What 3 continents was the Minoan civilization in the crossroads of?

Minoan palace which was ran like a business in which it housed the royal family, artisans, and other merchants since the economy and government based on trade and the walls were covered in watercolor frescoes

Paintings made on wet plaster walls

They were sea traders. They lived on the mainland of Greece in separate city-states. In each a warrior-king built a thick-walled fortress, & he ruled from it. They fought Troy. Was there a wooden horse?

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

A Greek epic poem describing the Trojan War. It does include fantastical stories about gods, goddesses, & a talking horse.

It tells of the many struggles of the Greek hero, Odysseus on his return home to his faithful wife, Penelope, after the fall of Troy. On his way home he encounters a sea monster, a race of one-eyed giants, & a beautiful sorceress who turns men into swine. This story has the wooden horse in it.

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

the most important contribution the this culture gave to the Western world; many countries used this language as the base to create their language

city; two parts - acropolis & lower main level that was walled

A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece.

A government ruled by a king or queen; one ruler

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

government by the people

A Greek military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

A Greek-speaking people who migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization; became the Spartans

Ancient Greek state that believed in war and physical activity.

Which government does this describe? It had an oligarchy of 2 kings & council of elders.

Spartan citizens had to be male native-born Spartans over what age?

The Spartan assembly had 5 ephors, or officials, who did what for Sparta?

Spartan boys' military training started at what age?

What was military training for Spartan boys like?

What was life like for Spartan women?

Sparta chose...

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with a nearby rival.

Early Greek leader who brought democratic reforms such as his formation of the Council of 500 Hundred. He opened more high offices to citizens, granted citizenship to some foreigners,

A tyrant that helped farmers by giving them loans & land taken from nobles. New building projects gave jobs to the poor.

Which of these are things Cleisthenes did for Athens?

Greek writer of tragedies; author of Antigone

Which of these describe Athenian women?

Who was the most powerful god; ruled over the affairs of gods & humans?

Who was the Greek god of war?

Who was the goddess of love and beauty?

Who was the Greek goddess of wisdom?

Greek athletic contests held every 4 years to honor the god Zeus.

Which of these were games at the ancient Olympics?

anyone who did not speak Greek; this is what the Greeks thought a person was

Greek victory over the Persian army that ended the First Persian War; The Greeks rushed out & fought the Persians in hand to hand combat. The Persians retreated.

Battle during which 300 Spartans fought thousands of Persian soldiers in a narrow mountain pass; a Greek traitor told the Persians another way to get to the Greeks.

The battle that effectively ended the Persian war. The Greek fleet, although vastly outnumbered, defeated the Persian fleet by ramming, burning, & sinking thei ships. This helped end the Persian war, freeing Greece.

an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians

Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

A group of people who have the authority to make a decision in a legal case.

This is when the Athenians could vote to send away a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy.

League created and led by Sparta that consisted of Sparta and their allies

The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.

Some ancient Greeks challenged the idea that events were caused by the whims of the gods. They used observation & reason to find causes for events. Means lover of wisdom

Greek philosopher; used what is today called the socratic method - asking questions to formulate what one really thinks; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth

He set up a school called the Academy. He taught the importance of reason. He said people could discover ethical values, perfect beauty, & organize society.

He favored rule by a single strong & virtuous leader. He said people should live by the "Golden Mean" - living by a moderate course of means.

Probably the most important contribution of Greek literature. There are 2 types - tragedy and comedy

Greek Historian, considered the Father of History. He traveled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. He wrote about the Persian Wars.

son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world; when he got to Asia, his men refused to go any further.