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Unit 1.2 Research Methods Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
2.
This research method is a technique for ascertaining the self – reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
3.
This is a method of research where the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interfering
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
4.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
5.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
6.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it yields a great deal of detailed descriptive information and they are very useful in forming a hypothesis
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
7.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it creates an immense amount of data to be gathered quickly and inexpensively.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
8.
The advantage of this method of research is that the behavior observed in the subject(s) natural environment to be more natural, spontaneous, and varied than that observed in a laboratory.
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
9.
The advantage of this method of research is that it can help to clarify relationships between variable that cannot be explained by other research methods, in other words- predictions.
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
10.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that the strict control of variables offers researchers the opportunity to draw conclusions about cause and effect relationships.
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
11.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that the research may not be a representative sample of the general population and doesn’t yield reliable conclusions about behavior.
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
12.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that the data is limited to only answering the question(s) asked. These limitations lead to biases, ambiguous conclusions, and low participation rates among research populations.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
13.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is the behaviors could be only one-time occurrences.
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
14.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that it does not permit researchers to draw conclusions regarding cause-and-effect relationships
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
15.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is the artificiality of the lab doesn’t lend itself to real unexpected results.
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
16.
Most notable examples of this method of descriptive research are cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies.
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
17.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is questions must be asked “just right” to get reliable answers and a considerable amount of honesty and trust is given in the answers.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
18.
The primary advantage of this method of research is that it allows for more control than naturalistic observation
a)
Laboratory Observations
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
19.
This method of research can only be measured between the values of -1 and 1.
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
20.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that some variables are too challenging to manipulate in an experiment (emotions, other cognitive behavior). Results may not be reflective of the general population.
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
21.

Which is NOT a step of the scientific method?

a)

Hypothesis

b)

Problem

c)

Count items

d)

Draw Conclusions

22.

What does it mean to draw conclusions?

a)

make a guess

b)

test a theory to see if it is true

c)

try something new

d)

use data to make an assumption/theory

23.

What is a theory?

a)

a guess on how something works

b)

a tested conclusion accepted as true

c)

a story explaining how the world works

d)

an assumption

24.

What is replication?

a)

cloning the scientist who first did an experiment

b)

doing an experiment for the first time

c)

doing an experiment again and getting different results

d)

Doing an experiment again and getting the same results

25.

________________ of a construct means expressing it in terms of observable behavior.

a)

IV

b)

DV

c)

Operationalization

d)

Inferences

26.

The __________ is the one manipulated by the researcher.

a)

DV

b)

Confounding Variable

c)

Controls

d)

IV

27.

The ___________is expected to change as the IV changes.

a)

IV

b)

DV

c)

Controls

d)

Samples

28.

____________ research is an in-depth study of a particular phenomenon.

a)

Descriptive

b)

Correlational

c)

Qualitative

d)

Quantitative

29.

A ___________ is the group of individuals taking part in the research study.

a)

Population

b)

Sample

c)

Variable

d)

Control

30.

__________ refers to the extent to which the results of the study can be applied beyond the sample and the settings used in the study.

a)

Generalizability

b)

Population

c)

Sample

d)

Credibility

31.

_____________ ____________ are variables that can potentially distort the relationship between the IV and the DV.

a)

Target population

b)

Confounding variables

c)

Matching variables

d)

Target variables

32.

___________ __________ is the group of people to which the findings of the study are expected to be generalized.

a)

Sample

b)

Random sampling

c)

Target population

d)

Matching variables

33.

In __________ __________ every member of the target population has an equal chance of becoming part of the sample.

a)

Stratified sampling

b)

Random sampling

c)

Opportunity sampling

d)

Self-selected sampling

34.

In_____________ _______________you recruit participants that are more easily available.

a)

Self-selected sampling

b)

Opportunity sampling

c)

Random sampling

d)

Stratified sampling

35.
An extraneous variable:
a)
is deliberately changed in an experiment
b)
is an uncontrolled variable that could affect the DV
c)
Is measured in an experiment
d)
Occurs only in field studies
36.
The variable measured in an experiment is:
a)
The independent variable
b)
A null hypothesis
c)
The dependent variable
d)
An alternative hypothesis
37.
The independent variable in  study is:
a)
The one that is excluded
b)
The one that is changed by the experimenter
c)
The one that is observed or measured
d)
Not of interest to the experimenter
38.
Which of the following is a random sample?
a)
Names drawn from a hat
b)
Asking people if they would like to take part
c)
Every 10th name in the register
d)
Taking whoever happens to be there
39.
Good attendance in lessons is related to high grades is a:
a)
Positive correlation
b)
Zero correlation
c)
Negative correlation
d)
Accidental correlation
40.
A weakness of a correlation is:
a)
Can only investigate 'straight line' relationships
b)
Cannot be developed into further research
c)
Tells us nothing about cause and effect
d)
Can only tell us about the direction of a relationship
41.
The purpose of an experiment is to:
a)
Test extraneous variables
b)
Measure an independent variable
c)
Demonstrate a cause and effect relationship
d)
Change a dependent variable
42.
A field experiment:
a)
Controls extraneous variables well
b)
Has no DV
c)
Does not have standardised procedures
d)
Takes place in a natural setting
43.
Which answer lists two measures of the spread of data around the mean?
a)
mode and median
b)
standard deviation and range
c)
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics
d)
scattergrams and boxplots
44.
"Monday Morning Quarterback" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games.  This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle?
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Intuition
d)
Illusory Correlation
45.
A testable prediction is called (a/an):
a)
operational definition
b)
theory
c)
replication
d)
hypothesis
46.
When people have the tendency to think they know more than they do
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
47.

A special program was run to improve the goal-shooting accuracy of the school's basketballers. A study of the effectiveness of the program was undertaken to determine if it should be used in other schools.

A trial is run before the program is implemented and the average score for the shooters is 52%. The shooters are then randomly divided into two groups. The members of the control group practise shooting for one hour per day, under the supervision of their classroom teacher. The members of the experimental group undertake the special program for one hour per day, under the supervision of their basketball coach. After five sessions, the test is repeated and the scores recorded.

A potential confounding variable in this study is

a)

A.the classroom teacher versus the expertise of basketball coach.

b)

B.the health of the basketball players before and after the program.

c)

C.the height of the basketball players.

d)

D.the age of each basketballer, and therefore the average age of the group to which they are assigned.

48.

In an experiment, debriefing of participants most likely includes information about

a)

A.each participant’s own results in the study.

b)

B.the number of hours participants will be expected to participate.

c)

C.the procedures that will be required of participants during the experiment.

d)

D.the individual results of other participants in the study.

49.

The main purpose of ethical guidelines for research in Psychology is to

a)

A.minimise the problems that participants cause for researchers.

b)

B.guarantee that the experimentation runs without problems.

c)

C.ensure that any results published will not be challenged.

d)

D.protect the welfare and rights of the participants.

50.

In a study, injections of saline solution (which contains no chemicals) were shown to be quite effective for relieving pain. This is an example of

a)

A.an experimenter effect.

b)

B.a placebo effect.

c)

C.the experimental effect.

d)

D.an order effect.

51.

Knowing enough about a study to decide whether you want to agree to participate

a)

Right to withdraw

b)

Confidentiality

c)

Informed Consent

d)

Privacy

52.

Natural experiments are true experiments

a)

True

b)

False

53.

A situation where participants' performance improves because they experience the experimental task more than once.

a)

Fatigue effect

b)

Practice effect

54.

What is the term referred to the extent to which the researcher is testing what they claim to be testing ?

a)

Validity

b)

Reliability

c)

Generalisability

55.

An experimental design in which different participants are used in each level of IV

a)

Repeated measures design

b)

Independent measures design

c)

Matched pairs design

56.

Reliability is the extent to which a procedure is consistent to produce the same results with same people on each occasion.

a)

True

b)

False

57.

When the variables increase together it is said to have

a)

Positive correlation

b)

Negative correlation

58.

There will be no relationship between variable X and variable Y. What type of hypothesis is this?

a)

Directional hypothesis

b)

Non- directional hypothesis

c)

Null hypothesis

59.

The group of people selected to represent the population in a study.

a)

Sample

b)

Population

60.

Measure of central tendency calculated by adding up all scores and dividing by the number of scores in the data set.

a)

Median

b)

Mode

c)

Mean

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