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WorksheetsRADR 1303: Chapter 15 Vitals
Total questions: 51
Worksheet time: 30mins
What is homeostasis?
Your body's natural resistance to only infections
Constancy in the internal environment of the body that is naturally maintained by adaptive responses
Maintaining proper body temperature during environmental changes
Something to do with genetics
Primary mechanisms that maintain homeostasis (Choose all that apply)
Heartbeat
BP
Electrolyte Balance
Body Temperature
Respiratory Rate
Define body temperature
Body’s degree of heat of the skin's surface
Temperature of the surface of the body at a resting state
Body’s degree of heat of the deep tissues
Body temperature
What is the normal body temperature in Farenheit
Power level over 9,000!!!!!
37 C (+/- 0.5-1.0 C)
98.6 F (+/- 1-2 F)
96.8 F (+/- 3 x 10^8)
During diaphoresis, the _____(gland) regulates heat loss. The peripheral blood vessels in our body ______ to compensate.
Subcutaneous; secrete
Heart; shrinks
Hypothalamus; dilate
Brain; expands
What are TWO things a body can do to conserve heat?
Nothing if it's lazy; probably watch Netflix
Shiver; dilation of peripheral blood vessels
Shiver; constriction of peripheral blood vessels
Shiver; mess with the thermostat
Oral, Axillary, Rectal, Tympanic Membrane, Temporal Artery are all examples of what?
Different anatomical structures in the extremities
Different methods to check for heart beat
Different methods to confuse patient's with medical jargon
Different routes commonly used to measure body temperature
1) Notoriously inaccurate route to measure body temperature? 2) Most accurate route to measure body temperature?
1) Rectal; 2) Axillary
1) Back of hand; 2) Front of hand
1) Axillary; 2) Rectal
1) Tympanic Membrane; Oral
Define hyperthermia. (3) (Choose multiple)
Abnormally low body temperature (below 97.7 F)
Abnormally high body temperature (above 99.5 F)
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
More oxygen is needed within the body
True or False: Hypothermia means low body temperature (ferbile), below 97.7 F, and vasoconstriction
True
False
Why is it a common treatment to medically induce hypothermia during and/or following
heart surgery.
Decreases metabolic demands thus, increasing demand for the cardiopulmonary system
Increase metabolic demands thus, decreasing demand for cardiopulmonary system
Decrease metabolic demands thus, decreasing the demand for the cardiopulmonary system
Surgeons read it in their textbooks so it's now common practice to do so
True or False: Confusion, dizziness, comatose, and increased body temperature are common symptoms of hyperthermia
True
False
What is an example of a waste of cellular metabolism?
Feces
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Tidal volume is....
Volume of waves crashing into Galveston Bay during a Hurricane
The amount of oxygen molecules we inhale through our esophagus
The amount of oxygen we exhale through our trachea
Depth of breath and volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle
Ventilation is the mechanical movement of air in and out of our lungs using our diaphragemms
True
False
What is the normal respiratory rate in newborns?
30-60 breaths per second
15-20 breaths per minute
30-60 breaths per minute
20-30 breaths per minute
If a person's cellular metabolism is increased, what happens to the demand for oxygen and how does the respiratory system compensate?
Demand for oxygen increases; Increased respiratory rate to deliver additional oxygen to the blood
Demand for oxygen increases; Increased respiratory rate to deliver additional oxygen to the lungs
Demand for oxygen decreases; Decreased respiratory rate to deliver additional oxygen to the blood
Increased cellular metabolism does not affect demand for oxygen or respiratory system
You notice a patient's breath is slow, how would you describe their breathing?
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Apnea
Orthopnea
Bradypnea
A patient has suffered from a drug overdose, head trauma, AND hypothermia. These are common symptoms of...
Bradypnea
Apnea
Lack of luck
Tachypnea
The three common sites for measuring pulse rates include: (choose multiple)
Femoral Artery
Radial Artery
Brachial Artery
Costophrenic Artery
Carotid Artery
Pulses are assessed peripherally during CPR for what reason? (femoral, pedal (foot), and radial arteries)
Indicates diastolic blood pressure of at least 80mm Hg and verifies effective chest compression
Checking the pulse on the Carotid Artery is deemed harassment when a patient is unconscious
False, you can check all 3 common sites to measure pulse rates
They are the most accurate
Define Arterial Lines: (2) (choose multiple)
Catheter inserted into an artery
Catheter is connected to a pressure transducer that is attached to a monitor for continual measurement of a pt's heart rate and blood pressure
Non-invasive device to measure continual measurement of a pt's heart rate only
Can be attached to finger, foot, toe, ear lobe, temple, nose, or forehead
Define auscultation
Listening to sounds of the body with a stethoscope
Listening to sounds of the body with a sphygmomanometer
Listening to sounds of the body with a stethoscope with headphones attached via 3.5mm cable
Listening to a patient's pulse to determine heart rate
___ is used to measure hemoglobin oxygen saturation of arterial blood and heart rate. ____is the normal range for a healthy person.
Sphygmomanometer; 95-100%
Auscultation; 95-100%
Pulse oximeter; 95-100%
Blood pressure; 95-100%
Tachycardia is caused by exercise, fever, anemia, respiratory disorders, congestive heart failure, hypoxemia, and shock, what is the range of BPM for tachycardia? (3)(Choose multiple)
Greater than 90 BPM
Greater than 100 BPM
Greater than 110 BPM
Greater than 120 BPM
Life threatening situations can occur when irregular pulse rates are accompanied by... (Choose 3)
Febrile
Palpations
Bradypnea
Faintness
Dizziness
Term referring to the period of relaxation of the heart (dilation)
Diastolic pressure (bottom number of BP)
Systolic pressure (top number of BP)
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
What is happening to the brachial artery when a blood pressure cuff is properly inflated (inflated above the patient’s systolic pressure) on the arm?
Stops blood flow to the arm by collapsing the radial artery
Stops blood flow to see how much discomfort the patient can handle
Stops blood flow to the arm by collapsing the femoral artery
Stops blood flow to the arm by collapsing the brachial artery
With a stethoscope placed over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa of the elbow, slowly opening the valve on the sphygmomanometer allows blood flow to return. The first sound of turbulence in the stethoscope correlates to which part of the blood pressure measurement?
Diastolic
Systolic
Diastolic & Systolic
Korotkoff Sounds
How can you tell when diastolic pressure has been reached?
When you see the first blip on the sphygmomanometer
When Korotkoff sounds can no longer be heard
When you see the gauge reaches zero
When all air is released from the sphygmomanometer
A patient's blood pressure reads 125/90 mm Hg. Is this the normal range in adults?
Yes
No, the patient has hypocardia
No, the patient has tachypnea
No, the patient has hypertension
These are contributing factors of hypertension: smoking, stress, medications, disease, and orthopnea
True
False
Hypoxemia is...
Abnormally high level of oxygen in the blood
Abnormally low level of blood in the heart
Abnormally low level of oxygen in the lungs
Abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood
Without Oxygen therapy, hypoxia may damage which organs? (4) (Select multiple)
Brain
Heart
Psoas
Lung
Liver
A patient's oxygen should NEVER be removed for an x-ray. It can ONLY be removed with consent or supervision of a physician, respiratory practitioner, or attending nurse.
True
False
What is the main difference between low-flow oxygen and high-flow oxygen delivery systems?
High-flow precisely mixes with 100% oxygen; Low-flow mixes an unknown amount of room air mixed with oxygen via nasal cannula
High-flow precisely mixes with 100% oxygen; Low-flow mixes an unknown amount of room air mixed with oxygen via nasal cannula via oxygen mask
High-flow is for pt with larger lungs (hypersthenic); Low-flow is for pt with smaller lungs (asthenic)
Why must a chest x-ray be ordered, after intubation, with the help of a nurse or respiratory therapist when positioning a patient?
Verify gas-fluid levels on the patient and reduce the chance of moving the endotracheal tube
Verify that position of the arterial line and reduce the chance of moving the endotracheal tube
Verify position of endotracheal tube and reduce the chance of moving the endotracheal tube
What can happen if the corrugated tubing (endotracheal tube to the ventilator) is mishandled while performing a portable radiograph?
Patient can die immediately
Patient will have a build up of humidity in the tubing and go into the lungs
Patient will have a build up of gas in the tubing and go into the lungs
Patient will have a build up of blood in the tubing and go into the pleural cavity
Tracheal intubation is accomplished most often using a translaryngeal approach via the _____ or the_____.
Esophagus; nose
Epiglottis; mouth
Mouth; nose
Laryngeal prominence; nose
Properly positioned endotracheal tube should show what on a radiograph?
The proximal tip of the tube 1-2 in superior of the left inferior lobe of the lung
The distal tip of the tube 1-2 in superior of the trachea
The distal tip of the tube 1-2 in superior of the carina
The proximal tip of the tub 3-4 in superior of the right bronchus
A patient is complaining about difficulty breathing. A chest radiograph shows atelectasis. How would you describe the image?
Absence of gas from part or their whole lung due to failure of expansion or reabsorption of gas
Absence of gas from only the left lung due to failure of expansion or reabsorption of gas
Absence of gas from only the right lung due to failure of expansion or reabsorption of gas
Absence of gas from part or their whole lung due to angina
What are thoracostomy tubes used for?
Aid in breathing
Easier access to inject medication to patient's without sticking them with a needle so many times
Drain fluid in the intrapleural space and mediastinum
Drain fluid in the myocardial space and mediastinum
Chest tube is used to treat pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, and empyema
False
True
Most ideal position to show least amount of pleural fluid on a chest radiograph
Lateral Decub
AP Lordotic
Modified Sims
Trendelenburg
What is the best way to demonstrate a pneumothorax on a chest radiograph? (2) (choose multiple)
During exhalation
Lateral decubitus filming with the ipsilateral side up
During the end of second inhalation
Dorsal decubitus
True or False: Central Venous Lines (CV) are inserted into the aorta and used to administer a variety of drugs, manage fluid volume, serve as a conduit for blood analysis and transfusions, and monitor cardiac pressures
False
True
4 Types of central venous catheters (choose multiple)
Pigg-O-Stat
Hickam, Groshong, Braviac
Mediport
Peripherally Inserted Central Cather
Port-a-Cath
What are the THREE common locations for a Central Venous Catheter Insertion? (Choose multiple)
Subclavian vein
Subclavian artery
Internal jugular vein
Femoral vein
Radial artery
Another name for Pulmonary Arterial (PA) lines?
Swan-Gunt Catheter
Endotracheal Tube
Swan-Ganz Catheter
Swim-Gauz Catheter
Best location for a Central Venous Catheter tip?
Beyond the superior vena cava
Superior vena cava 2-3 cm above the artrial junction
1-2 in superior the carina
Anywhere is fine really
There is a small electrode in which "Line"? What does it do?
Central Venous Line; monitor pulmonary arterial pressures
Pulmonary Arterial Line; monitor pulmonary arterial pressures
Midsagittal line; monitor pulmonary arterial pressures
