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2020 Fall AP Psych Final Review

Total questions: 118

Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Placing subjects in the experimental or control group in an experiment describes:

a)

Random Sampling

b)

Random Assignment

c)

A double-blind design

d)

Frequency

2.

Mr. Scully tends to exaggerate his ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events. What is he demonstrating?

a)

Overconfidence

b)

Hindsight Bias

c)

Correlation and Causation

d)

The value of replication

3.

Which perspective of Psychology focuses on observation?

a)

Humanism

b)

Behaviorism

c)

Structuralism

d)

Psychoanalysis

4.

Which of the following brain structures is most associated with the emotion of fear?

a)

Cerebellum

b)

Medulla

c)

Amygdala

d)

Reticular Formation

5.

Which of the following have been shown to have a positive correlation?

a)

Age and Belief in Santa Claus

b)

Holiday Stress and Health

c)

Number of Holiday Cookies Consumed and Weight

6.

What is the brain's ability to adapt after sustaining damage known as?

a)

Integration

b)

Plasticity

c)

Lateralization

d)

Insight

7.

If Broca's area is damaged, one would have trouble _____________ language. If Wernicke's area is damaged, one would have trouble _____________ language.

a)

Understanding, Producing

b)

Producing, Understanding

8.

Which area of the brain is associated with emotion?

a)

Limbic System

b)

Corpus Callosum

c)

Occipital Lobe

d)

Medulla

9.

Which of the following is the median score of the data set? 8, 6, 5, 10, 5, 7, 1, 5, 10

a)

1

b)

5

c)

6

d)

8

10.

Which brain imaging technique would likely be used during a sleep study?

a)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

b)

Computed tomography (CT)

c)

Positron emission tomography (PET)

d)

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

11.

The most well-adjusted and socially competent children tend to come from homes where parents employ which of the following parental styles

a)

minimal supervision

b)

authoritarian

c)

authoritative

d)

indulgent

e)

permissive

12.

A fifteen year old individual is predicted to experience which psychosocial crisis?

a)

industry vs inferiority

b)

identity vs role diffusion

c)

intimacy vs isolation

d)

initiative vs guilt

e)

integrity vs despair

13.

Raul took his mother's care without asking and rear ended a car at a stoplight causing serious damage. His parents bought him a new car of his own. This is an example of which parenting style?

a)

authoritarian

b)

authoritative

c)

permissive

d)

assertive

e)

restrictive

14.

Bane drives the speed limit because it is the state law. His reasoning best demonstrates which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning?

a)

conditional

b)

post conventional

c)

conventional

d)

preconventional

e)

concrete operational

15.

Sheila worked really hard in her AP US History class, but ended the semester with a D. Even though it was a difficult class, her parents told her that she brought shame to their family and that maybe she wasn't as intelligent as they thought she was. This is an example of which style of parenting?

a)

Permissive

b)

Authoritative

c)

Authoritarian

d)

Insecure

e)

Slow to Warm

16.

A fourth grade teacher finds that her students are very eager to help with classroom activities. Almost all students show an interest in being productive and involved in the class and the school overall. The students described above best reflect which stage of psychosocial development?

a)

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

b)

Trust vs. mistrust

c)

Initiative vs. Guilt

d)

Identity vs. Role Diffusion

e)

Industry vs. Inferiority

17.

Infant monkeys raised with a nourishing wire mother and a non-nourishing cloth mother

a)

Preferred the nourishing mother

b)

Preferred the non-nourishing cloth mother

c)

Showed no preference for one mother over the other

d)

Shifted their initial preference for the wire mother to the cloth mother as they matured

e)

Did not become attached to either mother

18.

When Billy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Billy is clearly near the beginning of which of Piaget's stages?

a)

Sensorimotor

b)

Formal operational

c)

Concrete operational

d)

Preoperational

e)

Conventional

19.

Three year old Bert lives in the Alaskan wilderness and has learned the schema for moose as he often sees them near his house. When his family took him to visit his cousin Ernie, who lived on a horse farm, Bert modified his schema for large four legged animals to include horses. This process is known as

a)

Habituation

b)

Accomodation

c)

Assimilation

d)

Maturation

e)

Conservation

20.
Erikson said that when you are a teenager, your main goal is to find your . .
a)
Trust
b)
Calling
c)
Identity
d)
Integrity
21.

Jane, a two year old, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane’s behavior?

a)

Trust vs. Mistrust

b)

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

c)

Intiative vs. Guilt

d)

Industry vs. Inferiority

22.
The stage that occurs between birth and one year of age is concerned with:
a)
Trust vs. Mistrust
b)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c)
Intiative vs. Guilt 
d)
Industry vs. Inferiority 
23.
A 38-year-old woman quits her high-paying marketing job to focus on her children and become a school counselor. What stage would Erikson consider this to be:
a)
Idenitity vs. Role Confusion 
b)
Generativity vs. Stagnation
c)
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
d)
Industry vs. Inferiority
24.
According to Erikson, a man’s midlife crisis happens in the 
a)
generativity vs stagnation
b)
intimacy vs isolation
c)
integrity vs despair
d)
identity vs role confusion
25.

Kohlberg believed...

a)

There is a universal sequence to the development of morality and the stages begin earlier in childhood.

b)

There are 5 stages of moral development.

c)

There is a strict structure to how children develop that must be adhered to. Children can not move outside of these set groups.

d)

There are four aspects of cognitive development.

26.

Three stages of Kohlberg's moral development include (in order):

a)

Pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional.

b)

Conventional, pre-conventional, post-conventional.

c)

Post-conventional, conventional, sub-conventional.

d)

Pre-conventional, post-conventional, conventional.

27.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the youngest of children usually:
a)
Avoid punishment
b)
Adhere to a code
c)
Want social order
d)
Agree to the greater good
28.

Which of the following is an example of a primary sex characteristic?

a)

Nonreproductive traits such as breasts and hips in girls


b)

Facial hair in boys

c)

Deepened voice in boys

d)

Pubic and underarm hair in both sexes

e)

Reproductive organs in both sexes

29.

Jean Piaget defined egocentrism as

a)

the belief that young adults don’t listen to their parents.

b)

the idea that preschool children cannot see things from another’s point of view.

c)

the understanding that young children cannot learn outside of a structured classroom.

d)

the belief that children cannot do more than one task at a time.

30.

According to Jean Piaget, what abilities in learning do individuals acquire during the formal operational stage?

a)

abstract thought

b)

symbolism

c)

memorization skills

d)

auditory

31.

Authoritative parents can best be defined as

a)

parents who befriend their children and do not use discipline.

b)

parents who are less controlling and behave with a more accepting attitude.

c)

parents who try to control the behavior of their children in accordance with a set standard of conduct.

d)

supportive parents who discuss their rules and policies with their children.

32.

The sensorimotor stage focuses primarily on

a)

motor skills.

b)

language development.

c)

the understanding of others perspective.

d)

understanding complex mathematics.

33.

Jane, a preschooler, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane’s behavior?

a)

Trust vs. Mistrust

b)

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

c)

Initiative vs. Guilt

d)

Industry vs. Inferiority

34.

Eight-year old Steven has a difficult time making friends at school. He has trouble completing his schoolwork accurately and on time, and as a result, receives little positive feedback from his teacher and parents. According to Erikson’s theory, failure at this stage of development results in

a)

a feeling of inferiority.

b)

a sense of guilt.

c)

a poor sense of Self.

d)

mistrust.

35.

Brody is contemplating whether to cheat on his AP psychology test. He knows that he needs to get an A on the test. However, he also recognizes that if he gets caught cheating, he will have to accept any punishment that he receives. Brody then decides that getting an A on the test outweighs the risk of getting caught. According to Kohlberg, Brody is currently at what level of morality?

a)

Preconventional

b)

Operational

c)

Post-conventional

d)

Concrete

e)

Conventional

36.

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, what stage of moral development is exhibited when actions are judged “right” because they flow from basic ethical principles?

a)

Preconventional

b)

Postconventional

c)

Conventional

d)

Preoperational

e)

Formal operational

37.

Which level of moral reasoning includes a focus on upholding laws in order to gain social approval?

a)

Collectivist

b)

Preconventional

c)

Conventional

d)

Postconventional

e)

Formal operational

38.
part of autonomic nervous, calms you down
a)
Parasympathetic 
b)
sympathetic 
39.
chemical messager, released into the bloodstream, slow but long lasting
a)
neurotransmitter
b)
hormones
40.
sending end of a neuron
a)
dendrites
b)
axon terminals
41.
receiving end of a neuron
a)
dendrites
b)
synapatics
42.

What is the purpose of the corpus callosum?

a)

Send information from one hemisphere of the brain to the other hemisphere.

b)

Production of language.

c)

Allows you to see.

d)

Processes your glands.

43.

What does Broca's area do?

a)

Processing language understanding.

b)

Allows production of speech.

c)

Makes associations between a place and name.

d)

Makes associations between a name and a face.

44.

A positron emission tomography (PET scan) allows a researcher to

a)

map out brain activity by taking pictures hot spots of cellular activity.

b)

determine what type of brain wave an individual is producing.

c)

take pictures to product a 3D image of the brain.

d)

Uses x-rays to produce a structure image of the brain.

45.

An MRI allows a researcher to

a)

Compare a healthy brain to a non-healthy brain.

b)

Indicate areas of the brain that breaks down glucouse.

c)

Find brain waves responsible for different stages of sleep.

46.

This is a marriage between a PET scan and a MRI machine.

a)

fMRI

b)

tMRI

c)

aMRI

d)

pMRI

47.
What natural morphine does the body create that is considered a “runner’s high”
a)
Dopamine
b)
Serotonin
c)
Glutamate
d)
Endorphins
48.
Which type of neuron carries information from the CNS to the muscles and glands?
a)
Neurotransmitter
b)
Motor Neuron
c)
Sensory Neuron
d)
Interneurons
49.
Which of the following is NOT part of a neuron?
a)
Dendrite
b)
Axon
c)
Synapse
d)
Myelin Sheath
50.
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
a)
Autonomic and Somatic
b)
Peripheral and Central
c)
Sensory and Motor
d)
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
51.
In what order does an electrical impulse travel through a neuron?
a)
Nucleus, cell body, Dendrite, axon terminal, axon
b)
Synapse, Nucleus, Dendrite, Axon
c)
Dendrite, Cell Body, Axon, Axon Terminals
d)
Cell Body, Dendrite, Axon Terminals, Synapse
52.
What is the small gap/space between one neuron's axon terminal and another's dendrite?
a)
Myaline sheath
b)
Synapse
c)
Cell Body
d)
Receptor Site
53.
What is it called when a brief electrical charge travels down a neuron's axon?
a)
Resting Potential
b)
Depolarization
c)
Action Potential
d)
Repolarization
54.
What is the master gland of the brain?
a)
Hippocampus
b)
Thalamus
c)
Pituitary Gland
d)
Pons
55.
Which organ of the brain controls balance, posture, and coordinates voluntary muscle movement?
a)
Cerebellum
b)
Thalamus
c)
amygdala
d)
frontal cortex
56.
Which organ of the brain processes the emotions of fear and anger?
a)
Thalamus
b)
pons
c)
medulla oblongata
d)
amygdala
57.
What is the function of the hippocampus with in the brain?
a)
The organization of emotional events
b)
To store long term memorie and regulate short term memories
c)
to regulate fear and anger
d)
the process of connecting the left and right hemispheres
58.
To walk across the street, a person would rely most directly on his:
a)
Autonomic Nervous System
b)
Sympathetic Nervous System
c)
Parasympathetic Nervous System
d)
Somatic Nervous System
59.
What is the difference between the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System?
a)
Somatic controls involuntary muscle movements while Autonomic controls voluntary movements.
b)
Somatic controls voluntary muscle movements while Autonomic controls involuntary movements.
c)
The Somatic can be further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
d)
Somatic controls breathing, heartbeat, and blinking while Autonomic controls running, jumping, and walking.
60.
Hasan is nervous for an oral presentation. His heart beats rapidly, his palms are sweaty, and his breathing has increased. Which part of the nervous system would be activated?
a)
Central
b)
Somatic
c)
Sympathetic
d)
Parasympathetic
61.
Which of the following enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles?
a)
Autonomic nervous system
b)
Somatic nervous system
c)
Sympathetic nervous system
d)
Parasympathetic nervous system
62.
Which neurotransmitter affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal?
a)
Acetylcholine (ACh)
b)
Serotonin
c)
GABA
d)
Dopamine
63.
Which type of cell communicates within the nervous system and processes information between incoming and outgoing messages?
a)
Glial cells
b)
Motor neurons
c)
Interneurons
d)
Sensory neurons
64.

As Allison reaches for a box in her garage, out jumps a big spider. Her heart immediately begins to race as she withdraws her hand, but soon she realizes that the spider is harmless, and she begins to calm down. Which part of her nervous system is responsible for brining her back to a normal state of arousal?

a)

sympathetic nervous system

b)

somatic nervous system

c)

parasympathetic nervous system

d)

skeletal nervous system

65.

A visit to a phrenologist would have resulted in an analysis of the person’s:

a)

heart beats.

b)

skull bumps.

c)

neurotransmitter function.

d)

endocrine system.

66.

An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to

a)

euphoria

b)

schizophrenia

c)

depression

d)

Parkinson's disease

67.
2. The perspective followed by a researcher who attributes an abnormal behavior to a neurotransmitter or its receptor is...
a)
Biological
b)
Psychodynamic
c)
Cognitive 
d)
Humanistic
68.
Which of the following perspectives is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Humanistic
c)
Cognitive
d)
Biological
69.
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of
a)
genetic predispositions.
b)
healthy growth potential.
c)
unconscious thoughts.
d)
punishment and reinforcement.
70.

Scientific Study of behavior and mental processes.

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Humanism

c)

Psychoanalysis

d)

Psychology

71.

Credited as the father of psychology because he was the first to establish psychology as an experimental science.

a)

John Locke

b)

Wilhem Wundt

c)

Sigmund Freud

d)

Max Weber

72.

Founded by John B. Watson and focused on the study of overt or observable behavior; emphasizing the process of learning through rewards, consequences, and observation learning.

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Humanism

c)

Biological

d)

Social-Cultural

73.

Associate the following with the correct perspective: Thinking skills, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky.

a)

Cognitive Approach

b)

Biological Approach

c)

Psychodynamic Approach

d)

Humanistic Approach

74.

Associate the following with the correct perspective: brain, neurons, nervous system, how the brain communicates with the body (vice versa).

a)

Cognitive Approach

b)

Biological Approach

c)

Evolutionary Approach

d)

Psychodynamic Approach

75.

Associate the following with the correct perspective: Unconscious conflicts/motivations, Sigmund Freud

a)

Humanistic Approach

b)

Psychodynamic Approach

c)

Biological Approach

d)

Cognitive Approach

76.

Which scatterplot shows the strongest negative relationship between the variables?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
77.

Which perspective would say that anxiety is the result of repressed traumatic childhood experiences?

a)

Psychodynamic

b)

Cognitive

c)

Behavioral

d)

Biological

78.
Which theory believes that the environment affects a person's behavior the most?
a)
Behaviorism
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Humanism
d)
Biological Psychology
79.
Anxiety is the result of repressed traumatic childhood experiences.
a)
Psychodymanic perspective
b)
Cognitive perspective
c)
Behavioral perspective
d)
Biological perspective
80.
Our behavior is a direct result of how we feel about ourselves.
a)
Humanistic perspective
b)
Psychodynamic perspective
c)
Behavioral perspective
d)
Social-cultural perspective
81.
Eating disorders are more prevalent in the West because we are constantly bombarded with images of thin, perfect bodies.
a)
Social-cultural perspective
b)
Behavioral perspective
c)
Biological perspective
d)
Psychodynamic perspective
82.
The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
confounding variable
83.
The subgroup of the population that participates in the study
a)
sample
b)
assignment
c)
group
84.
The subgroup of the sample that receives the independent variable.
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
population
85.
Division of the sample into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group or condition.
a)
single blind
b)
double blind
c)
random assignment
d)
random sampling
86.
A psychological or physical treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient. 
a)
independent variable
b)
placebo
c)
dependent variable
87.
Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.
a)
single blind study
b)
case study
c)
double blind study
88.
Suggested rules for acting responsible and morally when conducting research.
a)
ethics
b)
guidelines
c)
rules
89.
Measures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set.
a)
median
b)
range
c)
standard deviation
90.
Correlational research where one  specific group of people or person is studied in detail through interviews, file reviews, etc.  Not generalizable. 
a)
case study
b)
naturalistic evaluation
c)
experiment
91.
The behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment (the effect)
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
random sample
92.
Careful observations of humans or animals in real life situations
a)
case study
b)
survey
c)
naturalistic observation
93.
Obtain large samples of abilities, beliefs or behaviors through written or interview questions.
a)
case study
b)
naturalistic observation
c)
survye
94.
Which of the following is a potential problem for a case study?
a)
They provide too much detail and the researcher is likely to lose track of the most important facts.
b)
They are generally  too expensive to economical
c)
They may be misleading because they don't fairly represent other cases
d)
The dependent variable is difficult to operationally define in a case study
95.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
96.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
97.

Research particpants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words, and the third group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The way the words are presented is which type of variable?

a)

Confounding

b)

Dependent

c)

Independent

d)

Extraneous

e)

Control

98.

Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college GPA. Which of the following best describes this relationship?

a)

A bimodal distribution

b)

A normal distribution

c)

A skewed distribution

d)

A positive correlation

e)

A negative correlation

99.

•According to the serial position effect, you will remember more:

a)

A. items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.

b)

B. items in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.

c)

C. vocabulary words if you process them visually.

d)

D. vocabulary words if you process them acoustically.

100.

•When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of:

a)

A. chunking.

b)

B. flashbulb memory.

c)

C. automatic processing.

d)

D. iconic memory.

101.

Priming refers to:

a)

A. the sense that one has been in a particular situation before.

b)

B. better recall for experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood.

c)

C. attributing a memory to an erroneous source.

d)

D. the activation of associations in memory.

102.

The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is due to:

a)

A. storage decay

b)

B. encoding failure

c)

C. motivated forgetting

d)

D. retrieval failure

103.

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates:

a)

A. repression

b)

B. retroactive interference

c)

C. encoding failure

d)

D. source amnesia

104.

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

a)

A. the spacing effect

b)

B. proactive interference

c)

C. retroactive interference

d)

D. state-dependent memory

105.

Critical Thinking Questions:

Which of the following would be predicted by Ebbinghaus’ famous forgetting curve? Several years after learning the dates of important historical events for a college class, students:

a)

A. will remember most of the dates, and will remember them for years to come.

b)

B. will remember most of the dates, and will slowly start to forget them.

c)

C. will have forgotten most of the dates, but what they do remember, they’ll remember for years to come.

d)

D. will have forgotten most of the dates, but during the years to come, they will again remember what they initially forgot.

106.

•You are used to driving a car with a standard shift (stick shift). Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission. As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift. This tendency is most likely due to:

a)

A. retroactive interference

b)

B. proactive interference

c)

C. motivated forgetting

d)

D. encoding failure

107.

We have all had the experience of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. We are asked to remember someone’s name. We are certain that we know the name and feel as if we are just about to remember it, yet it remains elusive. What type of forgetting might be at work here?

a)

A. encoding failure

b)

B. retroactive interference

c)

C. retrieval failure

d)

D. motivated forgetting

108.

•You are asked to recall the names of the Seven Dwarfs in the Snow White fairy tale. You are familiar with the story, and may have even seen a movie of the story, yet you cannot remember all seven names accurately. What type of memory problem might account for this?

a)

A. retrieval failure

b)

B. encoding failure

c)

C. proactive interference

d)

D. storage failure

109.
Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information
a)
Chunking
b)
Memory
c)
Sensory experience
d)
Rehearsal
110.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
111.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
112.
Holds about 7 items at a time
a)
Short-term memory
b)
Long-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
113.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
114.
Part of LTM that stores memories of how things are done.
a)
Declarative memory
b)
Acoustic memory
Elaborative memory
c)
Acoustic memory
d)
Procedural memory
115.
A memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
116.
Memory of something that WAS deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
117.
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
a)
recall; recognition
b)
recognition; relearning
c)
recall; relearning
d)
recognition; rehearsal
118.
After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates
a)
retroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
the spacing effect.