The diagram represents a food web. What do the arrows in the diagram represent?

The diagram represents a food web. Which of the following is an herbivore in the food web?

The diagram represents a food web. Which statement correctly describes interactions between organisms in this ecosystem?

Base your answer to the question on the diagram and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents part of a food web. Which population would be most immediately affected by the removal of the lizard population?

The diagram represents an energy pyramid. Which type of organism could occupy levels B, C, and D of this energy pyramid?

In this food chain, the owl is the

Which of the following is the term for organisms that must consume their food?

Which statement best describes the role of decomposers?

In 2011 and 2012, scientists working on the Banana River in Florida recorded a dramatic increase in the number of manatee deaths. Over the past 50 years, this area has also seen the human population increase by more than 500,000 people. It is believed that pollution from numerous sewage tanks leaked into the water, eliminating the manatees’ food source, replacing it with an alga that is toxic to the manatee. This is an example of

Throughout New York State, some farmers have switched from growing a variety of vegetable crops to growing a single crop, such as corn. Other farmers are concerned that such a practice will make it more likely that an entire crop could be lost to disease or infestation by an insect pest. This is a valid concern because this practice

A new automobile manufacturing plant is opening in a certain town. It will have some negative environmental impacts. This is a trade-off that the town officials had to consider carefully before giving final approval. They most likely gave their approval because the negative impacts would be offset by the

The chart above compares the greenhouse gas emissions of several fuel sources. An accurate prediction that could be made regarding the information shown in the chart is that

An increase in human population puts a stress on resources that can be renewed, such as

Which graph best illustrates the change in the human population over the past 2000 years?

The Susquehanna River, which runs through the states of New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, received the designation “America’s Most Endangered River” in 2005. One of the river’s problems results from the large number of sewage overflow sites that are found along the course of the river. These sewage overflow sites are a direct result of an increase in

By studying the chemicals in rare plants that grow only in rain forests, scientists hope to discover new life-saving medicines. Chances of finding such new medicines are reduced by

Over a long period of time, the stages represented in the diagram above were each present in a particular ecosystem. After a forest fire, what is the most likely order in which these stages appeared?

What is the name for the process where one ecosystem replaces another in a predictable way, shown in the diagram above?

The graph represents a predator-prey relationship. What is the most probable reason for the increasing predator population from day 5 to day 7?

Select the term most closely associated with the statement: The roots of the mistletoe plant absorb nutrients from living oak trees, causing some damage to the tissues of the trees.

Base your answer to the question on the graph above and on your knowledge of biology. The graph shows the size of a population over time. Which term best identifies line B in the graph?

Base your answer to the question on the food chain and information below. The food chain involves organisms in Yellowstone National Park.

Grasses → Elk → Wolves

Wolves in the park were killed or driven off by humans in the 1920s and 1930s. In the winter of 1995, humans released 17 wolves from Canada into the park. A year later, 14 more wolves were released.

One possible reason that the wolves were released into the park was to

Two species of animals with a similar appearance live in the same habitat but do not compete for food. This is because they most likely

In an ocean, the growth and survival of seaweed, small fish, and sharks depends on abiotic factors such as

Base your answer to the question on the graph above and on your knowledge of biology.

In the pond where these fish live, temperature is both a

An invasive species, the spiny water flea, was recently found in a New York lake. These water fleas eat zooplankton, a food also consumed by native fishes. The fleas spread from lake to lake by attaching to fishing lines, anchor ropes, and boats. Which statement best describes the effect of the water flea on the lake?

The acacia tree is protected from other insects by a certain species of ant. The ants, in turn, feed on a sweet secretion produced by the tree. This type of nutritional relationship is known as

The graph below shows levels of a form of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) and ozone thickness in Australia during December 1987 and January 1988.

Which statement best describes the apparent relationship between ozone and UV-B?

Continued depletion of the ozone layer will most likely result in

Most scientists recommend reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would be expected to

The Mississippi River Delta wetlands ecosystem is home to a large number of fish, birds, and other aquatic organisms. During the last century, this ecosystem has seen a decrease in wetland areas and species diversity due to land development, agriculture, and flooding. Conservation groups have been working to reconnect the Mississippi River with its flood plain and restore lost wetlands. One result of restoring wetland areas in this ecosystem would be