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Yr12 Bio - Human Evolution

Total questions: 42

Worksheet time: 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Hominids do not all have (an opposable thumb / flat toe and fingernails / a tail / premolars and molars with rounded cusps).

a)

opposable thumb

b)

fingernails

c)

A tail

d)

flat toe

2.

(Stereoscopic vision / bipedalism / two five-fingered hands) is a characteristic which distinguishes humans from the African apes.

a)

two five-fingered hands

b)

stereoscopic vision

c)

Bipedalism

3.

(Homo habilis / Homo sapiens / Gorilla gorilla / Australopithecus africanus) is not a hominin.

a)

homo sapiens

b)

gorilla gorilla

c)

homo habilis

d)

Australopithecus africanus

4.

Study the skulls below and answer the questions that follow. Which one of these skulls does not belong to a hominin?

a)

A

b)

D

c)

B

d)

C

5.

Place these four skulls in the correct order, dating from the most primitive to the most advanced.

a)

D, A, B, C (correct order) OR Gorilla gorilla; Australopithecus africanus

b)

D B A C (correct order) OR Gorilla gorilla; Australopithecus africanus

c)

A, C, B,D (correct order) OR Gorilla gorilla; Australopithecus africanus

6.

Name THREE characteristics visible above, that we share with other hominids.

a)

- opposable thumbs - steroscopic vision - no tail

b)

- opposable thumbs - stetreoscopic vision - no tail

c)

- opposable thumbs - stereoscopic vision - no tail

7.

Describe TWO lines of evidence which support the idea that the human population had its

origins on the African continent.

a)

 The oldest fossils of australopithecines/hominins/

bipedals have only been found in America.

 The oldest fossils of hominins have been found in America.

 Analysis of mitochondrial DNA shows that the oldest

female ancestors of humans are from America.

 Analysis of Y chromosome shows that the oldest male

ancestors of humans are from America.

b)

 The oldest fossils of australopithecines/hominins/

bipedals have only been found in Africa.

 The oldest fossils of hominins have been found in Africa.

 Analysis of mitochondrial DNA shows that the oldest

female ancestors of humans are from Africa.

 Analysis of Y chromosome shows that the oldest male

ancestors of humans are from Africa.

c)

 The oldest fossils of australopithecines/hominins/

bipedals have only been found in America.

 The oldest fossils of hominins have been found in Africa.

 Analysis of mitochondrial DNA shows that the oldest

female ancestors of humans are from America.

 Analysis of Y chromosome shows that the oldest male

ancestors of humans are from America.

8.

The ability to walk upright on two legs is called:

a)

bipedalism

b)

quadropedalism

c)

bicyclepedalism

d)

tripedalism

9.

Click all the correct answers!

Bipedalism probably evolved because...

a)

The climate in Africa changed 10 million years ago.

b)

Rain forest changed into woodland and savanna.

c)

Our ancestors depended on trees less and less.

d)

Our ancestors needed to communicate using language.

10.

All of these help us to be bipedal EXCEPT:

a)

S-shaped spine

b)

short, wide pelvis

c)

arched feet

d)

opposable thumbs

11.

Modern humans and their closest relatives belong to the same family. Members of this family are called:

a)

hominids

b)

primates

c)

homo sapiens

d)

Lucy

12.

All of these are advantages of bipedalism EXCEPT:

a)

Hands are free to carry food.

b)

Save energy when walking long distances.

c)

Hands are free to use tools.

d)

Easier to balance on two legs.

13.

Which hominid species is most closely related to Homo sapiens?

a)

Homo habilis

b)

Australopithecus afarensis

c)

Homo neanderthalensis

d)

Homo heidelbergensis

14.

What continent did humans evolve from?

a)

the Americas

b)

Asia

c)

Africa

d)

many places all at once

15.

Who are the closest living relatives to humans?

a)

chimpanzees

b)

gorillas

c)

lemurs

d)

kangaroos

16.

What is the scientific name for modern day humans?

a)

Homo Habilis

b)

Homo Sapiens

c)

Homo Erectus

d)

Neanderthal

17.

Which of the following is the correct order of human evolution?

a)

walking upright, using tools, controlling fire, larger brains, language

b)

language, larger brains, controlling fire, using tools, walking upright

c)

larger brains, language, using tools, controlling fire, walking upright

d)

larger brains, walking upright, using tools, controlling fire, language

18.

Which of the following environmental factors is the reason that bipedalism evolved in early hominins?

a)

Bipedalism evolved when the environment changed from grassland to rainforest.

b)

Bipedalism evolved when the environment changed from rainforest to grassland.

c)

Bipedalism evolved when the environment was constantly cycling between different climates in a short period of time.

d)

Bipedalism evolved because early homins moved out of Africa into a new region.

19.

Why do humans have longer childhoods than apes?

a)

Apes have bodies that grow at a faster rate than humans and so they need less time to become an adult.

b)

Humans are less mature than apes so their brains take longer to develop.

c)

Human bodies are smaller than apes which means they need more time to develop.

d)

Human brains are more complex and take longer to develop than ape brains.

20.

To which genus does this organism belong?

a)

Gorillini

b)

Panini (Chimpanzee)

c)

Australopithecus

d)

Homo

21.

The theory that humans evolved from H erectus on more than one location/time is known as ....

a)

Polygenic theory

b)

Out of Africa hypothesis

c)

Multiregional theory

d)

Homology

22.

Which one of the following species is never thought to have ventured out of Africa.

a)

Homo neanderthalensis

b)

Homo habilis

c)

Homo sapiens

d)

Homo erectus

23.

Which of the following arranges the fossils in the correct order, from oldest to youngest?

a)

Lucy, Ardepithecus, handy man, neanderthal man.

b)

Ardepithecus, Lucy, Handy man, Neanderthal man

c)

Handy man, Lucy, Ardepithecus, Neanderthal man

d)

Ardepithecus, Neanderthal man, Lucy, Handy man.

24.

Human brain size is approximately....

a)

800 cubic cm

b)

1000 cubic cm

c)

1200 cubic cm

d)

1400 cubic cm

25.

A key feature shared by all primates is...

a)

opposable thumb

b)

bipedalism

c)

high intelligence

d)

s- shaped spine.

26.

What do we know about modern humans (Homo sapiens) and Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) based on fossil and DNA evidence?

a)

Many Homo sapiens living today share genes with Homo neanderthalensis.

b)

The two species evolved from a common ancestor.

c)

Homo neanderthalensis lived all across Europe and parts of Asia, but only Homo sapiens spread into North and South America.

d)

Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis lived on Earth at the same time.

27.
Humans and closely related species (most/all now extinct) that typically walk on two legs are called...
a)
hominids
b)
australopithicans
c)
chimps
d)
bonobos
28.
...... were the first homonids to create and use stone tools, an ability that reduced selection pressures for large jaws and teeth.
a)
Homo sapiens
b)
Homo erectus
c)
Homo habilis
d)
The australopithecus
29.
A/An _________________________ is a type of mammal characterized by opposable thumbs and binocular vision.
a)
Hominid
b)
Primate
c)
Mammal
d)
Reptile
30.
Which hominin species came first - Australopithecus or Homo?
a)
Australopithecus species
b)
Homo species
31.
Which is defined as modern humans evolving only once, in Africa, and then migrating to all parts of the world, eventually displacing other hominins?
a)
Multiregional hypothesis
b)
Out of Africa hypothesis
32.
A bowl-shaped pelvis and foramen magnum forward (opening of skull below head) are the features that allowed humans to do what?
a)
walk fully upright
b)
sleep at night
c)
climb trees
d)
hold onto weapons
33.
Which group contains only humans?
a)
primates
b)
anthropoids
c)
hominoids
d)
hominins
34.
Which group contains gorillas, and humans?
a)
primates
b)
anthropoids
c)
hominoids
d)
hominins
35.
What is defined as human-like primate that appears to be more closely related to present-day humans than to present-day chimpanzees?
a)
primates
b)
anthropoids
c)
hominoids
d)
hominins
36.
Which group contains prosimians, monkeys, gorillas, and humans?
a)
primates
b)
anthropoids
c)
hominoids
d)
hominins
37.

Which of the following environmental factors is the reason that large brains evolved in early hominins?

a)

Large brains evolved when the environment changed from grassland to rainforest.

b)

Large brains evolved when the environment changed from rainforest to grassland.

c)

Large brains evolved when the environment was constantly cycling between different climates in a short period of time.

d)

Large brains evolved because early homins moved out of Africa into a new region.

38.

Why was bipedalism helpful to hominins that lived in grasslands?

a)

Bipedalism helped hominins travel long distances because they used less energy than apes to walk.

b)

Bipedalism made hominins better able to climb trees.

c)

Bipedalism allowed hominins to use all four limbs to get around.

d)

Bipedalism helped hominins to swim in large lakes that started to appear in Africa.

39.
Unlike old world monkeys, new world monkeys ___________________.
a)
have prehensile tails
b)
are diurnal
c)
live in societies 
d)
have binocular vision
40.
Which of the following is NOT a trait that helps primates lead  arboreal lives (in trees)?
a)
prehensile tails
b)
short  limbs
c)
binocular vision
d)
opposable toes  and thumbs
41.
Which of these species did Lucy belong to?
a)
Homo Sapien
b)
Australopithecus
c)
Neanderthal
d)
Homo Habilis
42.

Which species of hominid lived the longest and was the first to travel the farthest out of Africa

a)

Australopithecus afarensis

b)

Homo habalis

c)

Homo sapiens

d)

Homo erectus