NEW
Font size
WorksheetsExam 1 review - Exercise Physiology
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 50mins
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?
Glycogen
ATP
Glucose
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
ETC
What is/are the rate-limiting enzyme(s) for The oxidative system?
PFK
Creatine kinase
isocitrate dehydrogenase (Krebs Cycle), cytochrome oxidase (ETC)
isocitrate dehydrogenase only
What is the rate limiting enzyme for ATP-PCr system?
Creatine Kinase
PFK
cytochrome oxidase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
What are three ways lactate can be shuttled out of a working muscle?
Transport to the heart, transport to the liver, transport to non-active muscles
Transport to the kidneys
Transport to the liver only
At the start of the oxidative system, pyruvic acid is turned into ____________ before it enters the Krebs Cycle.
Acetyl CoA
Lactic acid
pyruvate
Why does fat oxidation require more energy compared with glucose oxidation?
because it's a simple molecular structure
because it has more carbon bonds
it does not require more energy
What is the crossover concept?
When the body switches over to carbohydrate from fat as intensity increases
When the body switches over to fat from carbohydrate as intensity increases
When the body switches over to carbohydrate from protein as intensity increases
How many ATPs are produced via glycolysis of glucose?
2
3
32
1
What part of the neuron makes decisions as to which message (EPSP vs IPSP) to propagate?
Axon Hillock
Dendrites
Nucleus
NMJ
What system actively transports potassium into and sodium out of the cell to maintain the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
Sodium-potassium pump
Respiratory system
What are localized changes in membrane potential (either depolarization or hyperpolarization) called?
Action potentials
Graded potentials
Refractory periods
What principle can help explain the depolarization threshold?
All-or-none Principle
vice principal
Myelination of a neuron can improve what types of physical activities?
strength only
Flexibility and balance
Agility, Balance, Coordination
The refractory period does not limit a motor unit’s firing frequency
True
False
What neurotransmitter is the primary neurotransmitter for the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle?
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Acetyl CoA
What kinesthetic receptor senses how much a muscle is stretched?
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Joint receptors
mechanoreceptors
What subdivision of the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate, vasoconstriction, and bronchodilation?
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Pathetic nervous system
Where do more complex movement patterns originate from compared to motor reflexes?
Cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Spinal cord
What part of a muscle fiber stores calcium?
Sarcoplasm
T-tubules
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is a motor unit?
An alpha motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates
A gamma motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates
the site where a neuron and muscle meet
Describe the sliding filament theory
Calcium binds to troponin. Tropomyosin moves off the actin binding sites. Myosin binds with active actin binding sites and pulls.
Calcium binds to tropomyosin. Troponin moves off the actin binding sites. Myosin binds with active actin binding sites and pulls.
Calcium binds to troponin. Tropomyosin moves off the actin binding sites. Actin heads binds with active myosin binding sites and pulls.
When does a muscle contraction end?
When calcium travels down the t-tubules
When sodium is pumped out of the cell
When calcium is taken back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
What muscle fiber type has the lowest motor unit strength?
Type I
Type IIa
Type IIx
What muscle fiber type has the highest sarcoplasmic reticulum development?
Type I
Type IIx
Type IIa
All fiber types tend to reach their peak power at what peak force?
10%
45%
20%
What are two dynamic muscle actions?
Isotonic and isometric
Concentric and eccentric
static and isometric
Increasing firing rate and recruiting more MU’s are two ways more force can be generated with a muscle contraction
True
False
Compare and contrast a twitch, summation, and tetanus
Single stimulus, extended stimuli, more than 3 stimuli added
multiple stimuli, more than 10 stimuli added, extended stimuli
Single stimulus, more than 3 stimuli added, extended stimuli
During the concentric phase of a movement, more force is generated at what velocity?
Slow
Fast
What are two factors the determine blood hormone concentrations?
Plasma volume, and receptors available
pH levels and the organ
What is the difference between hormonal, humoral, and neural stimulation?
the first uses NS, second uses changing ion and nutrient levels, and third uses hormones
the first uses hormones, second uses changing ion and nutrient levels, and third is stimulated by the NS
A decrease in receptor number in response to high concentrations of a hormone is called?
Down regulation
Up regulation
Saturation
What type of hormone is lipid soluble and has mRNA activate protein synthesis?
non-steroid hormones
steroid hormones
adrenaline
T3 and T4
Name one steroid hormone and one nonsteroidal hormone
Cortisol; epinephrine
epinephrine; cortisol
T3; aldosterone
aldosterone; testosterone
What hormone increases gluconeogenesis and stimulates the release of IGF-1?
Growth Hormone
testosterone
estrogen
catecholamines
What two hormones are permissive hormones?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
testosterone and GH
T3 and T4
Why is glycogenolysis related to exercise intensity?
Because you need to break down more glucose into glycogen to generate ATP
Because you need to break down more glycogen into glucose to generate ATP
Because you need to break down more glycogen into FFA to generate ATP
What hormones promote muscle glycogen, liver glucose, and FFA mobilization but interfere with glucose uptake?
Steroid hormones
Catecholamines
T3 and T4
What are two pancreatic endocrine hormones and what are their roles?
Insulin: stimulates glucose, amino acid, and FFA uptake by cells; Glycogen: primary storage of glucose
Insulin: stimulates glucose, amino acid, and FFA uptake by cells; glucagon: promotes mobilization of glucose release from liver, and FFA from adipose tissue
ADH: Hemoconcentration during exercise, increased plasma osmolarity, and low plasma volume stimulate the release of ADH. glucagon: promotes mobilization of glucose release from liver, and FFA from adipose tissue
What hormone promotes protein catabolism?
Cortisol
Epinephrine
GH
What hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and promotes water retention in the kidneys in an effort to dilute plasma electrolyte concentrations?
ADH
Aldosterone
Insulin
Glucagon
What is renin?
Stimulates lipolysis via lipase
Promotes renal reabsorption of sodium, causing the body to retain sodium
Initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism to help maintain plasma volume and blood pressure
What is the difference between direct and indirect calorimetry?
Direct calorimetry measures heat while indirect calorimetry measures oxygen consumed vs carbon dioxide produced
Indirect calorimetry measures heat while direct calorimetry measures oxygen consumed vs carbon dioxide produced
What is the respiratory exchange ratio?
VO2/VCO2
VCO2/VO2
VCO2/VO2max
What does a RER value of 0.7 indicate?
Use of carbohydrates as an energy source
Use of fat as an energy source
Use of protein and an energy source
What is resting metabolic rate?
The minimum amount of energy required by the body to sustain basic cellular function
The maximum amount of energy required by the body to sustain basic cellular function
At what % of VO2max does lactate threshold occur in untrained people compared to elite athletes?
50-60% in untrained vs 70-80% in trained
70-80% in untrained vs 50-60% in trained
What is the primary buffer used to maintain cell pH between 7.1 and 6.4?
Bicarbonate
lactic acid
hemoglobin
What is the best measure for endurance performance?
Lactate threshold
VO2max
broad jump
