A: Really? I think this director is known for trying to portray events as they happened. I would like to think that he got his facts from a (2) ……………………… source.

B: Maybe it’s just me. I’m probably too (3) ……………………… about these things.

B: Do you honestly think that in the 1800s an experienced explorer like that would have been so (4) ……………………… as to believe the story about the hidden treasure?

A: I know, that part did seem a little far-fetched, but I’m usually quite (5) ……………………… of minor discrepancies like that as long as the basic story is based on the truth.

History is the collection of information from the past put together by historians so that people in the present have an understanding of how events have come (6) ______________.

Historians face a difficult task as they have to count (7) ____________ documents that have been through wars, revolutions and natural disasters and may be in poor condition.

There may be gaps in the evidence as people in the past may have made (8) ____________ with papers known to be important, or, worse still, destroyed them in order to cover up certain acts or events. In addition, some documents may be almost illegible, or in another language.

Historians always put their heads down and stick (9) _______ it because they might uncover some previously unknown facts.

Historians have to go (10) __________ the documents several times to be sure they’ve grasped the new information correctly.

PART 2: Use of English

Have you ever wondered how the idea for canned food (11) ___________________?

During the Napoleonic Wars in the 1800s, while the British Army (12) _______________ to supply its troops with the food they needed, an Englishman came up with an idea that is now commonplace in the kitchen.

Peter Durand learnt that the French preserved a lot of food in (13) _____________ jars and he thought this was a good idea. He was granted a patent for this process in 1810.

However, he was a little (14) __________________ about using something as fragile as glass, so in his process the raw vegetables or meat were placed in a tin can. They were then boiled in order to preserve them and they could last months in storage.

Durand (15) _______________ the process of canning; instead he sold his patent to Donkin and Hall, who set up a canning factory to supply troops.

The first cans produced were heavy and required a knife or hammer to open them. People (16) ________________ because there was no other option and the tin opener that we know today wasn’t invented until 1925!

On the afternoon of January 15^th 1919, a rather unusual disaster known as the Great Molasses Flood struck the city of Boston. A metal tank full of molasses, which was around 15 metres tall and 27 metres in diameter and contained 8,700m³ of the dark brown syrup, collapsed. A huge wave of molasses then swept (17) _________________ the street at around 56 km/h.

A little boy said he had (18) ______________ walking home when the wave picked him up and carried him along for quite a way. When his family found him, he was OK but covered in a very sticky substance.

The weather was blamed for the accident as temperatures had fallen rapidly overnight and the heat the next day

(19) ____________ caused some kind of chemical reaction in the tank. Sadly, a few people died in the accident and many people were injured.

The local community called on the emergency services to help with the rescue and clean-up operations. However, individuals were very (20) ________________ of one another as well, helping the injured and looking after children.

PART 3: READING

The Lord of the two lands.

The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh who the people followed and obeyed. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'.

As 'Lord of the Two Lands' the pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. He owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. As 'High Priest of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honour the gods.

Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognise the Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their land.

(21) What did the ruler of Egypt have to do?

The Lord of the two lands

The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh who the people followed and obeyed. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'.

As 'Lord of the Two Lands' the pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. He owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. As 'High Priest of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honour the gods.

Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognise the Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their land.

(22) Which of the following statements is true?

The Lord of the two lands.

The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh who the people followed and obeyed. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'.

As 'Lord of the Two Lands' the pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. He owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. As 'High Priest of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honour the gods.

Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognise the Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their land.

(23) Which of the following sentences describes the word “conquered”?

The Lord of the two lands.

The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh who the people followed and obeyed. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'.

As 'Lord of the Two Lands' the pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. He owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. As 'High Priest of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honour the gods.

Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognise the Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their land.

(24) Which of the following sentences is correct?

The Lord of the two lands.

The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh who the people followed and obeyed. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'.

As 'Lord of the Two Lands' the pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. He owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. As 'High Priest of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honour the gods.

Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognise the Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their land.

(25) Which of the following is the best title for this passage?