we randomly assign people to control and experimental groups. Those in the control group take a pill that contains no medication. This is a ________________.

a)

placebo

b)

control group

c)

experimental group

d)

experiment

17.

In a double-blind procedure,

a)

only the participants know whether they are in the control group or the experimental group.

b)

experimental and control group members will be carefully matched for age, sex, income, and education level.

c)

neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the experimental group or control group.

d)

someone separate from the researcher will ask people to volunteer for the experimental group or the control group.

18.

A researcher wants to determine whether noise level affects workers' blood pressure. In one group, she varies the level of noise in the environment and records participants' blood pressure. In this experiment, the level of noise is the (a)   (independent/dependent) variable.

19.

The laboratory environment is designed to

a)

exactly re-create events of everyday life.

b)

re-create psychological forces under controlled conditions.

c)

provide a safe place.

d)

minimize the use of animals and humans in psychological research.

20.

In defending their experimental research with animals, psychologists have noted that

a)

animal research is subject to codes of ethics that ensure the animals' health, safety and comfort.

b)

animal experimentation sometimes helps animals as well as humans.

c)

advancing the well-being of humans justifies animal experimentation.

d)

all of these statements are correct.

21.

Which of the following are the steps in the Scientific Method? Select the answer choice that applies to the number in their correct order.

1) Collect data

2) Publish, criticize, and replicate

3) Develop a hypothesis

4) Analyze the data

5) Perform a controlled test

a)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

b)

3, 5, 1, 4, 2

c)

3, 1, 5, 4, 2

d)

2, 3, 1, 4, 5

22.

From the 1920s through the 1960s, the two major forces in psychology were __________ and __________ psychology.

a)

structuralism; functionalism

b)

behaviorism; humanistic

c)

behaviorism; Freudian

d)

Freudian; humanistic

23.

The school of __________ used introspection to define the mind's makeup; __________ focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

a)

structuralism; functionalism

b)

behaviorism; humanistic

c)

functionalism; structuralism

d)

Freudian; behaviorism

24.

The __________ perspective in psychology focuses on how behavior and thought differ from situation to situation and from culture to culture, while the __________ perspective emphasizes observation of how we respond to and learn in different situations.

a)

social-cultural; behavioral

b)

evolutionary; behavioral

c)

neuroscience; cognitive

d)

psychodynamic; social-culture

25.

Which of the following examples is/are positive correlation(s)?

a)

The more children and youth used carious media, the less happy they were with their lives.

b)

The less sexual content teens saw on TV, the less likely they were to have sex.

c)

The longer children were breast-fed, the greater their later academic achievement.

d)

The more income rose among a sample of poor families, the fewer psychiatric symptoms their children experienced.

26.

By using random assignment, researchers are able to control for __________ __________, which are other factors besides the independent variable(s) that may influence research results.

a)

independent variables

b)

dependent variables

c)

confounding variables

d)

randome variables

27.

The __________ describes the enhanced memory that results from repeated retrieved (as in self-testing) rather than form simple rereading of new information.

a)

experiment

b)

theory

c)

testing effect

d)

hypothesis

28.

What does the acronym SQ3R stand for?

a)

survey, question, read, retrieve, and review

b)

sample, question, review, rewrite, and respond

c)

survey, quotient, remember, read, and review

d)

survey, question, read, rewrite, and review

29.

Which THREE answer choices are part of the 7 perspectives of psychology?

a)

Neuroscience

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Social-cultural

d)

Mental process

e)

biopsychosocial

30.

Which TWO answer choices are part of the 7 perspectives of psychology?

a)

Evolutionary

b)

Behavior genetics

c)

Ethnicity

d)

Cultural

e)

Genetics

31.

Which TWO answer choices are part of the 7 perspectives of psychology?

a)

Cognitive

b)

Behavioral

c)

Positive

d)

Science

e)

Physiology

32.

Which of the following is the definition of psychology?

a)

the study of the mind

b)

the study of people

c)

the study of modern psychology

d)

the study of birth of people

33.

On what date was the birth of Modern psychology?

a)

March 1757

b)

March 1879

c)

December 1757

d)

December 1879

34.

Where was the birth of Modern Psychology found?

a)

On the second-floor of a University in the United States.

b)

On the first-floor of Harvard University.

c)

On the fourth-floor of Russia's University of Zeipzig

d)

On the third-floor of Germany's University of Leipzig.

35.

Who established the first psychology laboratory?

a)

William James

b)

Wilhelm Wundt

c)

John B. Watson

d)

B.F. Skinner

e)

Sigmund Freud

36.

Which of the following psychologist was influences by Charles Darwin?

a)

John B. Watson

b)

Wilhelm Wundt

c)

Edward Bradford Titchener

d)

William James

37.

Which of the following schools of thought did Charles Darwin influence?

a)

Structuralism

b)

Functionalism

c)

Behavioralism

d)

Freudian

38.

__________ is the quackery and pseudoscience covered by psychological language.

a)

cognitive neuroscience

b)

psychobabble

c)

evolutionary psychology

d)

natural selection

39.

A ________ helps us see the world more clearly by revealing the extent to which two things relate.

a)

negative correlation

b)

postive correlation

c)

correlation coefficient

d)

correlation

40.

________ is when a person tends to know more than they do and tend to be more confident than correct.

a)

psychobabble

b)

overconfidence

c)

correlation

d)

naturalistic observations

41.

Which of the following are the FOUR goals of Psychology?

a)

Describe Behavior

b)

Explain Behavior

c)

Predict Behavior

d)

Change Behavior

e)

Measuring Behavior

42.

________ is a method of collecting data from sources that already exist.

a)

case study

b)

survey

c)

random assignment

d)

archival research

43.

________ is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

a)

survey

b)

case study

c)

prediction

d)

archival research

44.

________ is a descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.

a)

survey

b)

case study

c)

archival research

d)

naturalistic observation

45.

________ is a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.

a)

survey

b)

archival research

c)

case study

d)

naturalistic observation

46.

________ is a measure of the extent to which two factors very together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

a)

correlation coefficient

b)

correlation

c)

survey

d)

experiment

47.

________ is a statistical index of the relationship between two things.

a)

correlation coefficient

b)

correlation

c)

survey

d)

case study

48.

A ________ is above 0 to +1.00; a ________ is below 0 to -1.00

a)

positive; negative

b)

negative; postive

c)

postive; neutral

d)

negative; neutral

49.

A ________ correlation indicates a direct relationship, meaning 2 things increase and decrease together.

a)

postitive

b)

negative

c)

confounding

d)

neutral

50.

A ________ correlation indicated an inverse relationship as one increases the other decreases.

a)

postive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

d)

confounding

51.

________ is the perception of a relationship where none exists.

a)

negative correlation

b)

postive correlation

c)

confounding correlation

d)

illusory correlation

52.

Which of the following are illusory correlations?

a)

Pregnancy cravings and the sex of the child.

b)

Reading more and more vocabulary you learn

c)

Sugar and hyperactivity

d)

Sleeping more and learning more

e)

Arthritis and cold weather

53.

________ is a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (Independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.

a)

survey

b)

experiment

c)

replication

d)

debriefing

54.

________ variable is the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the another variable is manipulated.

a)

independent

b)

dependent

c)

confounding

d)

replication

55.

________ is the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

a)

independent

b)

dependent

c)

confounding

d)

debriefing

56.

________ is a factor other than the factor being studied that might produce an effect.

a)

dependent

b)

independent

c)

confounding

d)

illusory

57.

________ is giving potential participants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.

a)

informed consent

b)

debriefing

c)

replication

d)

confounding variable

58.

________ is the post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants.

a)

informed consent

b)

debriefing

c)

replication

d)

confounding variable

59.

________ is repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations.

a)

informed consent

b)

confounding variable

c)

replication

d)

debriefing

60.

________ pyschologist studies the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

a)

clinical

b)

evolutionary

c)

psychiatrist

d)

theory

61.

________ is important to see whether the basic finding can be produced.

a)

informed consent

b)

debriefing

c)

replication

d)

correlation