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WorksheetsAP Euro 16th Century Review Quiz
Total questions: 120
Worksheet time: 3600secs
What period did Christian of the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance consider to be the golden age of Christianity?
the time of the early Christian Church
the 1800's
the 1100's
the time of the Old Testament
The new university that employed Luther for more than three decades during which time he became Europe's leading Christian reformer was in what German city?
Vienna
Berlin
Wittenberg
Munich
What technology spread Luther's Protestant ideas faster than those of earlier religious movements?
The printing press
The caravel
carrier pigeon
the pony express
Luther supported the practice of clerical celibacy (priests being forbidden from having sex).
True
False
According to the Peace of Augsburg, the agreement that ended Protestant vs. Catholic wars in 16th century Germany, who would decide the religion of a region?
the Emperor
the Pope
People, according to their free will
the local political authority of each area
Which was NOT a name for a Calvinist believer?
Huguenots
Presbyterians
Reformed Christians
Unitarians
Which type of Protestant belief was popular among German residents of large Polish towns?
Lutheranism
Calvinism
Anglicanism
Puritanism
Which type of Protestantism did more Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) embrace?
Anabaptism
Calvinism
Anglicanism
Lutheranism
Which was the signature feature of Calvin's brand of Protestant Christianity that set it apart from other forms of Protestantism?
One has been predestined since the beginning of time to either heaven or hell
The Bible is the only source of God's authority available to mankind
One is saved only by their faith in God
The Church is a community of all believers
What was the main reason Henry VIII of England dissolved his country's monasteries?
As a Protestant, he hated monasteries because they were a Catholic institution
Monks had become extremely corrupt
He wanted their wealth
Because monks led a large revolt against him
How did one become the Holy Roman Emperor?
by being the oldest male offspring of the previous emperor
by being the oldest child of the previous emperor, regardless of gender
by being selected by the seven selectors
by being the strongest of the many German princes
What was NOT a possession of Charles V?
Spain
Burgundy
Austria
Poland
What was the religion of Charles V?
Anglicanism
Calvinism
Lutheranism
Catholicism
Switzerland is made of small regions called...
duchies
countries
cantons
margraviates
The Pilgrimage of Grace in northern England was...
a Protestant effort to remove all vestiges of Catholic rituals from the Church of England
an early expression of Puritanism
an Irish effort to fight off Protestant reforms
a Catholic rebellion against Henry VIII's religious changes
The leading family of the Dutch Republic (Netherlands) was the...
House of Orange
Valois
Bourbons
Tudors
Philip II tried to draw England into Spain's Catholic orbit by all of the following means EXCEPT...
Being the husband of Mary Tudor
Successfully impregnating Elizabeth I
Plotting to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots
Sending the Armada to attack England
Which statement about mid-16th century French Calvinists is FALSE?
they were generally found in major cities
they were embraced by the Queen Mother, Catherine de Medici
they were often chaperoned by French nobles as a means of justifying resistance to royal authority
they tended to be concentrated in the regions of France furthest from the capital of Paris
What was Philip II's family, of Austrian origin?
Habsburg
Tudor
Valois
Buobon
which of the following most drove the actions of Phillip II?
making the Catholic faith supreme throughout Europe
adding to the land possessions of Spain
improving the Spanish economy
promoting the rights of indigenous peoples in the Americas
What was the new order of nuns founded for the purpose of educating girls and young women?
the Ursulines
the Benedictines
the Jesuits
the Carmelites
which version of the New Testament was validated at Trent?
Erasmus' Greek translation
Luther's German translation
the Latin Vulgate of St. Jerome
Tyndale's English translation
Which term for the reforms within the 16th century Catholic Church is preferred by Catholics?
Catholic Reformation
Counter Reformation
Why was the Roman Inquisition unsuccessful at rooting out Protestant beliefs throughout Europe?
It was for too mild and refused to use torture to extract confessions
Few Catholic rulers wanted the agents of Rome conducting trials in their domains
Few countries still had rulers committed to Catholicism by that point in the 16th century
The Council of Trent had neutralized it
What controversy led Luther to write the 95 Theses and began his career as a major opponent of the Catholic Church?
the Great Schism
the Babylonian Captivity
the Schmalkaldic War
The indulgence controversy
According to Luther and other Protestants, religious authority resides . . .
in the teachings of the Pope.
in a combination of Scripture and tradition.
in Scripture (the Bible) and nowhere else.
in traditions established over the centuries by Christians.
Where were the Catholic Church's demands for revenue most resented because of the lack of a strong central government to negotiate with the papacy?
France
England
Germany
Spain
Anticlericalism is opposition to . . .
the most basic doctrines of Christianity.
the Holy Trinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
the belief that Christ rose from the dead.
the clergy.
Charles V was from what Austrian royal family?
Valois
Tudor
Habsburg
Sforza
Which type of Protestant belief was popular among German residents of large Polish towns?
Lutheranism
Calvinism
Anglicanism
Puritanism
Which was the signature feature of Calvin's brand of Protestant Christianity that set it apart from other forms of Protestantism?
One has been predestined since the beginning of time to either heaven or hell.
The Bible is the only source of God's authority available to mankind.
One is saved only by their faith in God.
The Church is a community of all believers
In what part of the British Isles was loyalty to Catholicism particularly strong, even during the Protestant Reformation?
England
Scotland
Wales
Ireland
Radical Protestants who believed in adult baptism and the need to disassociate oneself from secular controversies as much as possible were known as . . .
Reformed
Anabaptists
Huguenots
Episcopalians
What was the function of the Consistory in Geneva during Calvin's time there?
It saw to it that traditional Catholic practices were strictly observed.
It was the council of advisors to the king.
It collected taxes for the city government.
It investigated and disciplined deviations from proper doctrine and conduct.
Which was the leading Protestant reformer in Scotland?
Henry VIII
John Knox
Mary Queen of Scots
Thomas Cromwell
Polish noblemen who became Protestant were largely attracted to which denomination and why?
Lutheranism, because they were influenced by German culture.
Calvinism, because it was NOT of German origin.
Anabaptism, because a retreat from worldly concerns proved to be attractive.
Anglicanism, because of English influence.
Who were Charles V's maternal grandparents?
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
Maximillian of Austria and Mary of Burgundy
Philip of Burgundy and Joanna of Castile
What is the best explanation of Pope Clement VII's unwillingness to help Henry VIII of England end his first marriage?
He opposed Henry's attempts to marry Anne Boleyn because the Catholic faith does not allow divorce.
He was essentially a prisoner of Charles V, who was the nephew of Catherine, the queen Henry wanted to divorce.
He did not want to anger the King of France.
Henry was unable to come up with the large sum necessary to bribe the Pope.
What country in the 1500's consisted of a multitude duchies, margraviates, bishoprics, and other tiny statelets?
Italy
the Holy Roman Empire
England
France
What was ironic about French kings supporting German Protestants?
the French kings wanted a stronger Germany to help defeat the Turks
the French kings strove to be Dukes of Austria
the French kings were Catholic
the French kings had already become Protestants
"Others fight, but you marry." What family inspired this quote?
Habsburgs
Medici
Sforza
Valois
Besides Castile and Aragon, what other Iberian kingdom did Philip inherit in 1580?
Venice
England
Portugal
Bohemia
In which conflict was Philip II successful?
the French Wars of Religion
the controversy over who would succeed Mary Tudor as the ruler of England
the Dutch Revolt
the naval battle of Lepanto against the Turks
The seven provinces of the Netherlands that won independence from Spain in the late 1500's were located
in the north
in the south
Who was Henry VIII's youngest daughter and reigning queen of England 1558-1603?
Elizabeth I
Mary Tudor
Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Guise
The French king had gained control in 1516 over the Catholic Church in his domains by which agreement?
The Peace of Augsburg
The Concordat of Bologna
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrisis
The Edict of Nantes
Which term for the reforms within the 16th century Catholic Church is preferred by Protestants?
Catholic Reformation
Counter Reformation
The list of books forbidden by the Catholic Church was called the . . .
Index
Sacred Congregation
Spiritual Exercises
Institutes
Who was the Spanish Carmelite nun who brought new discipline and a renewed sense of purpose to her order . . .
Angela Merici
Christine de Pizan
Artemisia Gentileschi
Teresa of Avila
Which of the following BEST describes the outcomes of the Council of Trent
By reaffirming Catholic doctrine but reforming corrupt practices, the Church had little chance to reconcile with Protestants but was able to prevent more Catholics from leaving Catholicism.
The Catholic Church was able to reconcile with most of the various Protestant Churches that had developed in 16th century Europe.
The Catholic Church was able to destroy the Protestant heresy throughout northern Europe.
The Popes now faced checks on their once vast powers because of the existence of a new Church Council.
"If the Church teaches to be black what the eye sees as white, the mind will believe it to be black." Who said this?
Paul III
Charles V
Loyola
Francis I
In his young adult years, what did Luther aspire to become?
a monk
a lawyer
a university professor
a religious reformer
What did Luther believe about the Eucharist (the consecration of bread and wine during Christian worship, also known as Communion, Lords Supper, or the Mass depending on one's persuasion!)
The priest, a man ordained by God, transubstantiates the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ.
Christ's presence during the sacrament is real, but because of God's mystery and not the actions of a priest.
The ritual is nothing more than a commemoration of Jesus' speech at his last supper with his disciples.
It was not a sacrament because it was not found in Scripture.
In 16th century Germany a diet (like the Diet of Worms) was . . .
an assembly of nobility, clergy, and civic leaders.
a program to get the Emperor to lose weight.
an indulgence for previous sins.
a financial obligation to the Catholic Church
Where were the Catholic Church's demands for revenue most resented because of the lack of a strong central government to negotiate with the papacy?
France
England
Germany
Spain
The radicals who seized the German city of Munster promoted all of the following EXCEPT . . .
claim they had founded a "New Jerusalem."
ally themselves with Luther.
reject the concept of private property.
expel those who refused to be re-baptized.
Who were the "elect" in Calvin's Geneva?
The members of the city council
Those chosen by God for salvation.
Those destined for eternal damnation.
Those who held high positions in the church hierarchy
Which Protestant church continued to perform many elaborate rituals reminiscent of Catholicism?
The Anglican Church of England
The Presbyterian Church of Scotland
The Calvinist Church of Geneva
The Puritan Church of England
Who was the nemesis of Calvin and ill-fated Spanish anti-Trinitarian who was burned at the stake in Geneva?
Philip II
Michael Servetus
John Knox
Duke of Alva
Which of the following statements about the radicals that briefly controlled Munster is FASLE?
They practiced polygamy (had multiple wives)
They abolished property
They were led by a tailor from the Netherlands.
They encouraged the return of Catholic rituals and practices.
Which was NOT a basic concept shared by Luther and other Protestant Christians?
One is saved by faith and faith alone.
Scripture (the Bible) is the only source of God's authority known to man.
People can earn their way to heaven through good works.
The Church consists of every man, woman, and child who truly believes in God.
"Others fight, but you marry." What family inspired this quote?
Habsburgs
Medici
Sforza
Valois
What Muslim state that threatened the safety of the Holy Roman Empire and besieged Vienna?
Bosnia
Kosovo
Albania
the Ottoman Turks
What is the best explanation of Pope Clement VII's unwillingness to help Henry VIII of England end his first marriage?
He opposed Henry's attempts to marry Anne Boleyn because the Catholic faith does not allow divorce.
He was essentially a prisoner of Charles V, who was the nephew of Catherine, the queen Henry wanted to divorce.
He did not want to anger the King of France.
Henry was unable to come up with the large sum necessary to bribe the Pope.
What was ironic about French kings supporting German Protestants?
the French kings wanted a stronger Germany to help defeat the Turks
the French kings strove to be Dukes of Austria
the French kings were Catholic
the French kings had already become Protestants
What was the religion of Charles V?
Anglicanism
Calvinism
Lutheranism
Catholicism
the leading political figure in the Netherlands after 1581 was called the
Burgemeester
Wethouder
Stadholder
Koning
Which of the following does NOT describe the Escorial, Philip II's royal residence in Spain?
Its grid plan lay out commemorated the gruesome martyrdom of St Lawrence.
It was a monastery.
It was a place for much dancing and merrymaking.
It was a mausoleum.
What were Moriscos?
Mexican seafood
former Spanish Jews who had converted to Christianity
former Spanish Muslims who had converted to Christianity
Spanish colonists in the New World
The 1598 proclamation that granted protection to the Protestant minority in France was called the . . .
Treaty of Versailles
Concordat of Bologna
Joyeuse Entree
Edict of Nantes
Most Protestants in the Netherlands were . . .
Lutherans
Calvinists
Anabaptists
Anglicans
How many sacraments (sacred rituals) were validated by the Council of Trent?
2
3
5
7
Why was the Roman Inquisition unsuccessful at rooting out Protestant beliefs throughout Europe?
It was far too mild and refused to use torture to extract confessions.
Few Catholic rulers wanted the agents of Rome conducting trials in their domains.
Few countries still had rulers committed to Catholicism by that point in the 16th century.
The Council of Trent had neutralized it.
Which Pope, in spite of his earlier lifestyle, began the serious efforts to reform the Catholic Church in the 1530's and 1540's
Leo X
Paul III
Clement VII
Benedict XVI
Which term for the reforms within the 16th century Catholic Church is preferred by Protestants?
Catholic Reformation
Counter Reformation
What is heresy?
The unquestioned acceptance of stand church doctrine.
A belief contrary to standard religious doctrine.
Believing in a religion entirely different from Christianity.
The purchasing of church offices.
A document issued by the Catholic Church that supposedly brought forgiveness for all sins was known as . . .
an indulgence
a penance
a sacrament
a tithe
Why did Luther translate the Bible into German and encourage others to translate in into vernacular languages?
He wanted to gain fame as an author and make it a best seller.
He wanted it reviewed in the New York Times review of books.
He believed that all Christians should read it and understand it for themselves since it is mankind's only access to God's authority.
He wanted to increase the power of the church hierarchy.
What did Luther, and other Protestants believe about how one gets to heaven (aka is "saved")?
The purchase of an indulgence can gain us entry into heaven.
We are saved by our faith in God and nothing else.
We are saved by our frequent participation in good works pleasing to God.
We are saved by a combination of faith and good works.
Which side of the German Peasants' War of 1525 did Luther EVENTUALLY support?
the nobles
the peasants
Which feature of 15th century Catholic Christianity was NOT frequently challenged by contemporary church critics?
the belief that Jesus was the son of God
the papacy as an institution
the veneration of saints
the centrality of the sacraments
The Church of Ireland, established by the English in the 16th century, is a Protestant denomination.
True
False
Which statement about Lutheran Protestantism is FALSE
It became popular in northern Germany and the Scandinavian countries.
It placed control of the Church in the hands of secular governments who were tasked with seeing that it preaches from Scripture and nothing else.
It gained a massive international following and spread throughout all of Europe.
It placed a strong emphasis on law and order and opposed revolutions.
Which was a belief of Luther but NOT Calvin?
One is saved by faith and faith alone.
Rebellion against secular authority is never to be tolerated.
The Bible is the only source of God's authority known to mankind.
Only the sacraments (sacred rituals) that are mentioned in the Bible are legitimate features of Christianity.
Which country's conversion to Protestantism was motivated almost entirely by dynastic (having to do with the royal family) political issues?
England
Saxony
Scotland
Switzerland
Hard core Calvinist Protestants who wanted to eliminate ANY remnant of Catholic practices in England?
Anglicans
Presbyterians
Puritans
Lutherans
The Pilgrimage of Grace in northern England was . . .
a Protestant effort to remove all vestiges of Catholic rituals from the Church of England.
an early expression of Puritanism.
a Irish effort to fight off Protestant reforms.
a Catholic rebellion against Henry VIII's religious changes.
In the Holy Roman Empire, who determined the religion of a given region?
the local ruler
the Emperor
the individual
the Pope
Switzerland is made of of small regions called . . .
duchies
counties
cantons
margraviates
Who were the Habsburg family's leading rivals in Europe?
the Tudors of England
the Valois, the royal family of France
the Medicis of Florence
the Wittelsbachs of Bavaria
Which was NOT a possession of Charles V?
Spain
Burgundy
Austria
Poland
Who were the victims of the St Bartholomew's Day massacre in France 1572
Catholics
Jews
Huguenots
Muslims
The seventeen provinces located on the North Sea at the mouth of the Rhine river were all of the following EXCEPT . . .
known as the Netherlands
extremely wealthy from trade and commerce
ruled first by the Dukes of Burgundy, then later by the Habsburgs
strong believers in Catholicism
Philip II's royal headquarters was known as
el Escorial
Versailles
the Uffizi
Windsor Castle
What country had by 1598 become the leading defender of Protestant beliefs?
Denmark
the Dutch Republic/Netherlands
England
Scotland
The Duke of Alva's fierce attempts to pacify the Netherlands largely backfired and led to a full fledged Dutch Revolt.
True
False
The reconciliation of Protestants and Catholics was a particular interest of what secular ruler?
Henry VIII
Henry II
Francis I
Charles V
Which statement about the Jesuits is FALSE?
They were organized and disciplined much like a military operation.
They built a large number of schools and colleges in Catholic regions across Europe.
They encouraged discussion and debate over Catholic doctrine.
They were enthusiastic missionaries who spread Catholicism to nearly every continent in the world.
Which was NOT a decision at the Council of Trent?
to limit the power of the Papacy
to reaffirm the veneration of saints
to validate tradition as an equally valid source of religious authority as Scripture
to make strong efforts to improve the education level and moral standing of the clergy
What was the new order of nuns founded for the purpose of educating girls and young women?
the Ursulines
the Benedictines
the Jesuits
the Carmelites
Which statement about the Roman Inquisition was FALSE?
It was run by the Holy Office
It aimed to eliminate heresy
It was far less successful than the Spanish Inquisition
It succeeded in stopping a strong movement in Italy towards Protestantism
What was the most basic reason for the inflation of the 16th century?
population increase
influx of silver and gold
a shortage of workers
the greed of producers
Nobles in the 16th century changed in all of the following ways EXCEPT . . .
they sought service as officers in the king's army
they maintained private armies that often rivaled the king's army for power
they were expected to be more educated and gentlemanly.
they sought appoints in the growing royal administration
What was the main Spanish colony in Asia?
Saigon
Hong Kong
Macau
the Philippines
Misogyny is . . .
hatred of Jews
hatred of Muslims
hatred of women
hatred of homosexuals
Which of the following countries is NOT located in eastern Europe?
France
Poland
Russia
Hungary
Serfs were all of the following EXCEPT . . .
hereditary subjects of their lords
forced to do the robot in Bohemia
sold as slaves to the New World
forbidden from leaving their lords land without permission
Which statement about the "Great Chain of Being"? is FALSE?
It linked God and his creation to a series of ranked social groups.
Rebellions against it were commonplace in the 16th century.
It described the hierarchical nature of 16th century society.
It was widely accepted as a natural order of all things.
Where in the 16th century was a peasant most likely to be a serf forced to perform unpaid labor obligations?
England and France
Germany and Italy
Spain and Portugal
Eastern Europe
The mines of Potosi and Zacatecas produced . . .
silver
gold
iron
coal
What was the original European name of New York?
Manhattan
Brooklyn
New Amsterdam
Batavia
Which was NOT a play written by Shakespeare?
Hamlet
Othello
Macbeth
the Mandrake
Which statement about 16th century perceptions of witchcraft is FALSE
Most people executed for witchcraft lived in Catholic countries.
Most alleged witches were women.
Witches were considered to be allies of the Devil
The use of torture often led to false confessions.
Which Europeans were the first worldwide traders?
the Portuguese
the Spanish
the English
the Dutch
What type of food was consumed more than any other in the 16th century?
meat
dairy products
vegetables
bread
Prices on most things rose in the 16th century. Which of the following rose the most?
agricultural products
tools and weapons
clothing
shoes
Who were the Junkers?
Men who ran junkyards
Nobles from eastern Germany
Serfs in eastern Europe
Slaves in the New World
The massive influx of silver from Spanish possessions in the New World had what effect?
It made Spain rich
It aggravated the already rampant inflation
Society of this time (the 1500's) is BEST described as . . .
hierarchical according to birth station
patriarchal, in that men had authority over women
both hierarchical and patriarchal
becoming more egalitarian
Who was the French skeptic, essayist, and author of Of Cannibals?
Miguel Servantes
Jean Bodin
Michel de Montaigne
William Shakespeare
