HAP, aka nosocomial pneumonia, is defined as the onset of pneumonia symptoms less than 48 hours after admission in patients with no evidence of infection at the time of admission.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is considered a type of hospital acquired pneumonia that is associated with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.

Pneumonia varies in its signs and symptoms depending on the type, causal organism, and presence of underlying disease. So, it is possible to diagnose a specific form of pneumonia by clinical manifestations alone.

The treatment of pneumonia includes administration of the appropriate antibiotic as determined by the results of a Gram stain.

TB spreads from person to person by airborne transmission.

TB begins when a susceptible person inhales mycobacterium and becomes infected. The bacteria are transmitted through the airways to the alveoli,

where they are deposited and begin to multiply.

Patients are still considered infectious after 2 to 3 weeks of continuous

medication therapy.

Nursing management of Tuberculosis includes promoting airway clearance,

advocating treatment regimen, promoting activity and nutrition, and

preventing transmission.

After initial exposure and infection, active disease may develop because of a

compromised or inadequate immune system response.