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WorksheetsPEDS: Chapter 18: Fluid and Electrolytes
Total questions: 28
Worksheet time: 16mins
An infant came to the ER with symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea. The patient has lost a total of 6% of their body weight and is irritable, eyes are slightly sunken, and has a decreased amount of tears. What category and degree is this infants dehydration?
Mild, Isotonic
Severe, Hypotonic
Moderate, Hypertonic
Moderate, Isotonic
Younger clients have an insensible fluid loss. What are some reasons as to why an infant can be dehydrated? Select all that apply.
Higher Basal Metabolic Rate
Fever
Slower Heart Rate
Larger Body Surface Area
Knowing that fever can cause an infant to be dehydrated. How much fluid loss for every 1 Degree Celcius rise in temperature?
8 mL/kg/24hr
7 mL/kg/24hr
5 mL/kg/24hr
7 L/kg/24hr
How much larger in body surface area is that in an infant to an adult?
2-3x than an adult
5-6x than an adult
1-2x than an adult
3-4x than an adult
How much more body surface area in a premature infant than an adult?
3x larger than an adult
4x larger than an adult
5x larger than an adult
6x larger than an adult
What is dehydration?
Total output of fluids exceeds the total intake.
Total intake of fluids exceeds the total output.
Total of input and output are equal.
Total of intake
An infant comes to the ER with a sunken anterior fontanel and has lost 9% of their body weight. Mother has been complaining that infant has been urinating dark color urine and has been crying with barely any tears. What degree of dehydration is this?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Mild and Moderate
Labs have been drawn to see if there has been any fluid and electrolyte imbalances in a child. What abnormality indicates a hypotonic dehydration?
Plasma Na 130-150 mEq/L
Plasma Na greater than 150 mEq/L
Serum Na less than 130 mEq/L
Plasma Na 140 mEq/L
What is the greatest threat to a child that has been vomiting and having diarrhea ?
Fatigue due to dehydration
Seizure due to electrolyte imbalances
Hypovolemic shock due to hypotonic dehydration
Hypovolemic shock due to isotonic dehydration
What is the most dangerous form of dehydration?
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
What form of dehydration can result in permeant damages to CNS?
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
What assessment findings would you find in an infant with severe dehydration?
Wt. loss of 10% or more
Wt. loss of 9%
deep and rapid respirations
Absent tears
poor skin turgor
What assessment findings would you find with a mild dehydration?
Normal BP and RR
slightly thirsty
restless
poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
What is the last to drop in a child with dehydration?
Wt. loss
BP
RR
Cap. refill
What is given to an infant with nausea and vomiting first thing with treatment of dehydration?
Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
An infant has been diagnosed with moderate dehydration and is now going to be given parenteral fluid therapy. What do we give the infant?
D51/2NS 5ml/kg bolus over 1 hr
D51/4NS 50ml/kg bolus over 20 min
NS or LR 20ml/Kg bolus over 20 min
Popsicles
What can be given as an oral rehydration to an infant with mild dehydration that has only a fever?
Rehydrate
Zofran
Infalyte
Pedialyte
Popsicles
After giving a patient with moderate to severe dehydration parenteral fluid therapy and now showing normal vitals. What do we give to maintain it?
NS
D51/4NS
LR
D51/2NS
D5W
An child needs to be given LR 20mL/kg/24hr bolus STAT due to severe dehydration. The patient weighs 14 kg. How much do we give in ml/hr? (Round to whole number)
11 mL/hr
12 mL/hr
12 L/hr
11 L/hr
A child weighs 9.5 kg and needs to be given daily fluids via pump rate. How much do we give mL/hr? (round to whole number)
29 L/hr
29 mL/hr
40 mL/hr
40 L/hr
A child weighs 25 kg. What is the child's daily maintenance fluid requirement per hour? (Round to whole number)
1600 mL/hr
67 mL/hr
66 mL/hr
67 L/hr
A child weighs 98 lbs. What is the child's daily maintenance fluid requirement per hour? (round to whole number)
83 mL/hr
1990 mL/hr
82 L/hr
1990 L/hr
A nurse is caring for a child that weighs 46 kg. What is the child's maintenance fluid requirement in milliliters per hour? (round to whole number)
2020 mL/hr
85 mL/hr
2020 L/hr
84 mL/hr
What is the primary cause of hyperkalemia?
renal insufficiency
vomiting
fever
diuretics
A nurse is caring for a child with hyperkalemia and has an order of daily fluid requirements with potassium chloride. The ER nurse had stated that the child has not voided yet. What is the nurses next step?
Give daily fluid requirement with the potassium chloride.
Give the daily fluid requirement without the potassium chloride and document that you will give it later.
Give the daily fluid requirement without the potassium chloride and document that the patient has not voided yet.
Wait till the patient has voided to give both daily requirement and potassium chloride.
An infant has hyperkalemia and the nurse needs to assess the patient. What are some clinical findings?
Diarrhea
Weakness
Vomiting
Hyperactive bowel sounds
Cardiac arrhythmias
A child has been admitted for signs of Hypokalemia. What clinical manifestations can indicate that this is true?
impaired respiratory muscles
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Muscle dysfunction
Increased GI smooth muscles activity
What is a major cause of hypokalemia?
Kidney insufficiency
liver damage
Increased potassium excretion through the GI tract
Cardiac arrhythmias
