WorksheetsHIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 58mins
Genus of HIV is
Lentivirus
Morbillivirus
Rubivirus
Orthoretrovirinae
Subfamily of HIV is
Lentivirus
Orthoretrovirinae
Retroviridae
Paramyxovirinae
Family of HIV is :
Retroviridae
Orthoretrovirinae
Coronavirales
Mononegavirales
HIV is enveloped.
True
False
It has not been proven scientifically.
The virus is not enveloped in some cases.
Possible treatments to delay HIV infection :
Administration of anti-retroviral drugs (Combination of at least 3 drugs)
Suppressing the replication of HIV
Slowing the decline of CD4 T-cell count and progression of AIDS
Using HAART
Tenormin ® 50mg is mild to delay the effects of HIV infection
HAART stands for :
(a)
What is HAART used for?
to cure HIV infection by completely eradicating the number of viruses in the blood
to prevent the HIV from making copies of itself, limit how much viral load should be in the blood and greatly reduce the chance of passing HIV to partners
to weaken the viruses so that the patient cannot transmit HIV to other people through risky behaviors
to strengthen the CD4 T-cells for fighting HIV as many as possible
What is window period?
The time between the infection and the revelation of detectable of HIV antibodies
The incubation period of HIV, meaning the time between the entry of the HIV and the onset of symptoms
The time when a patient receives treatment for HIV
The time when an infected person transmits HIV to another person.
How long is the window period of HIV?
1 - 2 weeks
6 weeks - 3 months
1 - 2 years
5 - 6 years
Why can a person be HIV-positive while the test shows negative?
He or she did the test during the window period, meaning HIV antibody is absent.
His or her immune system may have eliminated HIV once, but they rise in bloodstream again right after their latent period
HIV had been filtered by nephrons of the kidneys, thus they were excreted completely, but the person gets infected again. Subsequently, the kidneys lose their function to excrete the viruses.
He or she is using HAART to suppress the viruses
HIV infection is divided in
2 stages
3 stages
4 stages
5 stages
Acute HIV infection is in
Primary stage
Secondary stage
Tertiary stage
Quaternary stage
Chronic HIV infection or viral latency is in
Primary stage
Secondary stage
Tertiary stage
Quaternary stage
AIDS appears in
Primary stage
Secondary stage
Tertiary stage
Quaternary stage
Normal people have CD4 cell count of
100 - 500
500 - 1200
700 - 1500
1000 - 2000
An HIV-infected person is at risk for opportunistic infections when his or her CD4 cell count drops below
1000
500
200
50
An HIV-infected person gets advanced HIV infection when his or her CD4 cell count drops below
1000
500
200
50
Most deaths of HIV infection occur when CD4 cell count drops below
1000
500
200
50
Primary infection stage of HIV infection gives out some neglect-able symptoms such as
Lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, headache, fatigue, sore throat, diarrhea, neurological manifestation, loss of appetite, weight loss
Persistent herpes-zoster (Shingles), oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplekia, Kaposi's sarcoma
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), Cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis
Mycobacterium avium, cytomegalovirus infection, lymphoma
In tertiary infection, predictive diseases of the progression of AIDS are
Lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, headache, fatigue, sore throat, diarrhea, neurological manifestation, loss of appetite, weight loss
Persistent herpes-zoster (Shingles), oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplekia, Kaposi's sarcoma
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), Cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis
Mycobacterium avium, cytomegalovirus infection, lymphoma
Once the CD4 cell count of an HIV-infected person drops below 200, he or she is at risk for :
Lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, headache, fatigue, sore throat, diarrhea, neurological manifestation, loss of appetite, weight loss
Persistent herpes-zoster (Shingles), oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplekia, Kaposi's sarcoma
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), Cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis
Mycobacterium avium, cytomegalovirus infection, lymphoma
Once the CD4 cell count of an HIV-infected person drops below 50, he or she is at risk for :
Lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, headache, fatigue, sore throat, diarrhea, neurological manifestation, loss of appetite, weight loss
Persistent herpes-zoster (Shingles), oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplekia, Kaposi's sarcoma
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), Cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis
Mycobacterium avium, cytomegalovirus infection, lymphoma
Direct diagnosis for HIV :
RT-PCR test for viral RNA
Detection of HIV antigen p24
Viral cultivation
Western blot
Detection of specific antibodies : IgM and IgG
Indirect diagnosis for HIV :
RT-PCR test for viral RNA
Detection of HIV antigen p24
CD4 cell count
Western blot
Detection of specific antibodies : IgM and IgG
HIV 1 presents in :
Sub-Saharan region and worldwide
West Central Africa
Part of Europe
India
HIV 2 presents in :
Sub-Saharan region and worldwide
West Central Africa
Part of Europe
India
A group of HIV 1 that usually dominates the pandemics :
Group M
Group N
Group O
Group P
HIV 1 is less easily transmissible and pathogenic than HIV 2.
True
False
It has not been proven scientifically
In some cases, HIV 2 is less easily transmissible and pathogenic.
HIV transmission :
Sexual contact with infected partner(s)
Exposure of broken skin or wound to infected blood products
Sharing contaminated needles (among IV drug abusers especially)
Transplantation of infected tissues or organs
Mother-to-fetus transmission (perinatal transmission, breastfeeding)
