a factor of 4

a factor of 1/2

a factor of 2

a factor of 1

J kg^-1 K^-1

J mol^-1 K^-1

W mol^-1 K^-1

W m^-1 K^-1

^oC^-1

^oC

W m^{-1 o}C^-1

J m^{-1 o}C^-1

because container does not expand

because coefficient of volume expansion for liquid is bigger than the container

because liquid and container expand at the same amount

because particles in solid container is more closely packed together than liquid

radiant, light, energy

conduction, radiation, convection

elastic, kinetic, potential

conduction, oven, microwave

watts

degrees

joules

kelvins

conduction

convection

radiation

insulation

heat cause molecule to vibrate faster. This also cause collision of hot molecules to colder molecule

free electron gain energy and move faster. It then collide with colder molecules

transferring thermal energy by free electron is faster compared to vibrating molecules in lattice

transferring thermal energy by free electron is slower compared to vibrating molecules in lattice because they are far apart

$\frac{\text{d}Q}{\text{d}t}=kA\frac{\text{d}T}{\text{x}}$

$\frac{\text{d}Q}{\text{d}t}=-kA\frac{\text{d}T}{\text{x}}$

$\frac{\text{d}Q}{\text{d}x}=-kA\frac{\text{d}T}{\text{t}}$

$\frac{\text{d}Q}{\text{d}t}=kA\frac{T_2-T_1}{\text{x}}$

linear expansion

volume expansion

area expansion

$\beta=2\alpha$

$\gamma=4\alpha$

$\gamma=3\alpha$

 $\Delta L=\alpha L_o\Delta T$  

 $\Delta A=\beta A_o\Delta T$  

 $\Delta V=\gamma V_o\Delta T$  

the shape of the material

type of material

boiling points

insulated or not insulated material