Name this former sandal-bearer, a possible inspiration for the biblical Nimrod, a great king of Akkad.

He began his reign following the defeat of a King of Umma, Lugulzaggesi, who had fought a war against Ur-Zababa. After taking Kish from Lugulzaggesi, he built his empire by extending trade from his capital city throughout to Susa and the Zagros mountains.

The grandfather of Naram-Sin, his empire was ended by an invasion of Gutian Barbarians. Identify this founder of the Akkadian Empire.

Sargon's daughter who became the high priestess in the city-state of Ur. She made offerings to Nanna, the moon god.

Name this man who created the first known postal system in the world after conquering much of Sumer as the ruler of the Akkadian Empire.

As punishment for not aiding him sufficiently, this ruler attacked Rim-Sin I and conquered Larsa. This predecessor of Shamshuiluna successfully defeated a combined force of Ashur, Eshnunna, and Elam. Gustave Jéquier found a significant artifact from this ruler’s reign, an index-finger shaped stone, at Susa.

This ruler ascended to power following the abdication of Sin-Muballit, and employed the principle of Lex Talionis in a text written on a black stele.

This leader’s father, Sin-Muballit, expanded the power of this leader’s state by conquering Borsippa and Kish. During the First Amorite Dynasty, this man defeated an alliance of Ashur, Elam, and Eshnunna.

This ruler broke his alliance with Zimri-Lim and conquered Mari, but unusually destroyed it instead of simply taking it over. This ruler defeated Rim-Sin I of Larsa after Larsa's failure to contribute significantly to his effort to take over Eshnunna from the Elamites.

He may have been responsible for building the tower of Etemenanki, and his most well known achievement was carved on a column in Susa.

Jean-Vincent Scheil discovered Hammurabi's Code at this city.

This leader created a new capital on the east bank of the Nile, Amarna.

The Coregency Stela depicts this man with his queen, who may have been the mysterious "feminine ruler" who succeeded him. A circle with rays of light coming out in all directions symbolizes this ruler, who moved his capital into the middle of the desert at Amarna.

Following a dispute over extradition, this ruler and Hattusili III signed the world’s earliest known peace treaty.

This leader led campaigns into Nubia and Syria, where he defeated Hittite forces at the Battle of Kadesh.

his king defeated the brother of Hatusilli, Muwatallis II, at the largest chariot battle in history.

In the second year of his reign, this king defeated the Sherden pirates, who are one possible identity of the “Sea Peoples.” The mummy of this son of Seti I was discovered at Deir el-Bahari in 1881.

Greek sources refer to this man as Ozymandias, a transliteration of his throne name.

He celebrated the Sed Festival to mark the 30th year of his 66-year reign and ordered great building projects like the tomb of his consort Nefertari and the temple complex of Abu Simbel.

Suceeded by Merneptah, this husband of Nefertari and completer of the Karnakhypostyle hall ordered the construction of statues of himself

He defeated the Theban Sacred Band at Chaeronea; later, his bodyguards assassinated him as he began to plan an invasion of Persia.

Demosthenes wrote namesake speeches opposing what Macedonian king, the father of Alexander the Great?

He made an alliance with the city of Olynthus, which was later broken when Olynthus sided with a long-time enemy. That enemy, who turned on this ruler after he refused to lease them the promised city of Amphipolis, was Athens.

According to Diodorus Siculus, he was killed by a former lover who had been assaulted by the general Attalus. At the celebration of his daughter Cleopatra's wedding to Alexander of Epirus, this man was assassinated by one of his seven bodyguards, Pausanias.

This man established the League of Corinth after winning a battle where the companion cavalry that broke the Sacred Band was commanded by his eighteen-year old son.

He received the news that his wife gave birth to a son at the same time as a report that his racehorse won the Olympic Games. The historian Theopompus lambasted him for getting drunk in the daytime, in a digression-filled 58-book history of his rule. This man lost his right eye besieging the city of Methone, and defeated Onemarchos at the bloodiest engagement in Greek history, the Battle of Crocus Field.

With Philocrates, this man signed a peace between his empire and that of Athens, which ended the third of a series of conflicts fought over Delphi. Along with his son, this general defeated the Athenian generals Chares and Lysicles at the Battle of Chaeronea during the Fourth Sacred War.

This ruler ordered the building of a causeway in order to besiege and capture the city of Tyre.

This ruler’s Companion Cavalry defeated the forces of Darius III at the battle of Gaugamela.

This ruler’s forces crossed a monsoon-flooded river in order to surprise and defeat the elephant forces of King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes River.

Allegedly the son of Zeus-Ammon, he was declared pharaoh after ending the Achaemenid Empire.

This man's military campaigns were chronicled more than four hundred years after his death in his "Anabasis" by Arrian of Nicomedia. After his death in Babylon, this man's generals fought the Wars of the Diadochi, after which they founded independent empires such as the Seleucid and the Ptolemaic Empires.

Alexander's decisive victory over Darius III. Although outnumbered, Alexander's superior tactics and army earned the victory that would lead to the fall of the Achaemenid Dynasty.

What is the name of Alexander the Great's horse?

Capital of the ancient civilization of Lydia, where the Conquests of Xerxes set out from.

This ruler was killed in a conspiracy involving his bodyguard Artabanus. His forces won one battle thanks to the treachery of Ephialtes.

He reportedly whipped the Hellespont three hundred times before bridging it. This ruler had forces that won the bloody Battle of Thermopylae before losing at the Battle of Salamis.

His name is carved into the entrances of The Gate of All Nations in Persepolis, which he continued to develop upon work started by his grandfather Cyrus the Great

This man's subordinate Artemisia I lost the battle of Artemisium and this man's murder is attributed to his bodyguard, Artabanus, after he returned from a defeat at the hands of Pausanius.

After his death, the throne passed over his son Hytapses and his successor executed the primary assassin, Artabanus. In an inscription from his reign, he claims to have destroyed the den of the daivas, leading some to believe that this man was religiously intolerant.

This man's sons, Paralus and Xanthippus, died of a plague that killed him a few months later.

This lover of Aspasia commissioned Phidias to rebuild the Parthenon and ordered citizens to stay behind the Long Walls.

Opponents of this leader claimed that he attacked Samos as a favor to his mistress Aspasia, and he gained power by getting his rival Cimon ostracized.

He crushed a revolt on Naxos, and moved the treasury of the Delian League to his own capital city.

Republican Rome was pushed to the brink of collapse on August 2, 216 B.C., when the Carthaginian general Hannibal annihilated at least 50,000 of its legionaries at this battle of the Second Punic War

fought in 202 BC now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War. defeated the Carthaginian army led by Hannibal.

Roman general and later consul who is often regarded as one of the greatest military commanders and strategists of all time. His main achievements were during the Second Punic War. He is best known for defeating Hannibal at the final Battle of Zama in 202 BC

This man began his most famous campaign with the Siege of Saguntum and defeated Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus at the Battle of Cannae.

At the Battle of the Metaurus, this general had his brother Hasdrubal's head thrown into his camp.

This man started a conflict by laying siege to Saguntum. This man fought against the “delaying” strategy of Fabius Maximus and ambushed Gaius Flaminius at Lake Trasimene.

This man’s most famous victory involved a double envelopment of enemy forces which is sometimes called the battle of annihilation.

This ruler constructed a pillar with four lions standing back to back, which is his “lion capital,” and constructed many rock edicts.

Four lions sit atop the pillar this ruler had built in Sarnath. In one of his rock edicts, he claimed to be "deeply pained" by slaughter during the conquest of Kalinga.

He suggested that conquest by virtue was the "best conquest" and recorded his peaceful relations with the neighboring Seleucid king Antiochus in documents which repeatedly call him "beloved of the gods."

He named himself Priyadarsi, or "Beloved of the Gods," on many of his new edicts, which he inscribed on stupas featuring his twenty-four-spoked "wheel of righteousness"

His name means "without sorrow" in his native language, and he ruled from the region of Maghda. He erected a sculpture featuring a namesake 24-spoke 'wheel of righteousness'

This man's father was known by a Greek word for "destroyer of foes" and was denied in a request for a philospoher that he sent to Antiochus I. This convener of the Council of Patna sent his son Mihinda as an emissary to King Tissa of Sri Lanka.

He probably assassinated his brother Bleda and may have been murdered by his bride, Ildico.

This ruler’s son, Ellac, was killed at the battle of Nedao which ended this man’s empire. This victor at the Battle of Utus called off one invasion after Pope Leo I likely bribed him.

Theodoric I died fighting this man’s army at a battle where he was defeated by Flavius Aetius.

A shepherd is legendarily said to have discovered this man’s sword, which he claimed belonged to Mars. Valentinian III’s sister Honoria begged him to help her out of an arranged marriage, whereupon this man married her instead.

A coalition of Flavius Aetius and Theodoric I’s Visigoths stopped this man’s invasion of Gaul, and he reportedly died from a nosebleed on his wedding night. Pope Leo I supposedly dissuaded this man from invading Italy.

A battle between the Huns and a combined force of Romans and Visigoths, in which the Huns were driven back but the Roman army was weakened beyond revival

In one campaign, this man destroyed a sacred oak called the Irminsul in a war against King Widukind, and this man’s conflicts with the Umayyad rulers to his empire’s south led to his creation of the Spanish March and came to a head at the Battle of Roncesvalles.

He was Charles Martel's son. He was king and the Pope asked him for help against the Lombards who were invading. Pope names him king of the Franks.

After destroying Pamplona, this man's army was ambushed by Basque forces at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass. A revival of culture occurred under the scholar Alcuin of York at this ruler's capital of Aachen.

Pliny the Younger wrote to this emperor about the spread of early Christianity. A bridge crossing the Danube between Serbia and Romania is named for this emperor, and was designed by Apollodorus of Damascus.

This man was given the title of optimus princeps, and his military conquest of Dacia was commemorated with a large, engraved pillar.

This ruler deified his lover Antinous, who drowned in the Nile, and ordered Sextus Severus to suppress a revolt in Judea led by Simon Bar Kokhba.

This husband of Vibia Sabina controversially evacuated most of the territory seized by his predecessor Trajan

This emperor left a secret police, the frumentarii, to keep order while he embarked on his extensive travels, during which he created the Panhellenion League to unify Greek cities. To consolidate power, he fabricated a conspiracy led by Lucius Quietus and had him executed

Name this author of the Meditations, a Stoic philosopher who also happened to be the last of the Five Good Emperors.

During this man's rule, a plague sometimes named after Galen killed off millions of people, including his co-emperor Lucius Verus. This emperor, whose death in 180 AD marks the traditional end of the Pax Romana, ended the tradition of adopting a successor, instead choosing to give the crown to his son Commodus.

Constantine experienced a sign or dream or voice that told him to place his faith in Christ and he said he would convert to Christianity if they won THIS battle.

He likely had his son Crispus executed after he was accused of seducing his stepmother Fausta, although that led to her being killed as well. He convened the Council of Nicaea and co-issued the Edict of Milan with Licinius before defeating him at the Battle of Chrysopolis.

Most powerful noble, became king of England in 1066 after death of Edward the Confessor, ruled for brief time until defeated and killed at the Battle of Hastings

This monarch carried out massacres in Northumbria to suppress a rebellion led by Edgar the Atheling as part of this monarch’s “Harrying of the North.”

This man’s half-brother Odo helped suppress the Revolt of the Earls under this man’s rule and commissioned a famous depiction of him.

A plot in 1570 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. Hatched and planned by the namesake international banker who was able to travel between Brussels, Rome and Madrid to gather support without attracting too much suspicion.

A man sought Spanish support for an attempt on Elizabeth I's life. Mary Queen of Scots was involved in this plot and as punishment, was executed.

This provided for the destruction of Huguenot churches and closing of Protestant schools, mass exodus of Huguenots weakened the French economy and strengthened its rivals - major mistake of Louis XIV

This leader replaced the existing system by creating a fourteen-rank hierarchy for military and civil services called the Table of Ranks.

This ruler executed soldiers who attempted to replace him after cutting short their “Grand Embassy.” To reduce the power of the upper class, this ruler introduced a merit-based hierarchy with fourteen ranks

This ruler's sister Sophia encouraged a rebellion ofthe musket-wielding streltsy regiments.

This ruler commanded armies that defeated Count Tilly at the Battles of Rain and Breitenfeld.

After forcing back Catholic forces at the Battles of Rain and Breitenfeld, this ruler lost their life at the Battle of Lützen.

This veteran of the Kalmar War was advised by Axel Oxenstierna. This man constructed a pontoon bridge to cross the Lech River, and this victor at the Battle of Rain died while defending Saxony from Albrecht Wallenstein at the Battle of Lutzen.

Invasion of Spanish Netherlands by the French, French vs. Spain, Dutch Republic, England and Sweden, ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Invasion of Spanish Netherlands by the French, French vs. Spain, Dutch Republic, England and Sweden, ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

He won the Battle of the Dunes.

He attacked the Netherlands in the War of Devolution

Originally a lawyer from Arras, this man opposed Jean-Jacques Brissot’s warmongering and sponsored the (*) Cult of the Supreme Being. During his period of preeminence, this man oversaw purges of the Girondins, and others.

Georges Couthon enacted the Law of 22 Prairial in support of this man. This leader of the Committee of Public Safety was arrested by a group led by Fouche and Barras on the 9th of Thermidor.

This father of Megawati implemented “Guided Democracy” and promoted a national system of five values called Pancasila (“PAHN-chah-SEE-lah”). Name this first president of Indonesia who was overthrown and succeeded by Suharto.

Who wrote Long Walk to Freedom, "I am Prepared to Die"?

This man declared “I am prepared to die” at the Rivonia trial, where he received a life sentence that was to be served on Robben Island.

This man posed as a worker on Liliesleaf Farm while running operations for the Spear of the Nation.

As president, he opened the Truth and Reconciliation Commission after being released from prison by a man he later shared a Nobel Peace Prize with.

This man declared a "Day of Deliverance" when, in protest of their country's entry into World War II, members of the Congress Party resigned from government. He called for a day of "Direct Action," leading to riots

1993 Nobel Peace Prize Winner

This leader, who coined the term “Harambee” to encourage the building of a new nation, outlawed the opposition KPU party, which had been founded by his vice president Jaramogi Odinga Odinga. This leader, the most prominent politician tried as part of the Kapenguria Six, was succeeded by Daniel Arap Moi.

Jomo Kenyata was a member of this tribe

This leader said their countrymen would “awake to life and freedom” in an address given on the night of their country’s independence called the “Tryst with Destiny” speech.

This person's government agreed to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence with a country that later defeated their nation in a 1962 war.

This leader led thousands to the coastal village of Dandi in the 1930 Salt March as part of his nonviolent principle of satyagraha against British rule

This leader organized the non-cooperation movement after the Amritsar Massacre. Margaret Bourke-White took an iconic photograph of this leader at a spinning wheel.

This leader established Tolstoy Farm while in South Africa, a country where they faced discrimination on public transit. They were killed at a prayer meeting by Nathuram Godse.

They promoted swadeshi, the boycott of foreign goods, as part of a campaign to increase use of khadi textiles.

Laws passed in 1919 that allowed the British government in India to jail anti-British protesters without trial for as long as two years.

Name this prominent leader in the All-India Home Rule League, who resigned from the Indian National Congress because he believed that satyagraha would never work.