primary effect: 300 killed

primary effect: 15,000 buildings collapsed

primary effect: University badly damaged, students killed.

primary economic effect: Over US$11,000 million damage

Secondary effect: Lack of housing meant rents and prices increased

Secondary effect: Town centre shops and businesses damaged reducing tourism and employment and income.

Secondary effect: Number of students at University decreased.

Immediate response: Hotels provided shelter and 40,000 tents were given out.

Immediate response: Within an hour the Red Cross were searching for survivors and had erected a temporary hospital

Immediate response: Bills for mortgages, TV, gas and water were suspended. Free mobile phone calls.

Immediate response: Area declared a State of Emergency which sped up international aid from EU and USA.

Longer term responses: residents did not have to pay taxes in 2010, students given free transport and no University fees for a year.

Longer term responses: Historic centres, national museum and the Basilica (Church) took 15 years to rebuild.

Magnitude 6.3 on Richter scale

Magnitude 7.8 on the Richter scale

Epicentre 80km from capital city

Epicentre 7 km from the city.

Primary effect: 9000 killed, 1 million homeless.

Primary effects: 7000 schools, 26 hospitals, several World Heritage Sites including ancient Dharahara Tower destroyed.

Secondary effects: Landslides and avalanches in mountains killed 19.

Secondary effect: Landslides blocked river and roads and caused flooding slowing aid.

Secondary effect: Rice seed ruined, causing food shortages.

Secondary effect: Huge decline in tourism which provided 11 million jobs.

Immediate response: international aid arrived from UN and Red Cross but mountains and poor roads slowed it down reaching remote villages.

Immediate response: UN and WHO distributed aid and medical supplies to worst impacted areas.

Immediate response: Red Cross set up 130,000 emergency shelters for homeless.

Long term responses: US$500 million aid from World Bank to rebuild housing, repair roads and irrigation systems. Projects slowly ongoing.

Long term response: Some major highways took 2 years to rebuild, others remain damaged today.

Long term response: water supply took over two years to be restored in some places.

Long term responses: Aid Agencies are working with families to build earthquake proof homes.

Long term responses: historic heritage sites reopened in just 3 months to encourage tourists back. Climbing permits extended to encourage climbers back.

Long term responses: 1 million more people pushed into poverty due to the earthquake.

Date: 28 April 2015

Primary effect: UNESCO World Heritage Sites and temples destroyed in the city.

Preparation: No compulsory earthquake-proofing building standards

Primary effect: 3.5 million homeless

Primary economic effect: US$5 billion damage

BONUS! Can earthquakes be predicted?