WorksheetsRepresentations of Solutions
Total questions: 10
Worksheet time: 11mins
Based on concepts of polarity and hydrogen bonding, which of the following sequences correctly lists the compounds above in the order of their increasing solubility in water?
Y < Z < X
Y < X < Z
X < Z < Y
X < Y < Z
Benzene, C6H6, has the structure shown above. Considering the observation that benzene is only sparingly soluble in water, which of the following best describes the intermolecular forces of attraction between water and benzene?
Benzene is nonpolar, therefore there are no forces between water and benzene.
The H atoms in benzene form hydrogen bonds with the O atoms in water.
Benzene is hydrophobic, therefore there is a net repulsion between water and benzene.
There are dipole-induced dipole and London dispersion interactions between water and benzene.
The diagram above shows a thin-layer chromatogram of a mixture of products from a chemical reaction. The separation was performed using 50%
50% ethyl acetate in hexane as the solvent (mobile phase) and silica gel as the polar stationary phase. On the basis of the chromatogram and the information about solvents in the table above, which of the following would be the best way to decrease the distance that the products travel up the plate?
Use pentane instead of hexane in the solvent.
Decrease the percentage of ethyl acetate in the solvent.
Increase the percentage of ethyl acetate in the solvent.
Add up to 5% methanol to the solvent.
Gases generated in a chemical reaction are sometimes collected by the displacement of water, as shown above. Which of the following gases can be quantitatively collected by this method?
H2
NH3
HCl
SO2
In a paper chromatography experiment, a sample of a pigment is separated into two components, X and Y, as shown in the figure above. The surface of the paper is moderately polar. What can be concluded about X and Y based on the experimental results?
X has a larger molar mass than Y does.
Y has a larger molar mass than X does.
X is more polar than Y.
Y is more polar than X.
The survival of aquatic organisms depends on the small amount of O2 that dissolves in H2O. The diagrams above represent possible models to explain this phenomenon. Which diagram provides the better particle representation for the solubility of O2 in H2O, and why?
Diagram 1, because O2 molecules can form hydrogen bonds with the H2O molecules.
Diagram 1, because O2 and H2O are polar molecules that can interact through dipole-dipole forces.
Diagram 2, because the polar H2O molecules can induce temporary dipoles on the electron clouds of O2 molecules.
Diagram 2, because the nonpolar O2 molecules can induce temporary dipoles on the electron clouds of H2O molecules.
A student places a piece of I2(s) in 50.0 mL H2O(l), another piece of I2(s) of the same mass in 50.0 mL of C6H14(l), and shakes the mixtures. The results are shown above. What do the results indicate about the intermolecular interactions of the substances?
I2 and H2O have similar intermolecular interactions, and I2 and C6H14 do not.
I2 and C6H14 have similar intermolecular interactions, and I2 and H2O do not.
I2, H2O, and C6H14 all have similar intermolecular interactions.
I2, H2O, and C6H14 all have three complete different types of intermolecular interactions.
A mixture containing equal numbers of moles of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate was separated using distillation. Based on the diagrams shown above, which of the following identifies the substance that would be initially present in higher concentration in the distillate and correctly explains why that occurs?
Ethyl acetate, because it has fewer C-C bonds to break
Ethyl acetate, because it has a shorter carbon chain and weaker London dispersion forces
Butyl acetate, because it has more C-C bonds to break
Butyl acetate, because it has a longer carbon chain and weaker dipole-dipole attractions
Which of the following molecules is least soluble in water?
Which of the following substances has the greatest solubility in C5H12(l) at 1 atm?
SiO2(s)
NaCl(s)
H2O(l)
CCl4(l)
NH3(g)
