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WorksheetsP4 Atomic Structure AQA (Separate Physics)
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 34mins
What is an atom?
The smallest part of an element
A substance made of two or more elements, chemically joined
A substance made of two or more elements, not chemically joined
The largest part of an element
What is the radius of an atom?
1 x 10-10 m
1 x 1010 m
1/1000 m
What is an isotope?
An atom of an element with a different number of neutrons
An atom of an element with a different number of protons
An atom of an element with a different number of electrons
What is an ion?
An atom of an element with a different number of neutrons
An atom of an element with a different number of protons
An atom of an element with a different number of electrons
What is radioactive decay?
An unstable nucleus breaks down to become more stable, giving off radiation
An unstable atom breaks down to become more stable, giving off radiation
An unstable element breaks down to become more stable, giving off radiation
An unstable compound breaks down to become more stable, giving off radiation
What is activity?
The rate that nuclei decay
The rate that ions decay
The rate that protons decay
The rate that electrons decay
What is the unit of activity?
Becquerels (Bq)
Coulombs (C)
Hertz (Hz)
Pascals (Pa)
What is count rate?
Number of decays per second by a Geiger-Muller tube
Number of ions per second by a Geiger-Muller tube
Number of atoms per second by a Geiger-Muller tube
Number of neutrons per second by a Geiger-Muller tube
What is half life?
The time taken for half of the nuclei in a sample to decay
The time taken for half of the atoms in a sample to decay
The time taken for half of the ions in a sample to decay
The time taken for half of the neutrons in a sample to decay
What is contamination?
Coming into contact with radioactive materials
Being exposed to radioactive materials
What is irradiation?
Coming into contact with radioactive materials
Being exposed to radioactive materials
What is ionisation?
The process of removing electrons from atoms
The process of removing protons from atoms
The process of removing neutrons from atoms
The process of removing nucei from atoms
Select the effects of ionisation on human cells
Cell death
Cancer
Mutation
What is mass number?
Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Total number of protons and electrons in the nucleus of an atom
Total number of neutrons and electrons in the nucleus of an atom
Total number of particles that make up an atom
What is atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom
The number of neutrons in an atom
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
How do electrons orbit atoms?
In energy levels
In shells
In layers
In locations
What happens to an electron that absorbs electromagnetic radiation such as light?
The electron moves away from the nucleus, to a higher energy level
The electron moves closer to the nucleus, to a lower energy level
The electron's position does not change
The electron will be removed from the atom
What happens to an electron that emits electromagnetic radiation such as light?
The electron moves away from the nucleus, to a higher energy level
The electron moves closer to the nucleus, to a lower energy level
The electron's position does not change
The electron will be removed from the atom
Which model of the atom is JJ Thompson responsible for?
Billiard ball model
Plum pudding
Nuclear model
He is not responsible for a model, he contributed to understanding electron energy levels
Which model of the atom is John Dalton responsible for?
Billiard ball model
Plum pudding
Nuclear model
He is not responsible for a model, he contributed to understanding electron energy levels
Which model of the atom is Rutherford responsible for?
Billiard ball model
Plum pudding
Nuclear model
He is not responsible for a model, he contributed to understanding electron energy levels
Which model of the atom is Niels Bohr responsible for?
Billiard ball model
Plum pudding
Nuclear model
He is not responsible for a model, he contributed to understanding electron energy levels
Which statement describes the billiard ball model?
Atoms are tiny spheres that can't be split into anything smaller
Atoms are balls of positive charge with negative electrons embedded throughout
A central positive charge surrounded by negative charge
Which statement describes the plum pudding model?
Atoms are tiny spheres that can't be split into anything smaller
Atoms are balls of positive charge with negative electrons embedded throughout
A central positive charge surrounded by negative charge
Which statement describes the nuclear model?
Atoms are tiny spheres that can't be split into anything smaller
Atoms are balls of positive charge with negative electrons embedded throughout
A central positive charge surrounded by negative charge
Which investigation did Rutherford carry out?
Alpha particle scattering
Beta particle scattering
Gold atom scattering
Electron scattering
What discovery did James Chadwick make?
The nucleus is positively charged
Atoms have a nucleus
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Electrons orbit in energy levels
Which particle is NOT located in the nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
-1
0
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
+1
-1
0
What is the relative charge of an electron?
+1
-1
0
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
0
-1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
0
-1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1
0
-1
Which of the following are types of radiation given off during decay? (Choose more than one)
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
What is an alpha particle?
Two protons and two neutrons
An electron given off when a neutron breaks down
A wave of electromagnetic radiation
What is a beta particle?
Two protons and two neutrons
An electron given off when a neutron breaks down
A wave of electromagnetic radiation
What is gamma radiation?
Two protons and two neutrons
An electron given off when a neutron breaks down
A wave of electromagnetic radiation
What is the range of alpha radiation in air?
3-5cm
10-15cm
Many metres
What is the range of beta radiation in air?
3-5cm
10-15cm
Many metres
What is the range of gamma radiation in air?
3-5cm
10-15cm
Many metres
Which materials absorb alpha radiation?
Paper and dead skin cells
Thin aluminium foil
Several centimetres of lead
Which materials absorb beta radiation?
Paper and dead skin cells
Thin aluminium foil
Several centimetres of lead
Which materials absorb gamma radiation?
Paper and dead skin cells
Thin aluminium foil
Several centimetres of lead
What is the ionising power of alpha radiation
Very high
Medium
Low
What is the ionising power of beta radiation
Very high
Medium
Low
What is the ionising power of gamma radiation
Very high
Medium
Low
How does alpha decay alter the atomic number of the parent nucleus?
Increases by 2
Decreases by 2
Increases by 1
The atomic number does not change
How does beta decay alter the atomic number of the parent nucleus?
Increases by 2
Decreases by 2
Increases by 1
The atomic number does not change
How does gamma decay alter the atomic number of the parent nucleus?
Increases by 2
Decreases by 2
Increases by 1
The atomic number does not change
How does alpha decay alter the mass number of the parent nucleus?
Increases by 4
Decreases by 4
Decreases by 2
The mass number does not change
How does beta decay alter the mass number of the parent nucleus?
Increases by 4
Decreases by 4
Decreases by 2
The mass number does not change
How does gamma decay alter the mass number of the parent nucleus?
Increases by 4
Decreases by 4
Decreases by 2
The mass number does not change
How is radiation used to treat cancer?
Gamma radiation rotates around the affected area. The radiation ionises and kills the cancer cells
Alpha radiation rotates around the affected area. The radiation ionises and kills the cancer cells
Gamma radiation is injected into the patient. The radiation is absorbed by organs, is detected on scans and kills the cancer cells
Alpha radiation is injected into the patient. The radiation is absorbed by organs, detected on scans and kills the cancer cells
How is radiation used as a tracer?
Gamma radiation rotates around the affected area. The radiation ionises and kills the cancer cells
Alpha radiation rotates around the affected area. The radiation ionises and kills the cancer cells
Gamma radiation is injected into the patient. The radiation is absorbed by organs and is detected on scans
Alpha radiation is injected into the patient. The radiation is absorbed by organs and is detected on scans
Why is gamma radiation used in radiotherapy and tracers?
Weakly ionising, penetrates the body
Ionising power is medium, penetrates the body
Strongly ionising, stopped by skin cells
Healthy cells can become ionised. Which medical use of radiation is this risk associated with?
Radiotherapy
Tracers
Both
What is fission?
An unstable nucleus absorbs a neutron, breaks down into two smaller nuclei, giving off radiation and 3 more neutrons
An unstable atom absorbs a neutron, breaks down into two smaller atoms, giving off radiation and 3 more neutrons
An unstable nucleus absorbs an electron, breaks down into two smaller nuclei, giving off radiation and 3 more electrons
An unstable atom absorbs a proton, breaks down into two smaller atoms, giving off radiation and 3 more protons
How is fission controlled in a power station?
Control rods absorb the neutrons, stopping the chain reaction
Control rods absorb the electrons, stopping the chain reaction
Control rods absorb the protons, stopping the chain reaction
Control rods absorb the ions, stopping the chain reaction
What is nuclear fusion?
Two lighter nuclei join to form one heavier nucleus, some mass is converted to energy
Two lighter atoms join to form one heavier atom, some mass is converted to energy
A heavy nucleus splits to form 2 lighter nuclei, some energy is converted into mass
A heavy atom splits to form 2 lighter atoms, some energy is converted into mass
Which type of radiation does the equation represent?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Which type of radiation does the equation represent?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Which type of radiation does the equation represent?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Which type of radiation is represented by the symbol:
∝
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Which type of radiation is represented by the symbol:
β
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Which type of radiation is represented by the symbol:
Ɣ
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
