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Unit 1 Historical Perspectives in Psych Vocabulary Quiz

Total questions: 83

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Having the patient be self-reflective (looking inward), and training them to report elements of their experience.  
a)
structuralism
b)
introspection
c)
functionalism
d)
psychometrics
2.
Who was a prominent American functionalist?
John B. Watson b. Edward Titchener c. Wilhelm Wundt d. Jean Piaget e. William James
a)
John B. Watson
b)
Wilhelm Wundt
c)
Jean Piaget
d)
William James
3.
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of 
a)
childhood memories.
b)
unconscious thoughts. 
c)
healthy growth potential.
d)
punishment and reinforcement.
4.
In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of 
a)
 mental processes. 
b)
unconscious motives.
c)
learned behaviors.
d)
evolutionary influences.
5.
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of 
a)
conscious and unconscious mental activity.
b)
observable responses to the environment.
c)
 behavior and mental processes.
d)
 thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
6.
The most adaptive behaviors are the ones most likely to grow stronger and become habitual.
a)
Wilhelm Wundt 
b)
Francis Galton
c)
William James 
d)
Sigmund Freud 
7.
This theory of psychology does not recognize free will when it comes to making decisions and believe we are mechanically constrolled by our environment.
a)
psychoanalytic
b)
humanist 
c)
cognitive
d)
behaviorist
8.
Which school of psychology would most likely have written a book titled The Whole is More than the Parts?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Gestalt
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Behavioral
9.
Darwin’s theory of evolution influenced which school of thought?
a)
Structuralism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Gestalt
d)
Cognitive
10.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Abraham Maslow
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B.F. Skinner
11.
Which perspective believed psychology should only study observable and objectively described acts?
a)
Humanistic
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Structuralism
12.
 emphasizes the role that thoughts play in determining behavior  
a)
evolutionary perspective
b)
cognitive perspective
c)
biological perspective
d)
all of the above
13.
 the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
a)
psychology
b)
biology
c)
morality
d)
behavior
14.
psychological perspective that focuses on the interaction of biological processes, psychological dispositions, and social factors 
a)
humanistic perspective
b)
biopsychosocial perspective
c)
social-learning theory
d)
all of the above
15.

a statement that attempts to explain why something is the way it is and happens the way it does

a)

construct

b)

hypothesis

c)

law

d)

theory

16.

Which early psychological perspective believes that the mind can be broken up into separate parts?

a)

introspection

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

empricism

17.

What theory states that all knowledge should be collected through the senses/observation/experimentation?

a)

empiricism

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

introspection

18.

What early perspective did not care about the "parts" of the mind but rather how the mind adapts to what we need to survive?

a)

introspection

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

empiricism

19.

Which of the following has to do with your actions being because of you genetics?

a)

Nature

b)

Nurture

20.

Which of the following has to do with your actions being because of your environment?

a)

Nature

b)

Nurture

21.

Basic Research is...

a)

Research aimed at helping increase knowledge

b)

Research aimed at ruling out negative experiences

c)

Research aimed at solving practical problems

d)

Research aimed at repeating the scientific method

22.

Applied Research is...

a)

Research aimed at helping increase knowledge

b)

Research aimed at ruling out negative experiences

c)

Research aimed at solving practical problems

d)

Research aimed at repeating the scientific method

23.

Studying how people interact during a group project.

a)

Basic Psychology

b)

Applied Psychology

24.

Studying how the placement of dials and levers on a machine will best reduce worker fatigue and errors.

a)

Basic Psychology

b)

Applied Psychology

25.

Justine is at a lego factory watching the plastic being poured into the molds, and the pieces being stamped out for each character. This however is not as interesting as when she remembers playing with her completed legos. This experience most likely aligns with which school of psychological thought?

a)

Humanistic

b)

Gestalt

c)

Developmental

d)

Psychodynamic

e)

Functionalism

26.

Louisa has been helping clients all day in the facility that she works at. Many clients stay there for months, and sometimes years before they are well enough to leave. She is most likely a:

a)

clinical psychologist.

b)

industrial-organizational psychologist.

c)

psychiatrist.

d)

psychometrician

e)

counseling psychologist

27.

George sees his clients for a brief period of time, and mostly concentrates his questions on how their medication is working so he can find out if he should issue them a new scrip or change the milligram dosage he has prescribed. George is most likely a:

a)

personality psychologist

b)

clinical psychologist

c)

psychometrician

d)

psychiatrist

e)

industrial-organizational psychologist

28.

Julian believes that everything we do was determined with our personality that we were born with. Thanos believes that we are the sum product of our life experiences. The basic conflict that sums the difference between these two perspectives is:

a)

nature vs. nurture

b)

freedom vs. determinism

c)

dualism vs. monism

d)

structuralism vs. functionalism

e)

simplicity vs. difficulty

29.

Brielle is working to increase the productivity of employees during the holiday season at the retail store she is employed by. She is most likely what type of psychologist?

a)

counseling

b)

clinical

c)

psychoanalytic

d)

humanistic

e)

industrial-organizational

30.

Tristan tries to understand his world through his senses only, and explains how something makes him feel rather than attempting to record data. He most likely would agree with what school of thought?

a)

functionalism

b)

humanistic

c)

structuralism

d)

psychodynamic

e)

evolutionary

31.

Which of the following studies would John Watson have been likely to support?

a)

attempting to retrain how a person thinks about when they are afriad

b)

attempting to control a child's behavior with candy and other rewards and punishments

c)

attempting to measure if environment can change the innate success of genetic components of a species

d)

attempting to help a person achieve self actualization through providing them with opportunities to improve themselves.

e)

attempting to see if childhood trauma really does shape all later behavior in life

32.

Which of the following correctly describes how to randomly select a representative high school population?

a)

picking every fifth person with a high gpa from schools that are located in southern states

b)

selecting every other person from every student in multiple high schools around the country

c)

selecting 50 people from every school in the country with staff input

d)

selecting 5 students from every middle, elementary and high school through drawing straws

e)

selecting six students and staff from a lottery system at schools nationwide

33.

The psychiatric/psychotherapy treatment plan must state the

a)

Type, amount and frequency only

b)

Duration of the services to be furnished

c)

Diagnoses and anticipated goals

d)

All of these

34.

Which of the below fields can prescribe medications?

a)

Psychology

b)

Psychiatry

c)

Social Work

d)

All of the above

e)

None of the above

35.

Who would hold a medical degree?

(a)  

36.

Adam Driver has a doctorate in the field of psychology. He puts a greater emphasis on clinical work. What type of degree would Adam hold?

(a)  

37.

Brie Larson is a psychologist. She has a greater emphasis on research. What type of doctorate would she have?

(a)  

38.
When a researcher forms a hypothesis or belief and uses respondents’ information to support that belief, it is
a)
Confirmation Bias
b)
The Hawthorn Effect
c)
Social Desirability Bias
d)
The Halo Effect
39.
When respondents know – or suspect – the sponsor or subject of the research, their feelings and opinions may bias or alter their answers.  This is known as
a)
Confirmation Bias
b)
The Halo Effect
c)
The Hawthorne Effect
d)
Culture Bias
40.

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

a)

false consensus bias

b)

question-order bias

c)

hindsight bias

d)

confirmation bias

41.

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

a)

confirmation bias

b)

false consensus bias

c)

the Hawthorne Effect

d)

the halo effect

42.

What is Critical Thinking?

a)

refer to abilities to be open-minded, mindful, and analytical, and to evaluate, question, reason, hypothesize, interpret, explain, and draw conclusions.

b)

refer to abilities to be close-minded, mindful, and analytical, and to evaluate, question, reason, hypothesize, interpret, explain, and draw conclusions

43.

How important is critical thinking in the classroom?

a)

Not important

b)

Slightly important

c)

Very important

44.
A broad and comprehensive statement of what is thought to be true; it is supported by much evidence.
a)
hypothesis
b)
theory
c)
guess
d)
fact
45.
An explanation a scientist makes that we can test to see if it is true or not is a _________.
a)
hypothesis
b)
theory
c)
law
d)
question
46.

Brad Pitt is curious as to what happened to the dinosaurs. He is convinced that a virus spread across the earth and killed all the dinosaurs. Brad’s idea is called a ________.

a)

hypothesis

b)

theory

c)

law

d)

question

47.

What is a statement that describes how to measure a particular variable?

For example: use a tape measure and measure to the nearest inch

a)

Operational Definition

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Control Variable

Scientific Inquiry

d)

Scientific Law

48.

Replication is when one scientist

a)

copies another scientist's experiment.

b)

laughs at another scientist's experiment.

c)

repeats their own experiment several times.

d)

clones another scientist.

49.
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
50.
This research method is a technique for ascertaining the self – reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
51.
This is a method of research where the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interfering
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
52.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
53.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it yields a great deal of detailed descriptive information and they are very useful in forming a hypothesis
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
54.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it creates an immense amount of data to be gathered quickly and inexpensively.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
55.

What is a theory?

a)

a guess on how something works

b)

a tested conclusion accepted as true

c)

a story explaining how the world works

d)

an assumption

56.

What is replication?

a)

cloning the scientist who first did an experiment

b)

doing an experiment for the first time

c)

doing an experiment again and getting different results

d)

Doing an experiment again and getting the same results

57.

What are two methods of surveying?

a)

tests and interviews

b)

experiments and questionnaires

c)

interviews and questionnaires

d)

case studies and experiments

58.

What is a target population?

a)

the whole group you want to study or describe

b)

the population that is practicing for the Hunger Games

c)

population inside the classroom

d)

part of the group you want to study or describe

59.

What is a sample in research?

a)

the whole target population

b)

a piece of food you get to try

c)

an educated guess

d)

only part of the target population

60.

The Naturalistic-Observation Method takes place...

a)

with a mouse

b)

in a house

c)

in the field

d)

in a lab

61.
Which of the following is used only in correlation studies?
a)
Double blind 
b)
Placebo
c)
Random assignment 
d)
Scatterplot
62.
"Monday Morning Quarterback" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games.  This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle?
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Intuition
d)
Illusory Correlation
63.
When people have the tendency to think they know more than they do
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
64.
Which method should a psychology researcher use if she is interested in testing whether a specific reward in a classroom situation causes students to behave better?
a)
case study 
b)
experiment 
c)
survey 
d)
correlation 
65.
Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable. 
a)
control group
b)
population
c)
confounding variables
66.
The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
confounding variable
67.
The subgroup of the population that participates in the study
a)
sample
b)
assignment
c)
group
68.
A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results. 
a)
placebo
b)
case study
c)
experimenter bias
69.
The subgroup of the sample that receives the independent variable.
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
population
70.
Division of the sample into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group or condition.
a)
single blind
b)
double blind
c)
random assignment
d)
random sampling
71.
Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.
a)
single blind study
b)
case study
c)
double blind study
72.
Measures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set.
a)
median
b)
range
c)
standard deviation
73.
The behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment (the effect)
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
random sample
74.

Who was the first female president of the APA?

a)

Margaret Floy Washburn

b)

Mary Whiton Calkins

75.

What is the name for the professional organization that represents the psychologists and psychiatrists in this country?

(a)  

76.

Statistical testing aims to assess whether a difference/relationship is s (a)  

77.

Which two are examples of descriptive statistics?

a)

Median and correlation.

b)

Mean and standard deviation.

c)

Hypothesis testing and histograms.

d)

Variance and regression analysis.

78.

How do descriptive and inferential statistics differ?

a)

Descriptive statistics are more computationally sophisticated than inferential statistics.

b)

Inferential statistics are more computationally sophisticated than descriptive statistics

c)

Descriptive statistics only attempt to describe data, while inferential statistics attempt to make predictions based on data.

d)

Inferential statistics only attempt to describe data, while descriptive statistics attempt to make predictions based on data.

79.
Which measure of central tendency is obtained by adding all the scores and dividing that total by the number of scores?
a)
mode
b)
median
c)
mean
d)
range
80.

Inferential Statistics

a)

Statistical analysis of two or more sets of numerical data to reduce the possibility of error in measurement and to determine if the differences between the data sets are greater than chance variation would predict

b)

A number that represents the strength and direction of a relationship existing between two variables

c)

A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the low end of the distribution

d)

A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the high end of the distribution

81.

It is a bell-shaped curve which shows the probability distribution of a continuous random variable.

a)

U chart variables

b)

Graph

c)

Normal curve

d)

Statistical curve

82.
Which statement best defines the concept of “ethics”?
a)
Ethics is the ability to tell the difference in right and wrong behavior.
b)
Ethics is trying to judge people by what they believe and do.
c)
Ethics is a society’s standards of conduct based on moral values and principles of its members.
d)
Characteristics that bring people praise and admiration.
83.
What is the difference between ethics and moral values?
a)
Ethics means society's concept of right and wrong, Morals are personal beliefs.
b)
Ethics are personal beliefs. Morals are society's concept of right and wrong.
c)
Ethics are society's concept of personal beliefs. Morals are society's concept of right and wrong.
d)
Ethics are personal concepts. Morals are right and wrong through society.

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