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WorksheetsPsychology Ch. 1
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
In 1879, in psychology’s first experiment, ____________ and his students measured the time lag between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a key.
B. F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
William James would be considered a(n) _________. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener would be considered ___________.
Functionalist; structuralists
Structuralist; functionalists
Evolutionary theorist; structuralists
Functionalist; evolutionary theorists
In the early twentieth century, ___________ redefined psychology as “the science of observable behavior.”
John B. Watson
Abraham Maslow
William James
Sigmund Freud
Nature is to nurture as
Personality is to intelligence.
Biology is to experience.
Intelligence is to biology.
Psychological traits are to behaviors.
A psychologist treating emotionally troubled adolescents at a local mental health agency is most likely to be a(n)
research psychologist.
Psychiatrist.
Industrial-organizational psychologist.
Clinical psychologist.
A mental health professional with a medical degree who can prescribe medication is a _____________.
Research psychologist
Psychiatrist
Industrial-organizational psychologist
Clinical psychologist
A psychologist conducting basic research to expand psychology’s knowledge base would be most likely to
Design a computer screen with limited glare and assess the effect on computer operators’ eyes after a day’s work.
Treat older people who are overcome by depression.
Observe 3- and 6-year-olds solving puzzles and analyze differences in their abilities.
Interview children with behavioral problems and suggest treatments.
__________________ refers to our tendency to perceive events as obvious or inevitable after the fact.
intuition
confidence
hindsight bias
theory
As scientists, psychologists
do not disclose their methods, so as to avoid other scientists' replicating their research.
assume the truth of articles published in leading scientific journals.
discount evidence that competes with established assumptions.
are willing to ask questions and to reject claims that cannot be verified by research.
Which of the following is NOT one of the descriptive methods psychologist use to observe and describe behavior?
a case study
Naturalistic observation
Correlational research
a phone survey
You wish to survey a group of people who truly represent the country's adult population. The best way to ensure this is to question a ______________ sample of the population, in which each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
Representative
Random
Theory
Population
Theory-based predictions are called
hypothesis
theory
data
correlation
A study finds that the more childbirth training classes women attend, the less pain medication they require during childbirth. This finding can be stated as a (a) (positive/negative) correlation.
knowing that two events are correlated provides
a basis for prediction.
an explanation of why the events are related.
proof that as one increases, the other also increases.
an indication that an underlying third factor is at work.
To explain behaviors and clarify cause and effect, psychologists use __________________.
experiments
research
data
case studies
To test the effect of a new drug on depression, we randomly assign people to control and experimental groups. Those in the control group take a pill that contains no medication. This is a ________________.
placebo
control group
experimental group
experiment
In a double-blind procedure,
only the participants know whether they are in the control group or the experimental group.
experimental and control group members will be carefully matched for age, sex, income, and education level.
neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the experimental group or control group.
someone separate from the researcher will ask people to volunteer for the experimental group or the control group.
A researcher wants to determine whether noise level affects workers' blood pressure. In one group, she varies the level of noise in the environment and records participants' blood pressure. In this experiment, the level of noise is the (a) (independent/dependent) variable.
The laboratory environment is designed to
exactly re-create events of everyday life.
re-create psychological forces under controlled conditions.
provide a safe place.
minimize the use of animals and humans in psychological research.
In defending their experimental research with animals, psychologists have noted that
animal research is subject to codes of ethics that ensure the animals' health, safety and comfort.
animal experimentation sometimes helps animals as well as humans.
advancing the well-being of humans justifies animal experimentation.
all of these statements are correct.
Which of the following are the steps in the Scientific Method? Select the answer choice that applies to the number in their correct order.
1) Collect data
2) Publish, criticize, and replicate
3) Develop a hypothesis
4) Analyze the data
5) Perform a controlled test
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
3, 5, 1, 4, 2
3, 1, 5, 4, 2
2, 3, 1, 4, 5
From the 1920s through the 1960s, the two major forces in psychology were __________ and __________ psychology.
structuralism; functionalism
behaviorism; humanistic
behaviorism; Freudian
Freudian; humanistic
The school of __________ used introspection to define the mind's makeup; __________ focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
structuralism; functionalism
behaviorism; humanistic
functionalism; structuralism
Freudian; behaviorism
The __________ perspective in psychology focuses on how behavior and thought differ from situation to situation and from culture to culture, while the __________ perspective emphasizes observation of how we respond to and learn in different situations.
social-cultural; behavioral
evolutionary; behavioral
neuroscience; cognitive
psychodynamic; social-culture
Which of the following examples is/are positive correlation(s)?
The more children and youth used carious media, the less happy they were with their lives.
The less sexual content teens saw on TV, the less likely they were to have sex.
The longer children were breast-fed, the greater their later academic achievement.
The more income rose among a sample of poor families, the fewer psychiatric symptoms their children experienced.
By using random assignment, researchers are able to control for __________ __________, which are other factors besides the independent variable(s) that may influence research results.
independent variables
dependent variables
confounding variables
randome variables
The __________ describes the enhanced memory that results from repeated retrieved (as in self-testing) rather than form simple rereading of new information.
experiment
theory
testing effect
hypothesis
What does the acronym SQ3R stand for?
survey, question, read, retrieve, and review
sample, question, review, rewrite, and respond
survey, quotient, remember, read, and review
survey, question, read, rewrite, and review
Which THREE answer choices are part of the 7 perspectives of psychology?
Neuroscience
Psychodynamic
Social-cultural
Mental process
biopsychosocial
Which TWO answer choices are part of the 7 perspectives of psychology?
Evolutionary
Behavior genetics
Ethnicity
Cultural
Genetics
Which TWO answer choices are part of the 7 perspectives of psychology?
Cognitive
Behavioral
Positive
Science
Physiology
Which of the following is the definition of psychology?
the study of the mind
the study of people
the study of modern psychology
the study of birth of people
On what date was the birth of Modern psychology?
March 1757
March 1879
December 1757
December 1879
Where was the birth of Modern Psychology found?
On the second-floor of a University in the United States.
On the first-floor of Harvard University.
On the fourth-floor of Russia's University of Zeipzig
On the third-floor of Germany's University of Leipzig.
Who established the first psychology laboratory?
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Which of the following psychologist was influences by Charles Darwin?
John B. Watson
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Bradford Titchener
William James
Which of the following schools of thought did Charles Darwin influence?
Structuralism
Functionalism
Behavioralism
Freudian
__________ is the quackery and pseudoscience covered by psychological language.
cognitive neuroscience
psychobabble
evolutionary psychology
natural selection
A ________ helps us see the world more clearly by revealing the extent to which two things relate.
negative correlation
postive correlation
correlation coefficient
correlation
________ is when a person tends to know more than they do and tend to be more confident than correct.
psychobabble
overconfidence
correlation
naturalistic observations
Which of the following are the FOUR goals of Psychology?
Describe Behavior
Explain Behavior
Predict Behavior
Change Behavior
Measuring Behavior
________ is a method of collecting data from sources that already exist.
case study
survey
random assignment
archival research
________ is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
survey
case study
prediction
archival research
________ is a descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
survey
case study
archival research
naturalistic observation
________ is a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
survey
archival research
case study
naturalistic observation
________ is a measure of the extent to which two factors very together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.
correlation coefficient
correlation
survey
experiment
________ is a statistical index of the relationship between two things.
correlation coefficient
correlation
survey
case study
A ________ is above 0 to +1.00; a ________ is below 0 to -1.00
positive; negative
negative; postive
postive; neutral
negative; neutral
A ________ correlation indicates a direct relationship, meaning 2 things increase and decrease together.
postitive
negative
confounding
neutral
A ________ correlation indicated an inverse relationship as one increases the other decreases.
postive
negative
neutral
confounding
________ is the perception of a relationship where none exists.
negative correlation
postive correlation
confounding correlation
illusory correlation
Which of the following are illusory correlations?
Pregnancy cravings and the sex of the child.
Reading more and more vocabulary you learn
Sugar and hyperactivity
Sleeping more and learning more
Arthritis and cold weather
________ is a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (Independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.
survey
experiment
replication
debriefing
________ variable is the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the another variable is manipulated.
independent
dependent
confounding
replication
________ is the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
independent
dependent
confounding
debriefing
________ is a factor other than the factor being studied that might produce an effect.
dependent
independent
confounding
illusory
________ is giving potential participants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.
informed consent
debriefing
replication
confounding variable
________ is the post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants.
informed consent
debriefing
replication
confounding variable
________ is repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations.
informed consent
confounding variable
replication
debriefing
________ pyschologist studies the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.
clinical
evolutionary
psychiatrist
theory
________ is important to see whether the basic finding can be produced.
informed consent
debriefing
replication
correlation
