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Signs of an Impending Volcanic eruption

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Volcanic phenomena

Refers to surface changes on a volcano, such as subsidence (sinking), tilting, or bulge formation, due to the movement of magma below the surface.

Smell of sulfur (rotten eggs)

Are stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater or fissure.

Are showers of airborne fine- to coarse-grained volcanic particles that fallout from the plumes of a volcanic eruption.

Are turbulent masses of ejected fragmented volcanic materials (ash and rocks), mixed with hot gasses (200°C to 700°C to as hot as 900°C) that flow downslope at very high speeds (>60kph).

Are rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments (from the pyroclastic materials) and water, usually triggered by intense rainfall during typhoons, monsoons, and thunderstorms.

Are volcanic materials directly ejected from the volcano’s vent with force and trajectory.

Are gasses and aerosols released into the atmosphere, which include water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride.

Massive collapse of a volcano, usually triggered by an earthquake or volcanic eruption

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Active Volcano in the Philippines

Also known as a landslip.

Occur due to erosion or underground water. They start developing a long time before it actually appears.