It is the study of mental processes, which includes determining

the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates.

He pioneered the experimentation in the cognitive sciences. He was interested in determining how long it takes for a person to make a decision.

Wilhelm Wundt's method for structuralism.

He was interested in determining the nature of memory and

forgetting—specifically, how rapidly information that is learned is lost over time.

The first laboratory of

scientific psychology at the _____.

Instead of conducting experiments, he reported observations of his own experience. He also published the first psychology textbook.

The American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism.

He theorized operant conditioning which focused on how behavior is strengthened by the presentation of positive reinforcers.

Edward Chace Tolman coined the term _____, which is an internal representation (or image) of external environmental feature or landmark.

This refers to the shift in psychology from the behaviorist’s focus on stimulus–response

relationships to an approach whose main thrust was to understand the operation of the

mind.

It is a system of ideas that dominate science at a particular time.

John McCarthy describes this approach as “making a machine behave

in ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving”.

They study the higher mental processes and pictures the flow of information in the

memory system as progressing through three stages.

The field measuring electrical responses of the nervous system, making it possible to listen to the activity of single neurons.

This is considered as the birth year of cognitive science.

He organized a conference at Dartmouth in the summer of 1956 to provide a forum for researchers to discuss ways that computers could be programmed to carry out intelligent behavior.

She conducted an experiment wherein she presented participants with two auditory messages, one to the left ear and one to the right ear, and told them to focus their attention on one of the messages (the attended message) and to ignore the other one (the unattended message).

One of these events was the introduction of a new technology that suggested a new way of describing the operation of the mind. That new technology was the _____.

It is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals.